15/07/2020

Probability-2
Prepared by:
Engr. Jude L. Rosales, CE
July 15, 2020

Probability
Single Event 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦=𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 / 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠

Dependent and Independent Events

Two or more events are said to be dependent if the happening of one affects the probability of the
happening of the others, and independent if the happening of one does not affect the probability of the
happening of the others.
The probability of happening of two or more independent or dependent events is the product of their
individual probabilities.
𝑃 = 𝑃1 𝑥𝑃2 𝑥𝑃3 …

1
 15/07/2020

Mutually Exclusive Events

Two or more events are said to be Mutually Exclusive if it is impossible for more than one of them to
happen in a single trial. The probability that some one, two or more mutually exclusive events to
happen is the sum of their individual probabilities.
𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + ⋯

Mutually Inclusive Events

Two or more events are said to be Mutually Inclusive if it is possible for more than one of them to
happen in a single trial. The probability that some one, two or more mutually exclusive events to
happen is the sum of their individual probabilities.
𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + ⋯ - 𝑃𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
or (Apply Principle of Venn Diagram)

22. A jar of candies contains 4 mints, 6 toffees and 3 chocolates. Find the probability of getting a mint if
one candy is picked at random?
a. 6/13 c. 10/13
b. 4/13 d. 3/13

2
 15/07/2020

23. Find the probability of getting a face card if a card is picked at random from a deck of 52 cards?
a. 3/13 c. 5/13
b. 4/13 d. 7/13

24. In a deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting an ace or a king if one card is picked at random?
a. 2/13 c. 3/13
b. 4/13 d. 5/13

3
 15/07/2020

25. If a pair of dice is tossed, what is the probability of getting a total of 6 or 12?
a. 2/3 c. 1/3
b. 5/6 d. 1/6

26. In a deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting an ace or a heart if one card is picked at random?
a. 1/13 c. 2/13
b. 3/13 d. 4/13

4
 15/07/2020

27. On a TV quiz show, a contestant is asked to pick an integer at random from the first 100 consecutive
positive integers, that is, the integers from 1 to 100. If the number picked is divisible by 9 or 12, the contestant
will win a free trip to Boracay. What is the probability that the contestant will win the trip?
a. 11/100 c. 13/100
b. 17/100 d. 19/100

28. The politicians filed the certificate of candidacies to run for town mayor in Baguio. A survey is taken a
month before the election asking 400 registered votes which candidate they will vote for in the elections. The
result of the survey are as follows:
Candidates No. of votes garnered
A 150
B 130
C 120
What is the probability that a voter will vote for A during the election?
a. 0.300 c. 0.350
b. 0.375 d. 0.325

5
 15/07/2020

29. A dart target consists of three concentric circles with different radii 1, 3 and 5 units. If a dark thrower
always hits within the circle of 5 unit radius but hit the area randomly, what is the probability that a dart hits
the area between the 1 unit radius circle and 3 unit radius circle?
a. 11/25 c. 3/5
b. 9/25 d. 8/25

30. A box contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls. If 2 balls are drawn in succession. What is the
probability that both are black if the first ball is not replaced before the second is drawn?
a. 2/5 c. 2/15
b. 1/5 d. 1/15

6
 15/07/2020

31. A box contains 8 green, 9 red, and 12 white balls. If 15 balls are picked at random without
replacement, what is the probability of picking 3 green, 8 red, and 4 white balls?
a. 0.00332 c. 0.00352
b. 0.00322 d. 0.00342

32. A box contains 3 green, 4 red, and 5 white balls. If 2 balls are picked at random without replacement,
what is the probability that both are the same color?
a. 19/66 c. 29/66
b. 23/66 d. 31/66

7
 15/07/2020

33. A box contains 3 green, 4 red, and 5 white balls. If 2 balls are picked at random without replacement,
what is the probability that both are of different colors?
a. 37/66 c. 47/66
b. 43/66 d. 35/66

34. A classroom contains 71 students. 10 of them are Chinese, 24 are Japanese, and 37 Filipinos. If 3 of
students are randomly asked to get out of the room, one after the other. What is the probability that all 3
students are Chinese?
a. 0.0021 c. 0.0029
b. 0.0028 d. 0.0019

8
 15/07/2020

35. A classroom contains 71 students. 10 of them are Chinese, 24 are Japanese, and 37 Filipinos. If 3 of
students are randomly asked to get out of the room, one after the other. What is the probability that all 3
students are Japanese?
a. 0.0354 c. 0.0406
b. 0.0486 d. 0.0319

36. A classroom contains 71 students. 10 of them are Chinese, 24 are Japanese, and 37 Filipinos. If 3 of
students are randomly asked to get out of the room, one after the other. What is the probability that all 3
students are Filipinos?
a. 0.1224 c. 0.1415
b. 0.1359 d. 0.1486

9
 15/07/2020

37. A box contains 100 washers, 24 which are brass, 36 coppers, and the remainder steel. One washer is
taken at random, retained, and a second washer similarly drawn. Determine the probability that both washers
are steel.
a. 0.1480 c. 0.1600
b. 0.1576 d. 0.8000

38. A box contains 100 washers, 24 which are brass, 36 coppers, and the remainder steel. One washer is
taken at random, retained, and a second washer similarly drawn. Find the probability that the first in brass and
the second in copper.
a. 0.1296 c. 0.0873
b. 0.0864 d. 0.6000

