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Solution of Electromagnetic Compatibility problem in electrical power

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Conference Paper · October 2010

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ICECom 2010 Conference proceedings

WEDNESDAY, 22nd September 2010

Electromagnetic Compatibility (Invited Session) (Hall B)
Session Organizer: D. Poljak (Croatia)
Chairperson(s): D. Poljak (Croatia), K. El Khamlichi Drissi (France)

08:30 V. Doric, D. Poljak (Croatia)

EMC Analysis of the PLC System Based on the Antenna Theory

08:50 Y. Fu, M. Hate, R. Langley, J. Rigelsford (United Kingdom)

The Effects of Ground Characteristics on Near-field Modeling of HF
Transmission Sites for EMC Compliance Testing

09:10 V. Arnautovski-Toseva, K. Kerroum, K. El Khamlichi Drissi, S. Grceva, L.

Grcev (Macedonia)
Comparison of Exact, Image and TL Model of a Horizontal Wire above
Two-layer Soil

09:30 D. Poljak, V. Doric, M. Milisic, M. Birkic (Croatia)

Modeling of Array of Log-Periodic Dipole Antennas Array for Air
Traffic Applications

09:50 A. Bernadi, I. Juri-Grgi, R. Luci (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Solution of Electromagnetic Compatibility Problem in Electrical Power
Network using the Finite Element Method

10:10 V. Boras, S. Vujevi, D. Lovri (Croatia)

Definition and Computation of Cylindrical Conductor Internal
Impedance for Large Parameters

10:30 Session End

10:30 Coffee Break

 Solution of Electromagnetic Compatibility Problem in Electrical Power
Network using the Finite Element Method

Alen Bernadić1, Ivica Jurić-Grgić2, Rino Lucić2

1
Electricity Transmission Company BiH, Op. Area Mostar
Bleiburških žrtava bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
E-mail: alen.bernadic@opmostar.ba
2
University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
Ruđera Boškovića bb, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
E-mail: ijuricg@fesb.hr, rlucic@fesb.hr

Abstract
In overall expansion of power distribution and sub-transmission (10 kV - 110 kV) networks, conditioned
with growing consumption of electrical power, there is an increasing of possibility for crossing underground
power cables with home electrical installation cables, telecommunication equipment cables and other
equipment. Furthermore, surge arresters on middle-voltage levels usually are not applied along overhead lines.
Above mentioned can affect on equipment or even human life safety. It is known that interference of the different
electrical installations and equipment is the main theme of researching in Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC). In this article, a possibility of using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for EMC calculations in practice,
is explored and presented. For that purpose, a real problem from distribution power network will be used for an
illustrative example. It is worth of mentioning that FEM technique is quite a new tool in power networks
calculations area.

1. INTRODUCTION leaving a complete numerical model of a network to

The expansion of using different electrical
devices and their installations along with increasing
consumption of electrical power, also associated with
increasing of distribution networks leads to
possibility of complex situations in the sense of
Electromagnetic Compatibility ([1], [2]). The
electromagnetic interferences between different
installations and networks become very important in
power engineering practice. Classical methods
solution of electromagnetic transient problem (modal
decomposition, symmetrical component method etc.)
due to decoupling transformations, in complex
electrical networks, often leads to the complicate
analytical expressions or numerical procedures which
require lots of computation processor time.
The above mentioned require the necessity
for less complex and straightforward methods for
analyzing EMC problems. The FEM analysis of a
network with multiconductor transmission lines
(MTL) and lumped elements is done in the way that a
part of a network with MTL is subjected to the
spatial discretization into one-dimensional multi-
conductor finite elements, while electrical lumped
elements in a network are treated as separate finite
elements ([3]-[10]). The advantage of the FEM over
the other methods is manifested in easy handling
with complex network with distributed and lumped
parameters thanks to the assembling procedure which
is inherent to FEM.
The assembling procedure enable us to focus
on modeling of the particular element in the network,
be achieved employing the assembling procedure
inherent to the finite element analysis. The proposed
approach leads to an efficient generalized algorithm
for solution of electromagnetic transients in linear
electrical network in time domain. The numerical
procedure, presented here, is also applicable to
analysis of electromagnetic transients in the
frequency domain.
2. FEM PROCEDURE
The fundamentals of FEM analysis of a
network with MTL and lumped elements have been
already described in [11]. In this paper for the sake of
completeness we will give only corresponding local
system of equations of MTL. We will also describe
an assembling procedure as one of essential part of
overall FEM procedure. The propagation of
travelling waves on MTL in the time-domain is
described by the Telegraph Equations:
 u  i
   R   i   L  
x t
(1)
 i  u
  G   u  C  
x t
where [R], [L], [C] and [G] are the resistance,
inductance, capacitance and conductance per unit
length frequency independent matrices, respectively.
MTL finite element is shown in Figure 1.
 {i2} - current wave vectors associated (joint) to the
set ‘2’ of local nodes

