Bioenergy Use

Rashid Iqbal

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of:

PG 2.1 Technologies for Renewable Energy Conversion (Seminar, Summer 2020)

 Contents

• Introduction
• What is bio-energy?
• Bioenergy Technology
• Immediate Scale-up
• Future Technology ↠ 2DS
• Sustainable Bioenergy
• Policy and Finance

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 Introduction

Estimated Shares of Bioenergy in Total Final Energy

Consumption, Overall and by End-Use Sector, 20181

• Total final energy consumption of sustainable bioenergy increases x 4 by

2060 in the 2DS (10 x increase in transport)
• Total biomass supply increases from 63 to 144 EJ
• Provides nearly 17% of final energy demand in 2060, compared with 5.1
% in 2018

[1] R. 2020., "RENEWABLES 2020 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2020_full_report_en.pdf.
[2] IEA, ”3. The Vision," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Bioenergy Technology [1]

Fuel
Feedstock Pretreatment Conversion
Preparation

oil crops (e.g. palm, canola,

Drying anaerobic digestion
sunflower) Heat

sugar and starch crops (e.g.

size reduction Biogas upgrading
sugar cane, corn, cereals)

Electricity
lignocellulosic biomass from
forestry, agriculture and other
Pelletisation Pyrolysis
industries (e.g. Forestry
residue, straw, bagasse)

Transport
Biomass from waste Torrefaction Gasification

[1] R. 2020., ”How2Guide for Bioenergy" 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6683e.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Bioenergy Technology:
Power and Heat

[1] ENERGY.GOV, "Bioenergy Basics Infographic," 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/downloads/bioenergy-basics-infographic

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 Bioenergy Technology:
Transport Fuel

[1] ENERGY.GOV, "Bioenergy Basics Infographic," 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/downloads/bioenergy-basics-infographic

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 Bioenergy Solutions for Immediate
Scale-up [1]

Biomethane from Waste and residue Higher ethanol blends Bioenergy based
waste and residue HVO in heavy-duty and unblended district heating
feedstocks for use as road freight and HEFA ethanol in road networks in urban
a transport fuel in aviation transport areas

Medium-scale Maximizing the

biomass heating efficiency of bagasse Energy recovery from The conversion of
systems in co-generation in the municipal waste existing fossil fuel
commercial and sugar and ethanol solutions infrastructure for
public buildings industry bioenergy use

[1] IEA, "Annex 3: Bioenergy solutions suitable for immediate scale-up," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://webstore.iea.org/Content/Images/uploaded/Bioenergy_2017_Annex3.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Future Technology ↠ 2DS:
Biofuels for Transport [1]

• 2DS target require growth in biofuels which have

not reached maturity
• Biofuels with improved GHG and which can be
used as drop-in fuels used for long haul transport
• Demonstration of innovative routes to pyrolysis,
gassification and hybrid thermal and biochemical
processes
• Low carbon fuels sources like waste gases
• Developmental paths for cost reduction

[1] IEA, "4. Bioenergy technology," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Future Technology ↠ 2DS:
Electricity [1]

• Demand for Cogeneration plant will decrease as

heat needs will decrease
• Biomass-fuelled solid oxcide fuels cells (SOFCs)
have efficiencies in the range of 60-75 %
• Bio-energy Electricity technologies are inherently
dispatchable
• Additional revenue streams from Balancing power
and ancillary services

[1] IEA, "4. Bioenergy technology," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Future Technology ↠ 2DS:
Heat [1]
High Temparature Application
• Biogenic waste fuel in Cement Industry
• Replacement of fossil-based chemicals with bio-based (ethylene to bioethanol,
ammonia/methanol to biomass gasification)
• Next target is bio-based fuels in Iron and steel plants(at present limited used of charcoal)

Low and Medium Temparature Applications

• Expanded role in paper and pulp, feed, drink and other non-intensive industrial sectors
• Reducing traditional biomass use by using sustainable cooking and heating solutions
• Improved energy efficieny of buildings
• Highly integrated network providing urban heating and cooling needs

[1] IEA, "4. Bioenergy technology," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Future Technology ↠ 2DS:
Biorefineries [1]
Biorefinery Concept (source: adapted from [2])

• Generate Power and Heat

• Marketable Bio-based products
• Chemicals
• Materials
• Minerals
• Enabling Bioeconomy
• Efficient use of biomass

[1] IEA, "4. Bioenergy technology," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]
[2] Bioenergy Consult, “The concept of Biorefiner” ”https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/biorefinery/#:~:text=A%20biorefinery%20is%20a%20facility,fuels%20and%20products%20from%20petroleum.

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 Future Technology ↠ 2DS:
BECCS and BECCU[1]

BECCSTORAGE
• Only methodolgy offerimg negative emissions
• Mature Technology
• Cost and efficiency challenges
• Optimum combination of CCS and Bioenergy
technology is necessary
BECCUTILIZATION
• More effient use of bio-based carbon
• Additional source of revenue
• Sustaining bioeconomy

[1] IEA, "4. Bioenergy technology," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Sustainable Bioenergy:
GLOBAL Bioenergy Partnership

[1] IEA, "5. Delivering sustainable bioenergy," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed SEP 2020]

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 Sustainable Bioenergy:

Delivering Sustainable Bioenery

• Policies
• Regulations and certification systems defining good practises
• Enforcement Systems

[1] IEA, "5. Delivering sustainable bioenergy," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed SEP 2020]

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 Policy and Finance [1]

Barrier Mitigation
Technology Risk:Feedstock and equipment mismatch Demonstation Plants
Validation programmes

Contractual Risk: sale of product-heat electricty and Power purchase agreements

transport fuels Biofuel fuel offtake
Feedstock Supply Risk: limited liquidity Project investment in upstream supply
Involvement of fuel supply in projects
Policy Risk: Enabling framework is complex and time International support for developing nation
consuming Development Banks and Aid Agencies mandates

Annual bioenergy investments, 2010-16 and investment

Cumulative bioenergy investments, 2017-60 (trillion USD, 2015) needed in the 2DS

[1] IEA, "6. Policy and finance issues," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/Technology_Roadmap_Delivering_Sustainable_Bioenergy.pdf. [Accessed Sep 2020]

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 Questions

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