MARPL1-206 INCLUSIVE URBAN PLANNING

Brief detail on
PLANNING INTERVENTIONS
•Inclusive zoning
•Policies &Standards

Submitted to:
Ar. Kapil Arora

Submitted by:
Lakshay Goyal
191120003
 Context
• Urbanization has been one of the most significant driving forces of
recent global development.

• More than half the world’s population now lives in cities, and this
proportion will continue to increase rapidly to reach 70% by 2050.

• urbanization has the potential to create opportunities for a better

life, provide a pathway out of poverty and act as an engine of
economic growth.

• cities are often focal points for activities that are critical to the
development of an entire country, such as trade and commerce,
government, transport, etc. Cities currently account for
approximately 80% of GDP generated worldwide.
• But while urbanization is moving the global economy forward,
rising inequality and exclusion within cities can derail
development progress.

• In that context, the international community has

acknowledged the need to create more inclusive cities, and to
make sure that people can reap the benefits of urbanization.

• Despite wide recognition and commitment, building inclusive

cities remains a challenge. Today, one out of three urban
residents in the developing world still lives in slums with
inadequate services.

• The majority of future urban growth is expected to take place

in Asia and Africa, regions that are home to some of the
poorest countries in the world.
Framework for understanding the urban context
INCLUSIVE CITY : RHONDA DOUGLAS

• An inclusive city is one that values all people and their

needs equally.
• It is one in which all residents—including the most
marginalized of poor workers
• have a representative voice in
➢ governance,
➢ planning,
➢ budgeting processes,
• have access to
➢ sustainable livelihoods,
➢ legal housing
• affordable basic services such as
➢ water/sanitation
➢ electricity supply

• Does not distinguish between formal and informal Sector

of the society.
• Inclusive urbanization seeks to address issues in access to urban
services and the equitability of the urban socio-economic structure
through ensuring that all participants have access to the same level
of services and opportunities as each other.

• Most often this manifests through ensuring that rights for

marginalized or previously-excluded groups, such as women and
children, migrant workers or refugees, are accounted for in planning
policies, and plans that may exclude these groups are modified to
accommodate them equally
Need of inclusive city

Dimensions of Urban poverty

Need of inclusive city
• Cities provide opportunities and better living conditions for
all, it is essential to understand that the concept of
inclusive cities involves a complex web of multiple spatial,
social and economic factors:

▪ Spatial inclusion: urban inclusion requires providing affordable

necessities such as housing, water and sanitation. Lack of access
to essential infrastructure and services is a daily struggle for
many disadvantaged households;

▪ Social inclusion: an inclusive city needs to guarantee equal

rights and participation of all, including the most marginalized.
Recently, the lack of opportunities for the urban poor, and
greater demand for voice from the socially excluded have
exacerbated incidents of social upheaval in cities;

▪ Economic inclusion: creating jobs and giving urban residents the

opportunity to enjoy the benefits of economic growth is a
critical component of overall urban inclusion.
• Urbanization has little benefit for marginalized communities, like
women and children, the inhabitants of informal settlements, or
migrant workers.

• These groups can be left behind by an urbanization approach that

disproportionately benefits those who already have access to the
formal rights of the city, for example right to land and work.

• Inequalities in the urban system arise primarily from policy decisions

made by the urban governing body, or by national governments in
their larger-scale urbanization plans.

• Examples of this can be seen in the growth of informal settlements in

cities worldwide, where greater demand for urban services that
capacity to service populations has led to communities of
marginalized individuals living outside of the remit of the formal city,
yet still attempting to participate in the city's economic processes.
Inclusive city & Smart City
• Inclusive cities are not identical to smart city.

• Smart Cities can support the creation of Inclusive cities.

• ICT technology can support democratic participation /

sharing of information through crowd-sourcing of opinions/
desires/ exchange of information via open source platforms.
▪ "smart" city by definition to be an inclusive city.
▪ a city where everyone can participate.
Effects of Unsustainable development
• Unsustainable planning practices can have a significant impact
on the lives of city inhabitants who are marginalized, either
through identity or economic status.
• These practices include those commonly associated with
developing cities according to an economic growth-promoting
model, such as the construction of new transport
infrastructure designed for private transport (e.g. highways),
as well as middle-high income housing complex development,
and the provision of new secondary and tertiary industrial
spaces in urban centers.
• These practices can lead to the exclusion of citizens who
cannot meet the requirements of participating in the city as it
exists, for example those with limited access to transport such
as those on the periphery of urban areas.
• These individuals and groups will often exist outside of the
formal infrastructure of the city, such as through inhabiting
city space in an informal manner, or otherwise being excluded
from the formal functions of the city, which can lead toa lack
of access to urban services such as electricity and water
supply, or a lack of access to gainful employment, security of
land tenure or social services such as childcare.
Inclusive urban development approach
Objectives of Inclusive city
• Achieve smart growth
• Smart growth is about finding best way to do things sustainably
• cities need economic growth for people
• to earn good livelihood and
• enjoy a good quality of life

• Do more with less– cities need enough money to

• accomplish all it wants /needs to do.
• cities must collect, manage, and spend their resources
effectively and efficiently

• Win support for change: City leaders need to;

• deliver fast, positive, and visible results,
• to build support for more change.
• Based on high-performing civil servants-- made accountable
• for their work—Singapore model