10
 15/07/2020

39. A box contains 100 washers, 24 which are brass, 36 coppers, and the remainder steel. One washer is
taken at random, retained, and a second washer similarly drawn. Calculate the probability that the one is brass
and one is steel.
a. 0.1920 c. 0.1910
b. 0.1857 d. 0.1939

40. If a pair of dice is thrown, what is the probability of getting 2 aces in a single throw?
a. 1/18 c. 1/36
b. 1/12 d. 1/9

11
 15/07/2020

41. A box contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls. If the 2 balls are drawn in succession, what is the
probability that both are black if the first ball is replaced before the second is drawn?
a. 1/25 c. 2/25
b. 3/25 d. 4/25

42. Three Indians were practicing to hit a target. Their individual probabilities to hit a target are
respectively 1/6, 1/4, and 1/3. If only one hit the target, what is the probability that it was the first Indian?
a. 6/31 c. 31/72
b. 31/60 d. 3/28

12
 15/07/2020

42. Three Indians were practicing to hit a target. Their individual probabilities to hit a target are
respectively 1/6, 1/4, and 1/3. If only one hit the target, what is the probability that it was the first Indian?
a. 6/31 c. 31/72
b. 31/60 d. 3/28

13
 15/07/2020

43. The probability of Juan in shooting a ball is 35%. If he is given 10 shots, determine his probability of
shooting exactly 6 balls.
a. 0.0869 c. 0.0896
b. 0.0698 d. 0.0689

44. Each question in a multiple choice type of exam contains 4 possible answers. The professor gave a
short exam of 10 questions. In order to pass the exam, a student must obtain a grade of 70% or higher. Find the
probability of a student in passing the exam if he relies on guessing.
a. 0.0024 c. 0.0042
b. 0.0035 d. 0.0053

14
 15/07/2020

45. In a family of 5 children, what is the chance that there are 3 boys and 2 girls?
a. 0.46 c. 0.52
b. 0.38 d. 0.31

46. A basketball player averages 65% in a free-throw line. Find the probability that he misses one of the
two free throws?
a. 0.64 c. 0.34
b. 0.58 d. 0.46

15
 15/07/2020

47. A restaurant has three kinds of toys and is giving one toy for each purchase of a kiddie meal. Find the
probability of getting the three toys in five purchases.
a. 0.70 c. 0.62
b. 0.58 d. 0.66

48. The probability of event A happening is 3/5 and the probability of event B happening is 2/3.
Determine the probability that both events will happen.
a. 1/5 c. 4/15
b. 2/5 d. 2/15

16
 15/07/2020

49. The probability of event A happening is 3/5 and the probability of event B happening is 2/3.Find the
probability the only event A will happen.
a. 1/5 c. 2/5
b. 2/15 d. 4/15

50. The probability of event A happening is 3/5 and the probability of event B happening is 2/3. Calculate
the probability that either A or B will happen.
a. 8/15 c. 7/15
b. 4/15 d. 11/15

17
 15/07/2020

51. A production line estimates that 1.5% of the items if produces is defective. In a package containing
200 items. Determine the probability that no item is defective.
a. 0.3528 c. 0.0487
b. 0.2246 d. 0.4215

52. A production line estimates that 1.5% of the items if produces is defective. In a package containing
200 items. Find the probability that two items are defective.
a. 0.4215 c. 0.3528
b. 0.2248 d. 0.0487

18
 15/07/2020

53. A production line estimates that 1.5% of the items if produces is defective. In a package containing
200 items. Calculate the probability that more than three times are defective.
a. 0.0487 c. 0.4215
b. 0.3528 d. 0.2246

54. A sawing machine in a shop in Baguio breaks down an average of three times per month. Using the
Poisson probability distribution formula. Solve the probability that during the next month this machine will
have exactly two breakdowns.
a. 0.224 c. 0.199
b. 0.577 d. 0.423

19
 15/07/2020

55. A sawing machine in a shop in Baguio breaks down an average of three times per month. Using the
Poisson probability distribution formula. Compute the probability that during the next month this machine will
have at most one breakdown.
a. 0.224 c. 0.199
b. 0.577 d. 0.423

56. A sawing machine in a shop in Baguio breaks down an average of three times per month. Using the
Poisson probability distribution formula. Determine the probability that during the next month this machine
will have at least three breakdowns.
a. 0.224 c. 0.199
b. 0.577 d. 0.423

20
 15/07/2020

57. Three marksmen simultaneously shoot and hit a rapidly spinning spherical target. What is the
probability that three points of impact lie on the same hemisphere?
a. 0 c. 1
b. 1/2 d. 2/3

58. What is the probability of getting 53 Mondays in a leap year?

a. 3/8 c. 2/7
b. 1/5 d. 4/9

21
 15/07/2020

Urn A contains 4 white all and 2 red balls. Urn B contains 3 red balls and 3 black balls. An urn is randomly
selected, and then a ball inside of that urn is removed. We then repeat the process of selecting an urn and
drawing out a ball, without returning the first ball. What is the probability that the first ball drawn was red,
given that the second ball drawn was black?
a. 7/30
b. 7/60
c. 7/120
d. 7/15

22