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14 Aug 2020: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

14 Aug 2020 CNA:- Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related
B. GS 2 Related
POLITY AND GOVERNANCE
1. Arunachal groups push for 6th Schedule status
2. ‘Consider more languages in govt.’
3. PM announces taxpayers’ charter
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Australia shares experience on 5G
2. UAE, Israel reach agreement to establish diplomatic ties
3. India announces $500 mn package for the Maldives
C. GS 3 Related
INTERNAL SECURITY
1. Ravi no-show at NSCN-IM informal talks
D. GS 4 Related
E. Editorials
POLITY AND GOVERNANCE
1. Right by birth
SOCIAL ISSUES
1. Historic ratification
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Independent but not alone
F. Prelims Facts
G. Tidbits
1. Amid COVID-19, an ‘infrastructure census’
1. ‘Selling EVs sans battery compromises warranty’
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions Leave a message

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8/15/2020 UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis. August 14th, 2020 CNA Download PDF

A. GS 1 Related
Nothing here for today!!!

B. GS 2 Related
Category: POLITY AND GOVERNANCE
1. Arunachal groups push for 6th Schedule status
Context:
Political parties and community-based groups are demanding for Arunachal Pradesh to be
brought under the ambit of the Sixth Schedule or Article 371 (A) of the Constitution.
Details:
There is a revival of the demand for two autonomous councils in Arunachal Pradesh.
The renewed demand is for Mon Autonomous Council (MAC) comprising
Tawang, West Kameng and parts of East Kameng districts, and
Patkai Autonomous Council (PAC) comprising Tirap, Changlang and Longding
districts.
Political parties have been seeking the inclusion of Arunachal Pradesh in the Sixth
Schedule for making the State’s indigenous communities owners of all the natural
resources instead of being protectors only.
Why is inclusion in the 6th Schedule being demanded?
Arunachal Pradesh is under the Fifth Schedule that does not provide special rights for
the indigenous communities, unlike the Sixth Schedule.
While executive powers of the union extend in scheduled areas with respect to their
administration in the 5th Schedule; the 6th Schedule areas remain within the executive
authority of the state.
While the 5th schedule envisages the creation of Tribal Advisory Council, the 6th
Schedule provides for District Councils and Regional Councils with certain legislative
and judicial powers.

6th Schedule:

The Sixth Schedule consists of provisions for the administration of tribal areas
according to Article 244 of the Indian Constitution.
The Schedule currently includes 10 autonomous district councils (ADCs) in four
northeastern States — Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura.
Along with ADCs, the Sixth Schedule also provides for separate Regional
Councils for each area constituted as an autonomous region.
Note:
Nagaland is governed by Article 371 (A), which says that no act of Parliament
shall apply in the State in several areas unless the Nagaland Assembly so
decides by a resolution.
These include administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions
according to Naga customary law and ownership and transfer of land and its
resources.

Leave a message

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8/15/2020 UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis. August 14th, 2020 CNA Download PDF

2. ‘Consider more languages in govt.’


Context:
Chief Justice of India Sharad A. Bobde suggested that the government should consider
amending the O cial Languages Act of 1963 to:
Include more vernacular languages in governance.
Not just con ne it to Hindi and English.
Background:
The court was hearing an appeal led by the Union of India challenging the legality of
a Delhi High Court judgment to translate the draft Environment Impact Assessment
(EIA) noti cation of 2020 into all 22 vernacular languages in the Eighth Schedule of
the Constitution.
The high court had allowed the plea holding that EIA noti cation should be translated
and published in all the scheduled languages.
Details:
Scheduled languages are those languages that are listed in the 8th Schedule of the
Constitution and are given o cial recognition and encouragement by the Central
Government.
However, all o cial communication and publication of rules and noti cations by the
Central Government are in Hindi and English.
As per Article 343 of the Constitution, the o cial language of the Union is Hindi
along with English.
Further, section 3 of the O cial Languages Act states that Hindi and English shall be
used for resolutions, general orders, rules, noti cations, administrative or other
reports made by the Central Government or any of its ministries or departments.

8th Schedule of the Constitution:

The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution consists of 22 languages.


Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
The Sindhi language was added in 1967.
Thereafter, three more languages viz., Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were
included in 1992.
Subsequently, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2004.

