KULIAH 8

MIGRASI: DASAR
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA
 Pengenalan:
Dasar Kerajaan Malaysia
Menggalakkan import
pekerja asing dalam sektor
ekonomi tertentu
Bersifat sementara (Kontrak) -
2 -5 tahun
Menghalang settlement yang
tetap pekerja asing
MALAYSIA – RICH AND BOOMING
 NEEDS 5 MILLION FOREIGN
WORKERS by2013.
  Dua kementerian
bertanggungjawab berkaitan
kemasukan pekerja asing di
Siapa Bertanggungjawab Malaysia:
 1. Kementerian Dalam Negeri
 Berkaitan peraturan, undang2,
akta
 Cth Immigration Act 1959/63
 2. Ministry of Human Resources
 Penggajian pekerja asing
 Dijelaskan dengan detail dalam:
 a.The Policy on Foreign Workers
(buku panduan dasar)
 b.Procedures and Terms to hire
Foreign Workers’ (Prosedur dan
Syarat-syarat penggajian Pekerja
Asing di Malaysia).
 Fasa 1
 Berlaku kekurangan - 1957
pekerja -1970
sejak 1950an.
◦ Perkembangan ekonomi
 Untuk mengawal kemasukan pekerja asing
◦ the Immigration Act 1959/63 di gubal
 1968 - the Employment Restriction Act diperkenalkan
◦ Majikan (dalam sektor tertentu) perlu mohon permit
kerja utk pekerja asing yg mrk ambil
 Kritikan - Polisi Malaysia terhadap pekerja asing fasa 1:
◦ Kurang Koordinasi
◦ Bersifat reactive rather than proactive
 Belum wujud ‘comprehensive policy’
 TYPE OF FOREIGN WORKERS
 Documented Foreign Worker

 Enter legally and is employed under a valid temporary

employment visit pas (TEVP) issued by the Department of
Immigration
 Entitled to the protection and benefits provided under the
various labour laws and regulations enforced in Malaysia
 Generally employed in lower and unskilled jobs
 Expatriate

 Issued with employment pass

 Allowed to bring spouses and family into the country
 Employed in executive and higher managerial and
technical jobs
 Undocumented Foreign Worker

 Enter and work in the country in breach of Immigration

Laws
 Not eligible for protection under the law ( contract void)
 Vulnerable to exploitation and abuse
LEGISLATION APPLICABLE TO FOREIGN
WORKERS
 Employment Act 1955 (Peninsular Malaysia)‫‏‬
 Sabah Labour Ordinance (State of Sabah)‫‏‬
 Sarawak Labour Ordinance (State of Sarawak)‫‏‬
 Workmen's Compensation Act 1952
 Workers’ Minimum Standard of Housing and Amenities Act 1990
 Children and Young Persons Act 1966
 Industrial Relations Act 1967
 Trade Unions Act 1959
 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
 Wages Council Act 1947
 Immigration Act 1959/60
 RIGHT OF FOREIGN WORKERS.
Right of Fws to:
 1. Statutory benefits under the Employment Act 1955 such as payment of
wages, hours of work, shift work, overtime work, rest day, rest day pay, paid
holidays, annual leave, paid sick leave etc;

 2. Social security coverage under the Workmen’s Compensation Act 1952;

 3. Written contract of services stipulating the agreed terms and condition of

employment;

 4. Legal remedy through the Labour Court or Industrial Court System; and

 5. Enforce the terms and condition of service in the contract of service

through the labour court.
 Fasa ke 2 1980 – 1997
 1980an – tindakan serius kerajaan menangani
kebanjiran (influx) imigran
 Diperkenalkan peraturan penggajian pekerja
asing
 Langkah kerjasama
◦ Cth MOU dengan Medan (1984)
◦ MOU dengan the Philippines (1985)
 Regularisasi pekerja (illegal) difokuskan dalam
sektor perladangan (pekerja Indonesia)
 Jumlah denda/ (punishment) menggaji PTI di
ditingkatkan
 Fasa ke 2 1980 – 1997
1984 - Perjanjian 1985 - MOU 1986 – Kebenaran
Medan dengan Filipina untuk mengambil
- Recruit Pekerja Recruit Orang pekerja dari Bangla
Indonesia dlm Gaji dari Filipina desh bekerja dlm sektor
perladangan Perladangan

