Medical Mechatronics

Lokeshwaran M
Types of Scan and Case study
Types of scan:
1. Computerized tomography (CT)
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3. X-Ray
4. Ultrasound
Computerized tomography (CT):
CT scan provides information about diseases and infection around the area that is scanned.
CT scan uses X ray to scan the 2 dimensional cross sectional images which is present around
the axis.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
MRI is a strong diagnosing tool which provides information about serves, muscles, ligament
and tendons. MRI scan uses strong magnetic field which gives access to produce images from
multiple planes. The images are generated using superconducting magnets and pulsed radio
waves.
X-Ray
X-Ray is a diagnostic tool which yield images of bones, tissues and organs. X-Ray uses high
electromagnetic radiation which penetrates through our body. It has been proven there is no
harm.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a diagnostic tool that lay out the different parts of our body. For example: liver,
organs, kidneys and gallbladder. It’s also very useful in identifying musculoskeletal injuries
in joints such as the shoulder, knee and ankle and it can be used to examine blood flow and to
check for any thin or blocked blood vessels. Images are generated using high frequency
sound waves. It is recommended to drink more water before taking the scan because as
ultrasound needs a medium to get its output.
 Case Study
The following images is a chest X-Ray. This scan has been taken to find any infection or air
block present near the lungs.

Fig 1: Chest X-Ray

The reason for this scan is to make sure there is no infection and air block in the lungs which
forwards to do laparoscopic surgery to remove the excess fat in the chest.
Laparoscopy involves using a specialized telescope to view the particular area, which
typically allows smaller incisions. To do this surgery the required details can be knows using
an X-Ray. In order to do this surgery, the area which is going to get surgery the part should
be without any infection.
This the various parts to diagnose with a chest X-Ray