Enzymes

1. Which of the following is always present in both conjugated and simple enzymes?
Protein
2. Protein portion of conjugated enzyme? Apoenzyme
3. An enzyme active site is the location in the enzyme where? The actual catalysis occurs
4. Which of the following enzyme properties is explained by the lock-and-key model for
enzyme action? Absolute specificity
5. In which of the following pairs of terms do the two terms have the same meaning?
holoenzyme and conjugated enzyme
6. Which of the following pairings of terms is correct? A kinase is a transferase
7. Which of the following statements concerning enzyme active sites is incorrect?
No correct response all statements are correct
8. in which of the following pairs of enzymes is the first listed enzyme more limited in its
scope than the second listed enzyme?
Stereochemical-specific enzyme, linkage-specific enyzme
9. Which of the following statements concerning the effect of temperature change on an
enzyme-catalyzed reaction is incorrect? No correct response
10. Statements: two of the three statements are true
active site of an enzyme always contains one or more metal atoms
urease is an ex. Of enzyme w/ absolute specificity
enzymes have names that end in –ase

11. Which of the following is a coenzyme? Vitamin B

12. Which of the following statements concerning enzymes and their mode of action is
correct? No correct response
13. Which of the following statements concerning a competitive enzyme inhibitor is correct?
it resembles the substrate in charge distribution
14. The mechanism at which the ACE is regulated? Production of proteolytic enzymes and
zymogens
15. All of the B vitamins, except one, contain heterocylic nitrogen ring systems as part of
their structure. The exception is: pantothenic acid
16. Which of the following statements about a non competitive inhibitor is incorrect?
more than one correct response
17. Which of the following statements concerning sources for B vitamins is correct?
18. Which of the following pairings of extremophiles are correct? more than one correct
response
19. Which of the following statements about allosteric enzyme is correct?
they have a quaternary protein structure
20. Which of the following pairings of concepts related to regulation of enzyme activity is an
incorrect pairing? Covalent modification and hormone regulator
21. Which of the following vitamins would likely to be toxic when consumed in excess?
Vitamin A
22. Which of the following vitamins would likely have a cofactor function in the human body?
no correct response
23. Statements: Only one statement is true
1.Vit E, a cholesterol deriv, can be synthesized in the skin by sunlight irridation
2.Activation of a zymogen produces a proteolytic enzyme
3.An enzymes turnover no. Is the rate at which it is degraded and resynthesized within
the human body

MUTASE

HYDROLASE

TRANSAMINASE

DECARBOXYLASE

ISOMERASE
 DEHYDROGENSASE

PROTEASE

A. INCREASE
B. DECREASE

A. INCREASE
B. DECREASE

A. ENZYME B
B. ENZYME B
6. PREDICT THE ENZYME ACTIVITY IF INCREASE, DECREASE OR CONSTANT RATE
BETWEEN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND CATALASE

a.) increase the hydrogen peroxide concentration after reaching saturation point: CONSTANT

b. )increase the ph by one unit from its optimum value : DECREASE

c.) increasing catalase concentration: INCREASE

7. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SPECIFICITY THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FF.
ENZYMES.

a. DEAMINASE: group specificity

b.SUCRASE: absolute specificity

c.PHOSPHATASE: linkage specificity

d.L- LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE: stereochemical specificity

8. INDICATE WHETHER EACH OF THE STATEMENTS APPLIES TO (1) LOCK AND KEY

(2) INDUCED FIT (3) BOTH MODELS (4) NEITHER

a. location where substrate molecules are converted to product molecules: (3) BOTH MODELS

b. always has a shape that has a degree of flexibility to it: (2) INDUCED FIT

c. always has geometrical shape identical to that of substrate: (4) NEITHER

d. always accomodates only one specific substrate: (1) LOCK AND KEY

9. for each of the descriptions of enzyme action, choose from the response list the type of
inhibitor or regulator that is involved

a. forms one or more covalent bonds at an enzyme active site:

IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR AND NON COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR

b. decrease enzyme activity by binding at a site other than the active site:
NON COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR

c. must resemble a substrate closely in shape and charge distribution:

COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR

d. mode of action of penicillin: IRREVERSIBLE COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR

e. mode of action of co-trimoxazole: REVERSIBLE COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR

f. mode of action of lead poisoning: REVERSIBLE NON COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR

10. for each of the descriptions of a vitamin, select from the response list the name of the
vitamin

a. cosubstrate in the formation of the structural protein collagen: VITAMIN C

b. important in the blood clotting process: VITAMIN K

c. structural derivative of cholesterol: VITAMIN D AND E

d. involved in prostaglandin synthesis : VITAMIN E

e. coenzyme precursor: VITAMIN B AND C

f. involved in calcium deposition in bone: VITAMIN D

g. involved in cell differentiation: VITAMIN A

ESSAY

1. Types of extremophiles used in oil well drilling operations? High temperature

Extremozymes that withstand high temperature such as hyperthermo
2. In enzyme terms, differentiate (1) apoenzyme and zymogen (2)simple enzyme and
allosteric enzyme

