MYSTICAL ROSE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Pogonlomboy, Mangatarem, Pangasinan

Mobile No.: 0920-964-4762

LEARNER’S MODULE IN FOUNDATION OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Name of Learner:_____________________________________________________
Year Level: ____________ Course: _______________________________________

FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

WHAT IS SPECIAL EDUCATION ?

An educational program/service designed to meet the needs of children with special needs
who cannot profit from general or regular education because of disabilities or exceptional abilities.
SPECIAL EDUCATION DIVISION PHILIPPINES MEMORANDUM:
Special education refers to the education of persons who are GIFTED AND TALENTED and
those who have PHYSICAL,MENTAL,SOCIAL OR SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AND CULTURAL
DIFFERENCES so as to require modifications of the school curricula,programs and special services and
physical facilities to develop them to their maximum capacity.

CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES :

 Should have the rights as normal person do
 Must NOT be isolated nor be looked down
 Must be treated as persons of dignity
 Needs should be provided

BASIC PHILOSOPHY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

“Every child with special needs has a right to an education programs that is suitable to his needs”
“Special education shares with regular education basic responsibilities of the educational system to
fulfil the right of the child to develop to his full potential.

OBJECTIVE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

 To develop the maximum potential of the child with special needs to enable him to
become self-reliant and be geared towards providing him with the opportunities for a full
and happy life.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

 The development and maximization of learning competencies, as well as the
inculcation of values to make the learners with special needs as useful and effective
members of society.

ULTIMATE GOAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

 The integration or mainstreaming of learners with special needs into the regular school system
and eventually into the community.

EXCEPTIONALITY
An individual or a child who has an exceptionality has some area of functioning in which he or
she is significantly different from an established norm.This definition includes both students with
disabilities and those with special gifts or talents.

 Learning disabilities
 Developmental delays
  Communication disorders
 Hearing disabilities
 Visual impairments
 Physical disabilities

13 LEGAL CATEGORIES FOR EXCEPTIONALITIES

1.Autism 8.Orthopedic Impairment
2.Deaf-blindness 9.Other Health Impairment
3.deafness 10.Specific Learning Disabilities
4.Emotional Disturbance 11. Speech or Language Impairment
5.Intellectual Disability 12.Traumatic Brain Injury
6.Hearing Impairment 13.Visual Impairment
7.Multiple Disabilities

1.AUTISM- A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication

and social interaction.
3 Primary Features
-restricted range of social interaction
-impared communicatin skills
-persistent pattern of stereotypical behaviors,interests,and activities.
2.DEAF-BLINDNESS- A concomitant hearing and visual impairments,the combination of which
causes such as severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that they
cannot be accommodated in special educational programs solely for children with deafness or
children with blindness.
3.DEAFNESS-A hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impared in processing
linguistic information through hearing; with or without amplication that adversely affects a child’s
educational performance.
4.EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE- A condition exhibiting one or more of the following
characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s
educational performance.
-Inability to learn that cannot be explained
-Inability to build or maintain satisfactory
-Inappropriate types of behaviors
-A general pervasive mood of unhappiness
-A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears with personal or school problems
*schizophrenia
5.HEARING IMPAIRMENT- An impairment in hearing whether permanent or fluctuating,that
adversely affects a child’s educational performance but that is not included under the definition of
deafness.
6.INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY- A significantly sub-average general intellectual
functioning,existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the
development period,that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
 7.MULTIPLE DISABILITIES- Concomitant impairments,the combination of which causes such
severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education solely for one of
the impairments.
8.ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENTS- A severe orthopaedic impairment that adversely affects a
child’s educational performance.Includes:
-congenital anomalies Ex. Clubfoot
-caused by disease Ex.Poliomyelitis
-other causes Ex.cerebral palsy
9.OTHER HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS-Having limited strength,vitality or alertness,including a
heightened alertness to environment stimuli,that results in limited alertness with respect to the
educational environment.
-due to chronic or acute asthma,ADD,ADHD,diabetes,epilepsy, a heart condition,haemophilia,lead
poisoning,leukemia,nephritis,rheumatic fever, and sickle cell anemia
10.SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY- A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological
process involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written ,that may manifest itself in
an imperfect ability to listen,think,speak,read write,spell or to do mathematical discussions.
11.SPEECH OR LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT-A communication such as stuttering,impared
articulation,language impairment, or a voice impairment ,that adversely affects child’s educational
performance.
12.TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY-An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external
force,resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both that
adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

13.VISUAL IMPAIRMENT- An impairment in vision that,even with correction adversely affects a

child’s educational performance.The term includes both partial sight and blindness.

MODULE 3 ACTIVITY 1: ( Write it in your notebook.)

1. Have you ever encounted a person with a special needs ? What did you feel ? How can we
help them ? Share you feelings and thoughts about it.
2. Why do we need to recognize “Special Education”? Explain your answer in 5-7 sentences.
3. Why do we need to set objective in Special Education ? Why is it important? Give your reasons
in 4-5 sentences.
4.How can we help other people with special needs ? Do you have an idea how to help them ?
Share your ideas in 100 words .
5.Explain the following rights of children with disabilities in 1-2 sentences only. Explain it based on
your understanding.
 Should have the rights as normal person do-
 Must NOT be isolated nor be looked down-
 Must be treated as persons of dignity-
 Needs should be provided-
Prepared by: LAARNI A.TOLETE,LPT
Instructor