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Ac WS1
Ac WS1
Resistor R :
Capacitor C :
Inductor L :
Questions:
High-pass filters and low-pass filters are used together to direct the current to the appropriate loudspeakers in a
Hi-Fi system. How can they work?
1. A 20 µF capacitor is connected across the 220 V 50 Hz mains supply. Calculate
(a) the reactance of the capacitor,
(b) the r.m.s. current through the capacitor.
2. The diagram shows the V-t graph and I-t graph of an electrical component in a circuit with an a.c.
power supply.
V/V I/A
5 0.3
1 2 t/s 1 2 t/s
0 0
-5 -0.3
RC circuit
1. A 1000 µF capacitor is joined in series with a 2.5 V , 0.3 A lamp and a 50Hz supply.
(a) Draw the circuit diagram, and the rotating vector model to show the phase relationship
between the total current and the applied voltage.
(b) Find the resistance of the lamp and hence determine the phase relationship between the
total current I and the applied voltage V.
(c) Calculate the r.m.s. voltage of the supply Vr.m.s. to light the lamp to its normal brightness.
(d) Determine r.m.s. voltage across the capacitor VC, r.m.s. and the resistor VR, r.m.s.
respectively.
(e) Is Vr.m.s. = VC, r.m.s. + VR, r.m.s. ? Explain why.
2. The circuit as shown in Figure (a) is set up. In this experiment, the phase relationship between
the voltage across an inductor and the current passing through it is to be investigated.
Channel 1 of the CRO is connected across both inductor and resistor to represent the voltage
across the inductor and channel 2 is connected across the resistor to represent the current passing
through the inductor. The traces on CRO screen is shown in Figure (b).
Trace 1
Trace 2
LRC circuit
1. A 0.01 H inductor, a 10 Ω resistor and a 3 µF capacitor are connected in series and a 1 kHz a.c.
voltage is applied across the circuit.
Power Factor
1. A coil which has an inductance of 0.4 H and negligible resistance is in series with a resistor whose
resistance is 120 Ω. The pair is connected across a 100 V r.m.s. supply alternating at
200 / π Hz. Calculate
C L
B2 B3
B1
A student asks if it is possible that bulb B2 and B3 can light up and give same brightness, but the bulb B1
does not light up at the same time. Comment it.
Supplementary Notes on A.C. 4
VL or VC VL or VC
I=0 I ↑ I = max. I↓
++ ++ ++++ ++ ++ - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - ++ ++
I=0
++ ++ - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++++
I ↓ I↑
I = max.
LC circuit
Mass-spring system
Spring k
L mass m
C
Inductor (L)
Capacitor (C)
Charge Q
Current I Analogue
to
Voltage V
dI
Rate of change of current ( )
dt
dI
Faraday’s law V = L
dt
2
1Q
Electric field energy in capacitor
2C
1 2
Magnetic field energy in inductor LI
2
Resistance
; Radio Tuning
Diode
1. Consider the following circuit with a real diode of forward voltage 0.6 V,
Vdiode
+
Vo VR R = 1Ω
-
I
A
Voltage of the
Vdiode VR I
power source (Vo)
- 1.0 V
- 0.3 V
+ 0.3 V
+ 0.5 V
+ 0.6 V
+ 0.7 V
+ 1.0 V
; Half-wave Rectification
Vin
+ Vo
Vin R Vout
0
t
- Vo
E E
Vout Vout
+ Vo + Vo
0 0
t t
Vin Vin
- Vo - Vo
; Full-wave Rectification
Vin
+ Vo
R
Vin
0
t
E Vout
E - Vo
Vout Vout
+ Vo + Vo
0 0
t t
Vin Vin
- Vo - Vo
; Bridge Rectifier
Vout
+ Vo
0
t
Vin
- Vo
A.C. Æ D.C.
B C
A
VA
+ Vo
0
t
Earth
- Vo
VB
+ Vo
0
t
- Vo
VC
+ Vo
0
t
- Vo