[I] - unity matrix

 - finite element length

t - time interval
Fig. 1. Multi-conductor transmission line finite
element
.  - integration parameter
The corresponding local system of equations, The variables’ vectors in (2) marked by “+” denote
developed in [11], is: vectors at the end of the time interval, while
variables’ vectors without mark denote vectors at the
beginning of the time interval.
i   u  
        1   
A 
 1 
 B  3. TEST EXAMPLE
i2   u2   (2)
3.1 Description
i   u  
 E  1   F   1 
i2  u2 
As an example, for illustration of using a
FEM technique in EMC analysis, a real problem
from power distribution network exploitation is
where: taken. Transient surges in one of the overhead
conductors, due to direct lightning strike, causes
  
( L    R     t ) ( L    R     t )  interference in other adjacent conductors. It's a
 A   2 2
 common phenomenon observed in power lines,
   I     t  I    t  communication lines etc., even in pipeline systems.
Considered configuration is illustrated on Figure 2. It
is consist from 50 m of 35 kV overhead lines with its
junction to 35 kV busbars in the main area of
   I    t  I   t  distribution substation. From 35 kV substation

 B     busbars, a power underground cable with sheath goes

( C   G    t) ( C    G    t)  as an outgoing feeder toward some consumer load.
 2 2  Along first 75 meters beneath power cable, an
installation 0.4 kV power cable is lied. Further,
outgoing feeder goes normally in 100 m length to the
  
symmetrical three-phase consumer load.
( L    R   (1  )  t) ( L    R   (1  )  t) 
 E    2 2

   I   (1  )  t  I  (1  )  t  LightningstrokeinphaseL1

Substationbusbars 35 kV
L1 L2 L3
35 kV Overhead line,150mm2
  50m

   I   (1  )  t  I  (1  )  t 
 F    
35 kV underground cable,150mm2 35 kV underground cable,150mm 2
  75m   100 m

( C   G   (1  )  t) ( C   G   (1  )  t) 
 2 2  R  0.001
Sheath phase A
R  0.001

R  0.001 Sheath phase B

R  0.001

R  0.001
Sheath phaseC
R  0.001
LOAD

{u1} - voltage wave vectors associated (joint) to the

set ‘1’ of local nodes
0.4kV underground cable
First tower of 35kV OHL
{i1} - current wave vectors associated (joint) to the near main substation

set ‘1’ of local nodes

Fig. 2. Test example for FEM simulation of
presented EMC problem
{u2} - voltage wave vectors associated (joint) to the
set ‘2’ of local nodes
 Installation cable is not in use and it is open-
circuited. Obviously, there is mutual interference of
those power cables, manifesting as mutual impedance
coupling. The coupling causes appearing of voltages
in lower lied installation 0.4 kV power cable when
outgoing feeder is loaded. However, those voltages
are small and this is not a problem for damaging
insulation in 0.4 kV cable and belonging residential
done. Assembling of all local systems of algebraic
equations gives us global system, which, upon
imposing boundary and initial conditions, represents
the numerical model of the network.
I  8 / 20 μs

equipment. IOHLA IA IA
The magnitudes of those induced voltages in
R  10
installation 0.4 kV cable are considerable in a case of R  0.001 I SHEATH A I SHEATH A

lightning stroke in overhead line near distribution IOHLB IB IB

R  0.001

substation, which can cause a serious damage and I SHEATH B I SHEATH B R  10
even jeopardizes a human life. In observed case, a
R  0.001

R  0.001

classical 8/20 shape lightning stroke is simulated at I OHLC IC IC

L1 phase of overhead line at first tower near R  0.001

I SHEATH C I SHEATH C R  10

distribution substation. A stroke is modeled as well- I INST 0.4 A

R  0.001

known sum of exponential functions with 9 kA in

I INST 0.4 B
peak. Over 35 kV busbars a surge wave is spread
toward an underground power cable – outgoing I INST 0.4C

feeder. As a result of that stroke in described

installation 0.4 kV cable are induced voltages which
can damage insulation. Fig. 4. FE mesh (grid) of the text example
3.2 Power network elements modeling

