PARASITOLGY

Topic: Cestodes
Worksheet -1
Name: ALMAZAN, DENIKA E. Crs.Yr.: BMLS-2A Date: June 22, 2020

Scientific name Habitat Infective stage Intermediate Mode of Pathology Prevention and
(Cestode) host Transmission Control
1. Mesocestoides Small infective larva arthropod infection due May cause Cook meat well
spp. intestines (tetrathyridium to ingestion of Mesocestoidiasis.
) proglottids or Infections with
oncospheres Mesocestoides spp.
reported in humans have
typically involve low
numbers of worms.
Non-specific, recurrent
gastrointestinal
signs/symptoms have
been reported.
To date, no larval-stage
infections (tetrathyridia)
have been identified in
humans.
2. Raillietina Small Cysticercoid Tribolum Ingestion May cause Raillietina Measures to avoid
garrisoni intestines larva confusum infection. Most cases are that the feed
(Flour beetle) asymptomatic; the becomes
presence of white, contaminated with
motile proglottids in the ants or beetles are
stool typically prompts advisable. For the
 clinical attention. same reason fly
However, among control is also
published case reports, recommended.
gastrointestinal However, for both
disturbances and other economic and
vague complaints (e.g. ecologic reasons the
irritability, nausea) have use of insecticides
been described. Nearly against ants and
all known cases have beetles outdoors is
been from young not justified
children.
3. Spirometra Small Plerocercoid Copepods Drinking May cause Sparganosis. The immature forms
mansonoides intestines larva water Migrating spargana of Spirometra spp.
contaminated cause various symptoms are resistant to
with infected depending on the final praziquantel and
copepods or location in the host. mebendazole, and
consuming Spargana may locate currently there is no
the flesh of an anywhere, including recommended drug
under-cooked subcutaneous tissue, therapy for
second breast, orbit, urinary sparganosis.
intermediate tract, pleural cavity, Surgical removal of
or paratenic lungs, abdominal viscera the complete
host. and the central nervous sparganum is the
system. The migration in best treatment.
subcutaneous tissues is
usually painless, but
when spargana settle in
the brain or spine a
variety of neurological
 symptoms may occur,
including weakness,
headache, seizure, and
abnormal skin
sensations, such as
numbness or tingling. If
the inner ear is involved,
the patient may
experience vertigo or
deafness. Occasionally,
Sparganum proliferum
can cause proliferative
lesions in the infected
tissue, with multiple
plerocercoids present in
a single site.
4. Taenia asiatica Small Oncospheres Pigs Ingestion the T. asiatica infection in Praziquantel at a
intestines develop into infective human is usually single dose of 150
cysticerci in larvae called asymptomatic. In pigs mg is the most
muscle cysticercus cysticercus has a effective medication
from raw or tendency to produce against T. asiatica
undercooked cysticercosis. Cysts are without causing side
meat, or formed in vital organs effects.
viscera of such as liver and lungs.
pigs. A possibility that T.
asiatica can cause
cysticercosis in humans
is highly conjectured.
5. Echinococcus Small Embryonated Rodents ingestion the Alveolar echinococcosis Surgical resection of
multilocularis intestines eggs cyst- (AE), an infection with the entire larval
containing the larval form of mass, usually by
organs of the Echinococcus excision of the entire
infected multilocularis, causes affected lobe of the
intermediate serious disease in liver, is the preferred
host various climate zones of treatment; when
the northern hemisphere. involvement is
The liver is primarily extensive, wedge
affected. Primary resections of the
disease in other organs lesion can be
is extremely rare but attempted. Because
metastases are regularly alveolar
observed in advanced echinococcosis often
disease. Untreated is not diagnosed
infections have a high until disease is
fatality rate. advanced, the lesion
often is inoperable.

Long-term treatment
with mebendazole
(50 mg/kg/day) or
albendazole
(15 mg/kg/day)
inhibits growth of
larval E.
multilocularis,
reduces metastasis,
and enhances the
quality and length of
 survival; prolonged
therapy eventually
can be larvicidal in
some patients.

Note: 1. Give only 5 Cestodes which are not mentioned in the learning material given
2. Pathology of the parasite must be briefly described with a maximum of 3 sentences and a maximum of 5 sentences only.