Bioplastic Turns to Paper: Corn Starch

Bioplastic and Calcium Carbonate of Egg

Shells as an Alternative Commercialized Paper

Ariega, B.P.A., Austria, M.S., Cardeño, C.P.P., Galera II, J.D., Lamug, B.M.M.,
Magtoto, S.M.A.

Advisers: Mr. Khristian Dimacali, Ms. Maria Florilyn Mae Recla, Mrs. Juanaly
C. Magpantay
Abstract - Thousands of trees are being cut in order to produce a paper, more as the abundance of plastic waste as it is
widely utilized in such a wrong manner. To contribute realistic solutions, the study aims to create a paper made out of corn
starch bioplastic and calcium carbonate of eggshells. The researchers collected more than 500 eggshells that will then be
synthesized to calcium carbonate and bought 1 ½ kilo of corn starch that will be combined in mixture. The research used
an experimental design and acquired data quantitatively. Initially, the researchers set 3 proportions labelled as Category A,
B, and C such that the proportions for each are 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 respectively. After producing the alternative paper, these
products have undergone testing: moist analysis, mass, and density that will then be compared with the results of
commercialized paper under the same testing. The study used One-Way ANOVA and central tendency as statistical
treatment. Based on the results, comparing from the commercialized paper, the alternative paper was not considered
optimal alternative paper if ink application capacity is taken account and poses significant differences with commercialized
papers.
I. Introduction IV. Results
Fuel plastics are non-biodegradable and are one of the The alternative paper from corn starch bioplastic and
considerable causes of great problems in the environment calcium carbonate (CaCO3) of eggshells undergone tests
according to Goswami (2014). Suggesting a solution, which led the researchers to different methods including
Fernandez (2018) stated that bioplastic can be considered the Moist Analysis, Mass, and Density with comparing to
as an alternative for the traditional bags which is more the data collected from the traditional commercialized
eco-friendly. The study will include corn starch as paper using the same methods. The researchers have
fundamental ingredient for the production of bioplastic gathered the means and the standard deviations of the
needed in order to create a paper. To further elaborate the three proportions; Proportion A having 3.312 and 0.0944,
significance of choosing starch over other possible Proportion B having 2.696 and 0.4175, and Proportion C
ingredients, Abolibda (2015) mentioned that starch came having 3.024 and 0.6408. Thus, it is concluded that there
from botanical resources and when mixed with glycerol, it are significant changes between the given proportions and
can produce biodegradable material which can be formed ink application with the use of ANOVA treatment.
by extrusion, pressing, vacuum forming and injection Afterwards, the researchers used the means and the
molding. Therefore, instead of cutting down trees to standard deviations to determine the dominant properties
produce sheets of paper, by incorporating corn starch exhibited by the proposed alternative paper considering
bioplastic and calcium carbonate of eggshells, the following factors; Moist Analysis from Proportion A
researchers propose on creating an alternative paper that is having 128.12 and 65.16, Proportion B having 152.792
a probable catalyst for environmental progress. and 81.81, and Proportion C having 123.922 and 95.19.
Mass from Proportion A having 9.94 and 3.07, Proportion
II. Methods B having 15.112 and 6.86, and Proportion C having
10.536 and 2.90. Density from Proportion A having 0.042
and 0.02, Proportion B having 0.054 and 0.03, and
Proportion C having 0.036 and 0.01. Upon finding the
values, the researchers were able to identify data that came
from comparing the alternative paper and traditional
commercialized paper with the use of ANOVA treatment.
In paper density, the observed 5% level of significance did
not exceeded by the p-value of 0.001076 and concluded
that there is a significant difference. In paper mass, the p-
value which has 0.000297 did not exceed on the 5% level
of significance and concluded that there is a significant
difference. In paper moist analysis, the p-value which is
0.31 exceeded the 5% level of significance and concluded
that there is no significant difference.

Figure 1. Paper Production
It is important to consider both the existing
commercialized pant-based paper in order to build
comparisons on the standards the proposal may satisfy.
The framework shows paper production standards like: (a)
moist analysis, (b) mass, and (c) density which will both
be the bases of tree-based papermaking and the possible
alternative paper out of corn starch bioplastic and calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) of eggshells. This can only be done
by testing the rate of water flow for moist analysis;
acquiring the density by measuring the total product of
length, width, and height, divided by the number of the
paper produced; and the mass which can be measured by
grams according to the proportions attained by the trial
and testing for adding CaCO3 of eggshells to the
bioplastic material.
III. Conclusion
Many factors have been reported to affect the
performance of these products. Concluding the
observations by the researchers in the study, there is a
significant difference on the density and mass and has no
significant difference on the moist analysis compared to
commercialize paper. As for the given proportions, the
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) of Egg Shells has provided
an effect towards the outcome and quality of the paper
when mixed with the Corn Starch Bioplastic solution. The
researchers concluded that Cornstarch Bioplastic and
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) of Egg Shells are a capable
composition in producing an alternative paper but it is not
classified as a lightweight paper, instead it exhibited a
quality that can be of comparison to a chipboard paper.