PART C

16. a Find the displacement thickness, Momentum thickness and the energy thickness for the velocity
2
distribution in the boundary layer given by u/U = 2(y/δ)- (y/δ) (15 Marks; 2016)

Question solved in class well as in unit test II code b and as assignment

15. b Explain Reynolds Experiment (5 Marks; 2016)

Reynolds Experiments
The flow in closed conduit ( flow in pipe ) is differ from this occur in open channel where the flow in
pipe is at a pressure ( does not have a free surface ) .

The flow in pipe can be demonstrated such as :-

 Laminar flow
 Transitional flow
 Turbulent flow

To distinction between the above features , the well known “ Reynold, s Number” can be used ,
according to experiments that given by “ Osborn Reynold in 19th century “ .

1-Reynold’s Experiment: In 1883, Osborne Reynolds demonstrated that there are two distinctly
different types of flow by injecting a very thin stream of colored fluid having the same density of
water into a large transparent tube through which water is flowing.

And from the feature of streaming this dye fluid , Reynold gave a number can be considered as a
boundary between flow faces , this number is a function of , flow velocity , fluid density , pipe
diameter , and fluid viscosity , where ; R= f (V , ρ , υ (or μ ) , D ) …………………….. (1)

and then ,

R= VDρ/μ or R = VD/υ ;

Where R= Reynolds No., μ = dynamic viscosity , υ = kinematic viscosity . See Figure(1) , below
for Reynold”s experiments;
15. c Derive Darcy Weibach equation for the loss of head due to friction in pipes (15 Marks; 2016)

Darcy Weibach Derivation been solved in class well as in unit test II code b and as assignment