1. Apoenzyme protein part, zymogen inactive form of enzyme

2.simple enzyme consist only protein part and one active site, allosteric contain 1
regulator site and one active site
 NUCLEIC ACID

1.The number of structural subunits present in a nucleoside and nucleotide are respectively:
two and three

2. In which of the ff pairs of nucleic acid bases are both members of the pair “single ring” bases:

T and U

3. 35% of bases in DNA mol. Are found to be A. What % of the bases in same molecule are G:
15%

4. which of the following statements concerning the double helix structure present in DNA
molecules is correct? Base pairing between strands always involve one pyrimidine base and
one purine base

5. Associated with the process of DNA transcription is the formation of :

An mRNA molecule that is often “edited” to form an mRNA molecule

6. Which of the following statements concerning codons is incorrect:

They are short segments of a gene

7. In a dinucleotide the phosphate linkage between nucleotide unit involves:

More than one correct response

8. Which of the following is a valid set of mRNA codons: GGG, GCC and AAA

9.which of the following statements concerning the codons of the genetic code is correct:

NO CORRECT RESPONSE

10. Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA are incorrect: More than one correct
response

11. which of the following statements about nucleosides are correct: some but not all
nucleosides contain deoxyribose

12. which of the following statements about DNA double helix are incorrect: two polynucleotide
strands are identical

13. which of the following statements about chromosome are correct: chromosome are DNA
protein complexes
14. statements: only one statement is correct

(1) the complementary base pair sequence for the DNA strand 5’ ACGTAT 3’ is
3’TGCATA 5’

(2) the only difference between DNA and RNA molecules is the identity of the sugar unit
present in their nucleotides.

(3) both strands of daughter DNA molecule are formed through linking of previously
formed okazaki fragments.

MATCHING TYPE

1.) Match what type RNA is being described

a. facilitates the conversion of hnRNA to mRNA: snRNA

b. formed directly by DNA transcription: hnRNA

c. the physical site for protein synthesis :rRNA

d. deliver amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis: tRNA

e. carries instructions for protein synthesis from DNA: mRNA

2.) Match what process is being described below, use choices below

a. hnRNA is edited to form mRNA: transcription process, post transcription synthesis

b. complete unwinding of a DNA molecule occurs: replication

c. an mRNA-ribosome complex is formed: translation process

d. partial unwinding of a DNA molecule occurs: transcription process, early stage

3.) Identify whether the following nucleotides are (1) found in DNA but not RNA, (2) found in
RNA but not in DNA, (3) found in both DNA and RNA, (4) not found in DNA nor RNA

a. 5’ dAMP-dAMP 3’ : (1) found in RNA not in RNA

b. 5’ AMP-AMP-CMP 3’: (2) found in RNA but not DNA

c. 5’ dAMP- CMP 3’: (4) not found in DNA nor RNA

1. all viruses contain both DNA and RNA: FALSE

2. some, but not all vaccines contain a virus in an inactive form:TRUE

3. a retrovirus contains RNA but not DNA: TRUE

4. all life forms except bacteria are subject to attack by viruses : FALSE

5. the enzyme DNA polymerase is needed in the first step of the PCR process: FALSE

6. a primer, a short starter nucleotide chain, is needed in the second step of the PCR process :
TRUE

7. the PCR process has applications in detecting the AIDS virus : TRUE

8. replication of DNA does not begin until the second cycle of the PCR process: FALSE

9. Which of the following processes (1) transcription phase of protein synthesis, (2) translation
phase of protein synthesis (3) replication of DNA (4) formation of recombinant DNA

a. amino acid- tRNA molecules are formed: (2) translation

b. partial unwinding of a DNA molecule: (1) transcription

c. restriction enzymes are used: (4) recombinant DNA

d. okazaki fragments : (3) replication

10.how does recombinant DNA differ from normal DNA: recombinant DNA has foreign gene

11. briefly discuss what happens during transformation in recombinant DNA procedure:

Inserting or transferring the recombinant dna to host cell

12. give 2 reasons why bacterial cells are used for recombinant Dna procedures

13. how are plasmids obtained from ecoli bacteria: dissolve plasma membrane of ecoli bacteria
after that the plasmid fraction separates, cleavage occurs and transformation of a portion of
foreign dna cell is transferred to the plasmid

14. how do mutagens affect the human body: causes mutation, causes change in genes or dna
sequence by adding additional base or insertin/ deleting substitution or base
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