In purpose of the obtaining network Table 1 Connection matrix between local and
elements parameter, the state-of-art electromagnetic global nodes
transient simulation software is used [12]. The
obtained impedance and admittance matrices are
used as input parameters in FEM program (Figure 3)

In this example boundary conditions are

Fig. 3. Underground power 35 kV cable with
installation 0.4 kV cable beneath
The corresponding FE discretization of the
test example is shown in Figure 4. Based on Figure 4,
in Table 1 we can define a connection matrix of a
power system in a sense of the finite element method.
Once, when the local system of equations
for each finite element is defined, based on
connection matrix, an assembly procedure can be
voltages in global nodes 1,2,4,6 and 31-36. Voltages
in global nodes 2, 4, 6 and 31-36 have value zero,
while in global node 1 lightning of 8/20 μs shape
with 9 kA amplitude in crest is stroked.
4. RESULTS
Complying with proposed procedure,
numerical results are obtained using FEM method.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 graphically illustrate numerical
results of the computer program, for the considered
example shown in Figure 2.
 500
The real objects (part of overhead lines,

Voltage (V)
450
underground power cables etc.) have been modeled
400
as MTL finite elements. With proposed approach,
350 relatively complex part of observed power
300 distribution network can be analyzed as a set of
250 discrete finite elements which are connected via
200 connection matrix. After discretisation and
150 assembling procedures, a system of linear equations
100 is solved in MATLAB program. In that way it is
50 shown that use of FEM in EMC problems is an
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
efficient tool.
-4
Time (s) x 10

Fig. 5. Induced voltage in a phase A of the 0.4 kV 5. REFERENCES

installation cable
200
[1] Francesco Lattarulo, "Electromagnetic
Voltage (V)

180
Compatibility in Power Systems" , (Elsevier
160 Science 2006)
140 [2] Clayton R. Paul, "Introduction to
120
Electromagnetic Compatibility", 2nd ed., (Wiley-
Interscience, 2006.)
100
[3] L.M. Wedepohl, "Applications of matrix
80
methods to the solution of traveling-wave
60 phenomena in polyphase systems", PROC. IEE,
40 Vol. 110 , No. 12, December 1963, pp. 2200-
20
2212
[4] C.R. Paul, "Analysis of Multiconductor
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-4
Transmission Lines", (John Willey & Sons,
Time (s) x 10
1994).
[5] J.B. Faria, "Multiconductor Transmission-Line
Fig. 6. Induced voltage in a phase B of the 0.4 kV
Structures", (John Willey & Sons, 1993).
installation cable [6] H.W. Dommel, Electromagnetic Transients
Program Reference Manual (EMTP Theory
200 Book).( BPA, 1986).
Voltage (V)

180 [7] J. Arrillaga, N. Watson, "Computer Modelling of

160
Electrical Power Systems" (John Willey & Sons,
140
2001).
[8] O.C. Zienkiewicz, K. Morgan, "Finite Elements
and Approximation", (John Willey & Sons
120

100
1982).
80 [9] J. Fish, T. Belytschko: "A First Course in Finite
60 Elements", (John Willey & Sons , 1982).
40 [10] G. Rizzoni, "Principles and Applications of
20
Electrical Engineering", (McGraw Hill, 2003).
[11] Lucić, R.; Jurić-Grgić, I.; Kurtović, M.: "Time
domain finite element method analysis of multi-
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-4
Time (s) x 10
conductor transmission lines", ETEP: European
Fig. 7. Induced voltage in a phase C of the 0.4 kV Transactions on Electrical Power, published
installation cable online, DOI: 10.1002/etep.366, 2009. (ISSN:
1430-144X).
In the Figures 5, 6 and 7 induced voltages in phases [12] EMTDC Application's Guide, Transient Analysis
A, B and C of the 0.4 kV installation cable have been for PSCAD Power System Simulation, Manitoba,
shown. Induced voltages are the result of lightning 2008.
stroke in a 35 kV underground power cable.

4. CONCLUSION

The aim of this paper is to present

application of the FEM technique in solving and
analyzing EMC problems in power electric network.
Lightning stroke at first tower in a front of main area
distribution substation has been examined as a real
problem from power distribution practices.

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