3. PM announces taxpayers’ charter


Context:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched a “Transparent Taxation — Honouring the
Honest” platform that provides faceless assessment, faceless appeal and a taxpayers’
charter.
Details:
Some of the reforms are:
Reduction in corporate tax from 30% to 22% for existing companies and from
25% to 15% for new manufacturing companies.
Abolition of the dividend distribution tax. Leave a message

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Steps have been taken to bring in e ciency and transparency in the functioning of the
Income Tax Department, including Document Identi cation Number (DIN) and pre-
lling of income tax returns to make compliance more convenient.
How does it work?
With the help of technology, the cases of scrutiny will now be allocated randomly to
any o cial in any part of the country.
The document identi cation numbers will be issued from the central database.
A review of orders will also be done by another team at some other place, chosen
randomly using data analytics and arti cial intelligence (https://byjus.com/free-ias-
prep/arti cial-intelligence-upsc-notes/).
The o cials in the Directorate General of Income Tax (Investigation) and the Principal
Commissioner of I-T/Chief Commissioner of I-T (TDS) will be the only competent
authorities for approving survey actions to gather information for scrutiny and
assessment.
Bene ts:
In the new system, the department would escape unnecessary litigation and the
o cials would get reprieve from the energy otherwise spent on transfers and
postings.
It seeks to eliminate corrupt practices by doing away with the territorial jurisdiction of
income-tax o ces.
The platform would instil a sense of fairness and fearlessness in the taxpayers.
The efforts are directed at making the tax system seamless, painless and faceless.
The new facilities are in consonance with the government’s motto of ‘minimum
government, maximum governance’.
Note:
While the faceless assessment and taxpayers’ charter has come into force, the
faceless appeal system will be available from September 25, 2020, the birth
anniversary of Deendayal Upadhyaya.

Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS


1. Australia shares experience on 5G
Context:
Comments by senior Australian High Commission o cial on cybersecurity cooperation
between India and Australia.
Details:
There is a huge increase in cybersecurity cooperation between India and Australia.
The countries are sharing experiences on protecting critical infrastructure, including
5G networks.
In June 2020 both countries had signed a cyber and cyber-enabled critical technology
framework agreement along with the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP).
The [cyber] agreement sets out practical actions to enhance digital trade,
harness critical technology opportunities and address cybersecurity challenges.
As part of this, the two countries have been increasing information sharing and
stepping up cooperation.

Leave a message

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Another area which the two countries were exploring was of regulatory space,
including Australia’s encryption legislation, and how that could be used to prevent
cyber-enabled crime.
The categories of threats that the two countries are looking at are criminal groups,
nancial gain, sophisticated state-based actors and so on.
2. UAE, Israel reach agreement to establish diplomatic ties
Context:
The United Arab Emirates has become the rst Gulf Arab country to reach a deal on
normalising relations with Israel.
Details:
The United Arab Emirates and Israel have agreed to establish full diplomatic ties as
part of a deal to halt the annexation of occupied land sought by the Palestinians for
their future state.
The development caps years of discreet contacts between the two countries in
commerce and technology.
The so-called “Abraham Agreement”, announced by United States President Donald
Trump, secures an Israeli commitment to halt further annexation of Palestinian lands
in the occupied West Bank.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has sought to build settlements on lands
sought by the Palestinians and embraced a Trump proposal that would allow him to
annex large parts of the occupied West Bank while granting Palestinians limited
autonomy in other areas.
For the UAE, it further polishes its international campaign to be seen as a beacon of
tolerance in West Asia despite being governed by autocratic rulers.
Delegations would meet to sign deals on direct ights, security, telecommunications,
energy, tourism and health care. The two countries also will partner on ghting the
COVID-19 pandemic.
It is believed that opening direct ties between two of the Middle East’s most dynamic
societies and advanced economics will transform the region by spurring economic
growth, enhancing technological innovation and forging closer people-to-people
relations.
3. India announces $500 mn package for the Maldives
Context:
Responding to a request from the Government of Maldives, India has announced its
support in the implementation of the Greater Male Connectivity project (GMCP in the
Maldives).
Details:
The nancial package comprises of a new Line of Credit (LoC) of USD 400 million and
a grant of USD 100 million.
New connectivity measures for the Maldives, including air, sea, intra-island and
telecommunications, have been announced by India.
It is an effort to help Maldives deal with the economic impact of the COVID-19
pandemic.
Among the initiatives announced are an air connectivity bubble for travel, a direct ferry
service, a submarine cable for telecom connectivity and assistance for GMCP.
Leave a message

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GMCP would be the largest civilian infrastructure project in the Maldives.


GMCP will consist of a number of bridges and causeways to connect Male to
Villingili, Thilafushi and Gulhifahu islands.
It will take much of the pressure off the main capital island of Male for
commercial and residential purposes.
Signi cance:
The President of Maldives, thanking India, termed the assistance, a landmark moment
in Maldives-India cooperation.
When completed, the project would render the Chinese-built Sinemale Friendship
bridge connecting Male to two other islands insigni cant in comparison.

