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Abnormalitiesofcordplacenta 140706120521 Phpapp01 PDF
Abnormalitiesofcordplacenta 140706120521 Phpapp01 PDF
4 vessel cord :
- Quiet uncomman
- May be a venous remnannt
- Association with CMF is not clear
Absence of one umbilical artery
Incidence :
› 1.1% in singleton pregnancies
› 8.7% in twin gestations
› Spontaneous abortion
33% between 9th & 12th wks AOG
26 % between 13th & 16th
Incidence : 1 in 5200 pregnancies
Incidence :
› 1 loop of Nuchal cord 20-34%
› 2 loops of nuchal cord 2.5-5%
› 3 loops of nuchal cord 0.2-0.5%
Associated with-
› Short cord
› Trauma
› Entanglement
May result from rupture of varyx(venous)
May be iatrogenic
May be found along the course of the cord
True cysts:
› Epithelium lined
› Remnants of the allantois
› Coexist with patent urachus
False Cysts:
Due to degeneration of wharton’s jelly.
Single cyst may resolve completely
Multiple cysts may be associated with miscarriage
/aneuploidy.
Focal narrowing of cord diameter near fetal
insertion
Pathological findings- absent of wharton’s
jelly and stenosis of cord vessels.
Most cases are still borns.
Hematoma
› Usually results from rupture of varix, usually of
umbilical vein with effusion of blood into cord
Stricture
› Most but not all infants with cord stricture are
stillborn
› Assoc with an extreme focal deficiency in
wharton’s jelly
Meconium staining
› Staining of amniotic membrane within 1-3 hrs
after meconium passage
› Neonatal mortality rate
3.3% in the group with meconium-stained
membrane compared with 1.7% in those without
staining