 Arthritis 

I. Concepts in the Care of At Risk Contributing Factors 

and Sick Adult Clients
1. Lack of exercise/physical activity
2. Poor nutrition
1.1 Health Care Situations: Global, 3. Use of tobacco 
National, Local 4. Excessive alcohol
Today around 70% of all cancer deaths occur in
low- and middle- income countries.  Cancer and 1.3 Cultural and Ethnic
other no communicable diseases are the leading
cause of death and disability worldwide. This Disparities and Culturally
includes:
Competent Care:
 Obesity  Awareness of culture in the delivery of nursing
 Hypertension care, acknowledging one's cultural knowledge
 Diabetes deficit using self-reflection, continuous self-
 Heart disease evaluation, and consultation with others,
 Mental illness (including patients) to detect barriers to
 Infectious diseases culturally competent care and address bias, or
Leading causes of death (Republic of the lack of knowledge or skill related to a culture
Philippines, DOH) other than one's own, to provide culturally
appropriate care is important in the delivery of
 Heart, diseases of the vascular system care.
 Diabetes mellitus
 Pneumonias  Nurse should be aware that patient acts and
 Cancer behave in various ways, in any part because
 Tuberculosis of the influence of culture on behaviors and
 COPD attitudes. Assessing patient cultural beliefs,
 Other respiratory problems information disclosure, space and distance,
 Nephritis/nephritic syndrome eye contact, time, touch, observance of
 Accidents holiday, diet, biologic variation.

1.2 Chronic Illness

Chronic Illness - Chronic illness refers to the
human experience of living with a chronic disease
or condition. It is the individual’s perception of the
experience of having a chronic disease.

Chronic Disease - are long term health conditions

that affects one’s well-being and function in an 1.4 Perioperative Nursing Care
episodic, continuous, or progressive way over many - Period of time that constitute the surgical
years of life. It can be controlled but not cured. experience; include the preoperative,
intraoperative ,postoperative phase of
nursing care.
Common Problems:
Communication, teamwork , and patient
 Heart disease assessment are crucial to ensure good patient
 Chronic lower respiratory disease outcome.
 Stroke
 Alzheimer disease 
 Cancer
 Obesity
 Kidney failure 
Professional perioperative and perianesthesia
nursing standard encompass the domain of
behavioral response, physiologic response and
patient safety are guides, toward development of
nursing diagnosis, intervention, and plans.