C. GS 3 Related
Category: INTERNAL SECURITY
1. Ravi no-show at NSCN-IM informal talks
This issue has been covered in 12th August 2020 Comprehensive News Analysis
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam-comprehensive-news-analysis-aug12-
2020/#NSCN-IM%20releases%20details%20of%202015%20pact).

D. GS 4 Related
Nothing here for today!!!

E. Editorials
Category: POLITY AND GOVERNANCE
1. Right by birth
Context:
Supreme Court observations regarding the provisions of the Hindu Succession
(Amendment) Act, 2005.
Background:
Mitakshara law:
Mitakshara is one of the schools belonging to Hindu law dealing with property rights
and succession. Mitakshara law is still in practice across most of India except for
West Bengal and Assam where the Dayabhaga system is practiced.
The Mitakshara is a legal treatise on inheritance, written by Vijnaneshwara, a
scholar in the Western Chalukya court in the 12th century.
Mitakshara law provides the principle of division of ancestral property held by the
Hindu joint family. Partition of such landholding among offsprings is possible even
with the father still living, unlike the Dayabhaga system.
As per the law, the right to Hindu joint family property is by birth. So, a son
immediately after birth gets a right to the property. The Mitakshara School
of coparcenary recognizes the birthright of son, son’s son, son’s son’s son.
The system of devolution of property is by survivorship. The share of coparceners in
the joint family property is not de nite or ascertainable, as their shares are uctuating
with births and deaths of the coparceners.
Hindu Succession Act, 1956:
Leave a message

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The Mitakshara School of Hindu Law was codi ed as the Hindu Succession Act,
1956.
The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 only recognised males as legal heirs.
Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005:
The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 is an amendment to the Hindu
Succession Act, 1956.
The amended Hindu Succession Act gives daughters equal rights to ancestral
property.
The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 aimed to remove gender
discriminatory provisions regarding property rights in the Hindu Succession Act,
1956 by balancing the property rights of male and female siblings.
The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 had a retrospective effect with the
provision that partitions or testamentary disposition that had taken place prior to
December 20, 2004, would remain valid and unaffected by the change. This led to the
interpretation that the daughters’ coparcenary rights, being prospective, would not
come into effect unless both the coparcener father and his daughter were alive on
September 9, 2005- the date the law came into effect. This interpretation was upheld
by the Supreme Court in its 2015 judgment in the Prakash and Others vs. Phulavati
case.
Details:
The Supreme Court has recently held that a Hindu woman’s right to be a joint heir to
the ancestral property is by birth and does not depend on whether her father was
alive or not when the law was enacted in 2005.
The court has recognised that the 2005 amendment conferred equal status as a
coparcener on daughters in Hindu families governed by Mitakshara law, and this
right accrued by birth.
For more details on this, refer to:
CNA dated August 12, 2020 (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam-comprehensive-
news-analysis-aug12-
2020/#Daughters%20have%20equal%20right%20to%20inherit%20property,%20says%20S
C)
Signi cance of the verdict:
Upholding the spirit of the 2005 amendment:
The decision of the Supreme Court corrects an anomaly in the interpretation of the
2005 amendment to the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. Though the Hindu Succession
(Amendment) Act, 2005 took reformatory steps towards ending gender discrimination
with respect to property inheritance, the wrong interpretations of its provisions had
disabled many Hindu women to claim ancestral property.
By locating the origin of the coparcenary right in one’s birth, the SC’s decision has
allowed the application of this prospective legislation to be retroactive.
The SC judgment has sought to give full effect to the reformatory intent of the Hindu
Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 by setting at rest doubts arising from varying
interpretations.
Gender equality:
SC’s decision on the coparcenary rights of women is in line with the aim of ending
Leave a message
gender discrimination. The judgment helps uphold the daughter’s rights as being

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equal to that of a son and endorses gender equality.


This is in consonance with the right of equality (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/right-
to-equality/) as enshrined under Article 14, 15, & 21 of the Constitution of India.

Category: SOCIAL ISSUES


1. Historic rati cation
Context:
Rati cation of Convention no.182 of the International Labour Organization by Tonga.
Background:
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182):
The Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination
of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, known in short as the Worst Forms of Child
Labour Convention, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/ilo/)) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182.
It is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions.