1989 –
Regularization
utk Pekerja
Indonesia

1 Feb 1987- Akta Imigresin Baru

- Mengetatkan kawalan di Sempadan
- FSTF di tubuhkan
- Denda yang tinggi untuk Majikan yang menggaji Illegal
immigrants
 FASA 3 - 1998 – 2000
 Krisis Kewangan Di ASEAN – 1997
◦ GDP Malaysia - 8.5 % between
1991-1997
◦ 1998 – pertumbuhan ekonomi
negatif
 Tindakan kerajaan
◦ Kadar pengangguran meningkat
2.6 % - 1997 kepada 3.9 % pada
1998
◦ Kurangkan pekerja asing (2 juta)
 Penahanan PTI
 mass deportations
 Amnesty - 187,486,000 (1998)
Fasa 3 - 1998 – 2000
 WHIPPED/Canning
(Diperkenalkan – 1998)
 Fasa ke 4 - 2001- 2007
2001- Ekonomi Malaysia pulih
◦ GDP meningkat ke 6.9
Keperluan pekerja asing meningkat
Pembekuan pengambilan pekerja
asing dibatalkan
2002 - 847,021 pekerja asing (legal)
Bila pendatang meningkat (drastik)–
kerajaan perkenal undang2 &
peraturan untuk mengawal
 Fasa ke 4 - 2001-
August 1 2002 2007
Amendments to the
Immigration ActAct
1959/63 Oct 2004 - Feb 2005 2006
Launching two amnesty Government
exercises established ‘One Stop
Processing Center’ to
process application to
Introduce new clauses recruit foreign workers
– employer sanctions
for harboring &
trafficking illegal March 2005 Dec 2006
workers
Massive crackdown on A special court for
- fines & jail sentences undocumented undocumented
for falsification of migrants immigrants was
official documents
established

Introducing Ops Tegas

2005
The task of combating illegal Oct 2007
Government introduced immigrants shifted from the
“out-sourcing agencies” Police to para-military Ban on Bangladeshi
workers
organization - RELA
 Labor Department
Recruiting Process -Getting New
JCS (30 days)
Workers
License

Immigration (OSC)

Quota
Recruiting Landing
EMPLOYERS Agents
(Malaysia Letter
)
Indonesian Consulate

Demand Letter
> 50 workers
Recruiting Agents
(Indonesia)
JCS – Job Clearing System
OSC – One Stop Centre Visa Suria
(GroWarisan)
Fit Workers
Un-Fit Workers
 Recruiting Process – (U-Turn) Labor Department

JCS (30 days)

MIGRANT License
WORKERS

Immigration (OSC)

Quota
Landing
Recruiting Letter
Agents
EMPLOYERS (Malaysia)

Recruiting Agents
(Indonesia)

JCS – Job Clearing System Visa Suria

OSC – One Stop Centre (Growarisan)
Growarisan – Medical Examination
Fit Workers
Un-Fit Workers
 Foreign Worker Approval According to Type of
Crop, Area and Number of Workers for
Plantation Sector

•8 •4 •3.6
Hectares Hectares Hectares

Oil Palm Rubber Cocoa

 TYPES OF FEES /LEVY TO RECRUIT NEW WORKERS

EMPLOYERS

Immigration Recruiting Visa Suria Labor

Agents (GroWarisan) Department

ITEMS AMOUNT
ITEMS AMOUN ITEMS AMOUNT ITEMS AMOUNT
(RM)
T (RM) (RM) (RM)
Bank 80.00
Levy 360.00 Male 190.00 Service 12.00
Guarantee
Tax
Work Pass 60.00 Insurance 82.06 Female 200.00
TOTAL 12.00
Processing 10.00 Transportation 185.00 Service for 95.00
Handling Fee 250.00 Visa Suria
Visa 15.00
TOTAL 485.00
Indonesia 100.00
Multiple 15.00 Government
Visa Total cost = RM 1, 658.02
Tax RM 1, 668.02 (F)
TOTAL 460.00 Service 200.00
Charge Passport Indonesia = RM 750.00 (Without
Biometric)
Service Tax 12.00
(Nunukan Agent) RM 1,500.00 (With Biometric)
TOTAL 909.06
 EMPLOYERS

WAGES LABOR SHORTAGE STRATEGIES

TASKS AMOUNT
(RM) % 20 -30% Peak Season
HARVESTING RM 20.00 – Relocate Same / different
FACTORS
RM 25.00 Per the economic sector
Metric Ton workers
FERTILIZER RM 14.00 – Peak Season
(need more Work Over Time
RM16.00 Per Incentive
day workers)

