596 PLAIN BEARING MATERIALS

i PLAIN BEARING MATERIALS 5í'7

Table 9. {C^limei) Bearing and Bt.shing Alloys - Composition, Forms,
í produces increased hardness and tensile strcngth and decreased ductilily. \lm\-
Charactensücs and Applicaüons ( S A E General Information)
I evcr. if the perccntagc of these alloys is increased abovc thosc shown in Table 10. Ihe
S A E No. Nominal
& Alloy * resulting allin- wili have ilecreased fatipue resistance. The.se alloys have verv little
Coniposition, Form of Use ( i) . Chanicteristics (2).
Grouping l'er Cent and Applications (3) tendcncy to cause wear lo their journals because of their ability to cmbed dirt.
í T h e y resist the corrosive ellects of acids. are not prone to oil-film failure and are

t
Cu, 8o; Sn, lo; h''" l ' ^ ' ' ; " ? ' , ? " ^'«'"'•'<:'<. S A E 797. sinteredon j easily bonded and cast. T w o drawbacks are encountered in their use. T h e y have
79» Pb, 10. •sti (1 back. (2) Has máximum shock and load carrv- a low fatigue resistance and their hardness and strengtli drop appreciably at low
inKcap,icityotconvent¡onalcnsthcarinRalloys;liard,
both latiguc and corrosión rcsistant, l l ard shaft de- temperatures.
/ C u , 8o; Sn. io¡ sirable. (j) He.avy loads with oscillating or rotating
797 \Pb, L e a d babbitt compositions peneraliy range from 10 to 15 per cent antimony and
10. motion. Uscd for pistón pins. stecring knuckles,
differential axlos, thrust washers. and wcar piales. up to 10 jier cent tin in combination with the lead. These alloys. like tin-base
babbitts, have little tendency to cause wcar to their journals, embed dirt well, resist
U / C u . 73-S; Pb, 23J ( ) S A L 794. raston S t e e l back; SA E 709. sintered on
794 S t e e l back. (2 Hicher lead contení g i v e s improved the corrosive elTecls of acids. are not prone to oil film failure and are easily bonile<l
u \Sn. 3.S. surface action for liighcr specds but results in some- and cast. T h e i r chief disadvantage when compared to the tin-base alloy is a ratlier
wh.it Icsscorrosion resistance. O) Intermediateload lower strength and a susceptibility to corrosión.
O / C u , 73-S; Pb, 23! app ication for botli oscillating and rotating shafts,
799 ISn. 3-5. tnat is, rocker-arm bushings. transmissions. and farm
implements. f C a d m i u m B a s e . — C a d m i u m alloy bearings have a greater resistance to fatigue
than babbitt bearings; however, use of these materials is very limited due to their
poor corrosión resistance. These alloys contain i to 15 per cent nickel, or 0.4 to 0 7 s
Table , 0 . White Metal Bearing Alloys - Composition and Properties ' per cent copper. and 0.5 to 2.0 per cent silver. Th ei r prime attribute is their high
(ASTM B23-49) temperature capability. T h e load carrying capacity and relativa basic bearing
properties are shown in Tables i i and i j .

Copper L e a d . — Copper lead bearings are a binary mi.xture of copper and lead
containing from 20 to 40 per cent lead. Since the lead is practically insoluble in
copper, a cast microstructure consists of lead ¡xickets in a copper matrix. A steel
b.icking is commonly used with this material and high volume is achieved either by
continuous casting or by [wwdcr metallurgy tcchniques. T h i s material is very
often usefl with an overjilate such as lead tin and lead tin copper to increase basic
bearing properties. Tables 11 and 12 provide comparisons of material properties.
T h e combination of goocl fatigue strength, highdoad capacity, and high tempera-
ture performance has resulted in extensive use of this material for lie»vy-duty main
and connecling rod bearing as well as modérate load and speed applications in
I turbincs and clectric niotors. •

L e a d e d Bronze and T i n B r o n z e . — Leaded and tin bronzes contain up to 25

per cent lead or approximately 10 per cent tin resiiectively. C a st leaded Iironze
bearings oITcr good compatibility, excellent casting and easy machining character-

Table I I . Properties of Bearing Alloys

Recomniended Load Carrying M.iximum

Material Shaft H.-irdncss, Cap.icity, OiUTatinK
Brinell psi Tcmp.,
c . ^ J ^ : : ! : t reíi^cr;:::',;::: — ™ - •> ^^eformation of 800-1500 300
T i n liase Habli¡tt 150 or less
Lead Hase Habbitt 150 or less .Soo-i 200 300
d<^ü!^™'-:--rt!;;iSorrs;:c;^r — ' ° ---- Cadmium liase 200- 250 I3OO-20OO 500
» Also nominal arscnic. l per cent. Co¡)p(T l.t-ad joo 1 ,^00-2500 350
'i'in llr.m/.e 300-400 4000-f SOO +
suríacclayer Such composile bearinRs f r c i n c n l l y eliminatc a n y need for usiag l.ead lininze 300 3000-4500 450-500
altérnale materials w i t l i |KH,rer bearing chararferi#t«!.s .Ahnninuni 300 4000-f- 2 25-,!00

T i n b a b b i t t is composed oí 80 t o 90 per r r „ l l i í Ü w l i c b is a.lded aliout , to 8 SiUer ( heriilated ,soo 4000-f- 500

per cent copper and 4 t o 14 i.er cent a n t i n i o n j - , AnWcrease i n c o i i j ^ r o r antimony ' i r i .Metal 1 )veriilate 2,;o or less 2000-4000 + 225 i O O