Eight core International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions:

The Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29)


The Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105)
The Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention,
1948 (No. 87)
The Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98)
The Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100)
The Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111)
The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)
The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)

Under Convention No 182, a country commits itself to taking immediate action to


prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour.
Convention 182 prohibits the sexual exploitation of children, tra cking, deployment in
armed con ict and other conditions that compromise their overall well-being.
Details:
Recently, Tonga formally deposited the rati cation instruments for the ILO Convention
No 182.
This marks a historic event as it is the rst time for an International Labour
Convention to be rati ed by all member states. This marks the rst universal
rati cation of a global labour standard.
India rati ed Convention 182 and the instrument prescribing the minimum age of work
for children in 2017. This signals India’s commitment to eliminate child labour.
For more information on this issue, refer to:
CNA dated June 14, 2017 (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-2017-comprehensive-
news-analysis-june14/#At%20Geneva,)
Signi cance: Leave a message

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The Convention no 182 complements the ILO’s efforts under the 1973 Minimum Age
Convention to prevent the employment of children below a lower age threshold.
The ILO Convention no 138, concerning Minimum Age for Admission to
Employment, requires the ratifying states to pursue a national policy designed to
ensure the effective abolition of child labour and to raise progressively
the minimum age for admission to employment or work.
Under the in uence of Convention no 182 and no 138, millions of young boys and girls
have been rescued from hazardous conditions of work. Subsequently, there has been
a signi cant increase in enrolments in primary education.
The ILO conventions in general provide the necessary framework to counteract the
predominance of informality in the conditions of work.
Challenges:
Despite the impressive progress being made in the elimination of child labour,
signi cant challenges remain.
An estimated 152 million are trapped in child labour and 72 million of them are
engaged in hazardous work. This would entail signi cant ground to be covered to
achieve the ambitious goal of total abolition of child labour by 2025.
The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to undo the recent gains. COVID-19 pandemic
has led to widespread job losses, deterioration in conditions of work, decline in
household incomes and temporary school closures. These could lead to an
increase in child labour.
Additional information:
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/united-
nations-general-assembly-unga/) has unanimously adopted a resolution declaring 2021 as
the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour and has asked the
International Labour Organization to take the lead in its implementation.

Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS


1. Independent but not alone
Context:
The article authored by Ben Wallace, the United Kingdom’s Secretary of State for
Defence discusses the historic as well as contemporary defence relations between
India and the United Kingdom.
Details:
Historic ties:
India played a big role in the Second World War. Indian soldiers were involved in
British operations in Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean as well as the Paci c region.
Indians formed the largest all-volunteer force in the world, with over 2.5 million
ghting in Europe, North Africa, Singapore, Hong Kong and, Burma. India also
provided material resources for the war effort in the form of coal, iron ore and steel.
Indian non-combatants secured the supply lines for the British war efforts.
Contemporary ties:
India and the U.K. Armed Forces exercise together biannually.
The joint army Ajeya Warrior biennial exercises have been held since 2005 at
Anti Defection Law (Explained)
battalion-level strength.
Leave a message

