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  • Failure of DNA Repair: Chemicals, Viruses, Irradiation, Etc. Acquired Mutations

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    Surya Prakash
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    Cancer develops through a combination of inherited and acquired genetic mutations that cause normal cells to transform into malignant tumor cells. Key events include activation of oncogenes that promote uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that normally regulate apoptosis and cell division, and failure of DNA repair mechanisms to correct mutations. This results in altered gene expression and loss of regulatory control, leading to primary tumor formation, local invasion, angiogenesis, and potentially metastasis to distant sites where secondary tumors can develop.

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    Cancer develops through a combination of inherited and acquired genetic mutations that cause normal cells to transform into malignant tumor cells. Key events include activation of oncogenes that promote uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that normally regulate apoptosis and cell division, and failure of DNA repair mechanisms to correct mutations. This results in altered gene expression and loss of regulatory control, leading to primary tumor formation, local invasion, angiogenesis, and potentially metastasis to distant sites where secondary tumors can develop.

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    6 views1 page

    Failure of DNA Repair: Chemicals, Viruses, Irradiation, Etc. Acquired Mutations

    Uploaded by

    Surya Prakash
    Cancer develops through a combination of inherited and acquired genetic mutations that cause normal cells to transform into malignant tumor cells. Key events include activation of oncogenes that promote uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that normally regulate apoptosis and cell division, and failure of DNA repair mechanisms to correct mutations. This results in altered gene expression and loss of regulatory control, leading to primary tumor formation, local invasion, angiogenesis, and potentially metastasis to distant sites where secondary tumors can develop.

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    of 1

    Chemicals, Viruses, irradiation, etc.

    Acquired mutations

    Normal Cell

    Inherited mutations
    DNA Damage
    in
     Genes
    affecting
    Failure of DNA Repair DNA
    Repair
    Genes
    affecting in Mutations in the genome of somatic cells
    cell growth or
    apoptosis

    Activation of growth –promoting Alterations of genes that Inactivation of cancer


    \ oncogenes. sis, erbB, ras, myc, gene regulate apoptosis suppressor genes
    for cyclin D etc. P53, Rb1 etc.

    Uncontrolled cell proliferation Decreased apoptosis


    dedifferentiation alterations in telomerase

    Expression of altered gene products and loss of regulatory gene products

    Development of primary tumour

    Production of metalloproteinase etc.

    Invasion of nearby tissue by tumour cells

    Angiogenesis

    Metastasis

    Development of secondary tumour

    Fig. 6. Molecular basis of cancer [Cotran et al., 2003; Rang and Dale 2003]

    16

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