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Chapter 1 - Basic of Microbiology PDF
Chapter 1 - Basic of Microbiology PDF
Production and
consumption
Biobased products
Bioeconomy Bioprocess/Biotechnology
Production and
consumption Resources optimization
Biological resources
Recycle and reuse
Sustainable
Waste minimization
Dept of Chem Eng, UM Dr. Adeline Chua S.M. 3
Chapter 1: Basics of Microbiology
1. Cell and types of cell
2. Classification of organisms
3. Cell structures and functions
4. Microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes
5. Microbial diversity
6. Habitats and environments
7. Naming of organisms
Types of microbes
Types of cell
Basic characteristics
Industrial applications
Source: Pratt (Figure 1.15 Evolutionary tree based on genetic analysis of ribosomal RNA).
Much larger than prokaryotic cells. Size ranging from 10 – 100 um.
- Fungi
- Algae
- Protozoa
Not photosynthetic.
Causing diseases:
Responsible for many plant diseases including rusts, blights,
and mildew.
Skin diseases.
Dept of Chem Eng, UM Dr. Adeline Chua S.M. 26
Fungi: Molds
Mildew
Cheese with edible mold
Penicillium chrysogenum
It ferments carbohydrates
(sugars) to produce carbon
dioxide and alcohol.
Industrial applications:
Food supplement e.g. chlorella (single cell algae), spirulina
(microalgae)
Biomass feedstock for third generation biofuel
Caused by enrichment of
an ecosystem with chemical
nutrients, typically
compounds containing
nitrogen (N) and/or
phosphorus (P).
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Morphologies
- Importance of prokaryotes in various fields.
Bacteria and Archaea in tree of life
H1N1
SARS
coronavirus
Source: Wikipedia
Inorganic compounds that can be oxidized; e.g. H2, H2S, NH4+, and Fe2+
(sulfur bacteria, iron bacteria).
Growth rate
thermophiles
psychrophiles
20-50C: mesophiles.
Knowledge of temperature
classes of bacteria useful in
design and operation of many
biotechnological applications.
Source:
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/extrem
eheat/index.html
pH: Water:
Most microbes have a Most organisms can grow
narrow pH range for only where water activity is
growth. high.
The genus and species levels are used to provide names for
organisms.