HERBECIDE RM 15.00 –
Abscondment
RM 17.00 Per
( 25 %)
day

INCENTIVES

OVER TARGET (eg; RM 1.00 –

Company’s target was RM2.00 PER
100 metric ton a month, METRIC TON
but the workers
produced more than 100
OVERTIME (SATURDAY & RM2.00-3.00
MONDAY) EXTRA
 Rate of Levy According to Sectors/Positions
SABAH &
SECTORS/POSITIONS WEST MALAYSIA SARAWAK
MANUFACTURING RM 1,200.00 RM 960.00
CONSTRUCTION RM 1,200.00 RM 960.00
PLANTATION RM 540.00 RM 540.00
AGRICULTURE RM 360.00 RM 360.00
SERVICES
RESTAURANT RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
CLEANING RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
CARGO HANDLING RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
LAUNDRY RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
BARBER RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
RETAIL BUSINESS & RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
WHOLESALE
TEXTILE BUSINESS RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00
METAL PRODUCT RM 1,800.00 RM 1,440.00

WELFARE HOME RM 600.00 RM 600.00

RESORT ISLAND RM 1,200.00 RM 960.00
DOMESTIC WORKERS
FIRST RM 360.00 RM 360.00
SECOND RM 540.00 RM 540.00
THIRD RM 540.00 RM 540.00
FOURTH & NEXT RM 540.00 RM 540.00
RELA- The New Enforcers
(2005)
 Non-payment of TYPES OF COMPLAINT
wages/statutory benefits (o /
time)‫‏‬
 Wages paid is less than what
was agreed in the contract
 Excessive deduction from
wages (without consent
and/or approval)‫‏‬
 Job specification differs from
the original offer
 Long working hours without
compensation / rest
 Annual leave / rest days not
granted
 Forced to work with different
employers
 Abusive act of employers
 Poor living conditions
 Dasar/Polisi Negara Post 2007 - Now

2007 -Pindaan Akta

Anti Pemerdagangan
Orang kepada Akta
Anti Pemerdagangan MOU diantara 6P
Orang dan Anti Malaysia – (Julai 2011)
Bangladesh (26 PENDAFTARAN,
penyeludupan Nov 2012)
Migran PEMUTIHAN,
Menangani PENGAMPUNAN,
Jenayah PEMANTAUAN,
Rentasi PENGUATKUASAAN
MOU baru Malaysia – sempadan.
dan PENGUSIRAN
Indonesia (Mei 2011)
Pengambilan Orang Minimum Wages
Gaji Indonesia (Gaji Royal Commission RM900.00
Baru) of Inquiry (RCI) (January 2013)
Employment Act,
(2012) - I.C Palsu 1955

MOU Malaysia –
Bangladesh G-to-G ESSCOM
(26 Nov 2012) (outSourcing (Feb 2013)
Pengambilan kembali Agency)
Pekerja Bangladesh
Pantai Timur Sabah
(Dec 2012)
 Outsourcing diperkenal Contract Violated but
2005 What Can We Do?
 Pengurursan G-to-G -
Mengelakkan exploitasi dari
agensi outsourcing
 11 Dec 2012- FOMCA
mencadangkan kerajaan
melaksanakan pengambilan
pekerja antara G-to-G
 Kes abuse (2 Dec 2012) –
Jabatan Imigresion Port Kelang
menyelamatkan 105 wanita yg
dikurung dlm bangunan 4 tgt
agensi Org Gaji di Bandar Baru
Kelang
 Ditempatkan dlm safe House –
kementerian wanita, keluarga
dan pembangunan komuniti
 Kesimpulan
 Polisi kerajaan terhadap pekerja asing sentiasa
berubah, dan diubahsuai mengikut keadaan
ekonomi dan politik semasa
 Penganalisis (e.g. Kurus, 1998; Sadiq, 2005; Azizah,
2008) berpendapat:
◦ Bila jumlah pekerja asing (legal) dan PTI mula
meningkat, sukar dikawal dan menimbulkan
masalah, barulah kerajaan mengambil tindakan
tegas untuk menyelesaikan masalah pekerja
asing yang semakin meningkat
◦ Cth Penubunhan Eastern Sabah Security
Command (ESSCOM) 2013