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The joint navy Konkan annual exercises being held since 2004, include
destroyers/frigates in ship-to-ship passage exercises.
The joint air Indradhanush exercises, run since 2006 and include modern combat
aircraft.
There is Defence and International Security Partnership in the form of collaboration
in jet engine technology and cyber technology.
For more information on this topic, refer to:
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2LQFJx1AExg)
CNA dated Jan 18, 2020 (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam-comprehensive-
news-analysis-jan18-2020/#U.K.%20plans%20govt.-to-
govt.%20framework%20for%20future%20defence%20deals%20with%20India)
Seven
Daily Royal–Navy
Updates vessels operate in the Western Indian Ocean.
14/08/2020
For more
Daily Free information on this topic, refer to:
Current Affairs Notes
(https://byjus.com/current-affairs/)
CNA dated Jan
Comprehensive 20,Analysis
News 2020 (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam-comprehensive-
- 14 Aug, 2020
news-analysis-jan20-2020/#U.K.%20Navy%20chief%20seeks%20cooperation)
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam-
comprehensive-news-analysis-aug14-2020/)
The The
HinduAtmanirbhar
Video Analysis - Bharat vision
14 Aug 2020 of India can be supplemented by the Global Britain
vision to ensure collaboration in
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/hindu-video- the area of defence modernization and maritime
analysis-aug14-2020/)
technology.
PIB - 14 Aug, 2020 (https://byjus.com/free-ias-
Contemporary shared challenges
prep/upsc-pib-summary-analysis-aug14-2020/) include the current COVID-19 pandemic, piracy,
extremism
Topic and sub-conventional
of the Day – Doctrine of Eclipse warfare.
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/doctrine-of-
Conclusion:
eclipse/)
This Day in History – 14 Aug 1947 - Partition of
Given the shared values and commitments to justice, stability and free markets, there
India (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/this-day-in-
is immense potential for India-U.K. partnership to grow.
history-aug14/)
Gist of Yojana - June 2020 Issue
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam- F. Prelims Facts
preparation-gist-yojana-june-2020/)
Nothing here for today!!!
Gist of Kurukshetra - July 2020 Issue
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/gist-of-
kurukshetra-july-2020/)
G. Tidbits
UPSC 2019 Results Declared
1. Amid COVID-19, an ‘infrastructure census’
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-results/)
The Pune
Download - UPSCrural administration
Monthly has carried
Magazine - June 2020 out a gap analysis and decided on an
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-monthly-
innovative infrastructure census to plan rural works in a transparent manner while also
magazine/)
coping with the pandemic.
The rural infrastructure development works have kept its pace in Pune’s rural areas
under the APJ Abdul Kalam PURA (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas)
initiative.
Weekly Updates
AfterThis
Economy theWeek
gap(15th
survey,
June an online
to 29th June system
2020) was created on the Zilla Parishad (ZP) website
where members can log in with their
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/economy-this-week- mobile number.
15jun-to-29jun-2020/)
Members can click and see all projects proposed by the gram panchayat and add new
Gist of EPW: August 2020 Week 2
projects which may not have been set by the gram panchayat in their infrastructure
(https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/gist-of-epw-august-
census.
week-2-2020/)
Weekly GK and Current Affairs Quiz Aug 08 – Aug
Based on the level of priority, works will come before the subject committee at the ZP
14 (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-exam-
as a neat list, thus helping the committee in approving the budget.
weekly-gk-current-affairs-quiz-aug08-aug14-2020/)
The PURA system will eventually transform into a dashboard showing the status of
 View more... (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/gk-
public works suggested by the Zilla Parishad members.
current-affairs-quiz/)

2. ‘Selling EVs sans battery compromises warranty’


What’s in News? Leave a message

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Mahindra
ArchivesElectric, a market leader in battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs), has
questioned the Centre’s decision to allow the sale and registration of EVs without batteries.
August 2020
It has said that the move would end up compromising the warranty that EV
M
manufacturers provide. T W T

  The Centre’s move is aimed at cutting the cost of electric two- and three-wheelers.
Batteries account for about 30-40% of the vehicle’s cost.
Concerns have 3 been raised stating that4 the move has not been thought 5 through and 6
the industry has not been (https://byjus.com/2020/08/04/)
(https://byjus.com/2020/08/03/) consulted. (https://byjus.com/2020/08/05/) (https://byjus.com/2020/08/06/)

10
H. UPSC Prelims11Practice Questions 12 13
(https://byjus.com/2020/08/10/)
(https://byjus.com/2020/08/11/) (https://byjus.com/2020/08/12/) (https://byjus.com/2020/08/13/)

Q1. ‘Island of Crete’


17 is located in: 18 19 20

a. Eastern Mediterranean
24 Sea 25 26 27
b. South China Sea
31  
c. Indian Ocean
d. Black
« Jul Sea
(https://byjus.com/2020/07/)  

CHECK ANSWERS:-
Q2. Consider the following statements with respect to African Swine Fever:

1. It is a respiratory disease of pigs.


IAS
2. It2020 Mainsby+ type
is caused Prelims
A inTablet
uenza virus.
Course
3. It does not affect humans and spreads from animals to other animals only.
Which of the given statement/s is/are correct?
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2 and 3
CHECK ANSWERS:-
(https://shop.byjus.com/products/ias-2020-pre-
Q3. Nyishi tribes belong to which state?
mains-tablet-course)
a. Madhya Pradesh
b. Assam
c. Arunachal Pradesh
d. Manipur
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Q4. 6th Schedule of Indian Constitution consists of provisions for the administration
of tribal areas in which of the following states?

a. Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura


b. Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura
c. Assam, Mizoram, Manipur and Tripura
d. Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Manipur
CHECK ANSWERS:-
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
1. The recent Supreme Court decision on the coparcenary rights of women with respect
to inheritance is in line with the spirit of gender equality as espoused in the Hindu
Succession (Amendment) Act of 2005. Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)(GS paper
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2/Polity and Governance)

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2. Discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic threatens to undo the recent gains made in
reducing child labour in India. Also suggest necessary measures to address this
threat. (10 marks, 150 words)(GS paper2/ Social issues)
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