Course: Discrete Mathematical Structures

Practice problems on week 2

Nested quantifiers, rules of inference and proofs
1. Use quantifiers and predicates with more than one variable Nested
to express these statements. quantifiers
a) Every computer science student needs a course in discrete
mathematics.
b) There is a student in this class who owns a personal
computer.
c) Every student in this class has taken at least one computer
science course.
d) There is a student in this class who has taken at least
one course in computer science.
e) Every student in this class has been in every building
on campus.
f ) There is a student in this class who has been in every
room of at least one building on campus.
g) Every student in this class has been in at least one
room of every building on campu
2. Express each of these system specifications using predicates, Nested
quantifiers, and logical connectives, if necessary. quantifiers
a) Every user has access to exactly one mailbox.
b) There is a process that continues to run during all error
conditions only if the kernel is working correctly.
c) All users on the campus network can access all websites
whose url has a .edu extension.
∗d) There are exactly two systems that monitor every
remote
server.
3. Express each of these mathematical statements using Nested
predicates, quantifiers, logical connectives, and quantifiers
mathematical
operators.
a) The product of two negative real numbers is positive.
b) The difference of a real number and itself is zero.
c) Every positive real number has exactly two square
roots.
d) A negative real number does not have a square root
that is a real number.
4. Nested
quantifiers

5. Express each of these statements using quantifiers. Then Nested

form the negation of the statement so that no negation is quantifiers
to the left of a quantifier. Next, express the negation in
simple English. (Do not simply use the phrase “It is not
the case that.”)
a) Every student in this class has taken exactly two
mathematics
classes at this school.
b) Someone has visited every country in theworld except
Libya.
c) No one has climbed every mountain in the Himalayas.
d) Every movie actor has either been in a movie with
Kevin Bacon or has been in a movie with someone
who has been in a movie with Kevin Bacon.
6. 3. What rule of inference is used in each of these arguments? Rules of
a) Alice is a mathematics major. Therefore, Alice is either inference
a mathematics major or a computer science major.
b) Jerry is a mathematics major and a computer science
major. Therefore, Jerry is a mathematics major.
c) If it is rainy, then the pool will be closed. It is rainy.
Therefore, the pool is closed.
d) If it snows today, the university will close. The university
is not closed today. Therefore, it did not snow
today.
e) If I go swimming, then I will stay in the sun too long.
If I stay in the sun too long, then I will sunburn. Therefore,
if I go swimming, then I will sunburn.
7. For each of these collections of premises, what relevant Rules of
conclusion or conclusions can be drawn? Explain the inference
rules of inference used to obtain each conclusion from
the premises.
 a) “If I take the day off, it either rains or snows.” “I took
Tuesday off or I took Thursday off.” “It was sunny on
Tuesday.” “It did not snow on Thursday.”
b) “If I eat spicy foods, then I have strange dreams.” “I
have strange dreams if there is thunder while I sleep.”
“I did not have strange dreams.”
c) “I am either clever or lucky.” “I am not lucky.” “If I
am lucky, then I will win the lottery.”
d) “Every computer science major has a personal computer.”
“Ralph does not have a personal computer.”
“Ann has a personal computer.”
e) “What is good for corporations is good for the United
States.” “What is good for the United States is good
for you.” “What is good for corporations is for you to
buy lots of stuff.”
f ) “All rodents gnaw their food.” “Mice are rodents.”
“Rabbits do not gnaw their food.” “Bats are not rodents.”
8. . Show that if n is an integer and n3 + 5 is odd, then n is proofs
even using
a) a proof by contraposition.
b) a proof by contradiction.
9. Use a proof by contraposition to show that if x + y ≥ 2, proofs
where x and y are real numbers, then x ≥ 1 or y ≥ 1.