G L A S S B L O C K S

T E C H N I C A L & C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L S

For further technical information contact Roadstone Architectural Products Division

Tel: 01 8343322 Fax: 01 8343931 Web: www.roadstone.ie Email: info@roadstone.ie
A CRH Plc. Group Company.
 G L A S S B L O C K S

The New Generation of Light

Glass Blocks are one of the most versatile building materials

which suit practically every individual design idea. With

SOLARIS Glass Blocks you can choose from a vast array of sizes,

colours and designs to find the ideal combination for all your

building needs.

Kilkee Water World - Flemish White

SOLARIS Glass Blocks offer stunning visual effects and add

style and value to your property. Excellent fire ratings, good

sound reduction qualities and increased security are natural built

in advantages.
Commercial Development - Clear White Glass Block and Forticrete Architectural Masonry

one two
 Contents

• Product Range 5
• Prefabricated Corner Units 7 Cross Ribbed Flemish - White
• Calculating Ope dimensions 8
• Thermal Insulation 9
• Sound Insulation 10
• Transparency and Light Transmittance 12
• Property Protection 13
• Product Specification for Non-Fire Rated Panels 14
Samba - Pink Apartments - Flemish White with Flemish Pink squares to stairwell. Flemish Sahara - Turquoise
• Typical Construction Details 15
• Typical Corner Details 21
• Door & Window Elements 22
• Curved Walls 23
• Relevant Standards 24
• Reinforcement of Glass Block Panels - EXAMPLE 25
• Reinforcement - Design Charts 26 Flemish - Blue Venus - Silor
• Materials and Setting Techniques 27
• Construction Guidelines / Cleaning and Maintenance 28
• Fire Rated Glass Blocks / Product Specification Fire Rated Blocks 29
• Fire Resistance of Vertical Glass Block Panels 30

Savona - Silor Door detail - Sandymount Credit Union Flemish White. Savona - Azur

Disclaimer,
This document was prepared by Roadstone Dublin Ltd. Architectural Products Division, in consultation with its technical
consultants. The function of the document is to assist Architects and Engineers considering the use of Glass Block panels in building
Flemish Sahara - Green Flemish Sahara
projects. It addresses some typical situations and is not intended as a substitute for detail design. Users of the information
provided in the document do so at their own risk. CRH plc., Roadstone Dublin Limited and their Technical Consultants accept
no liability.
SOLARIS and Roadstone are continually improving their products and service. Specification and details are therefore subject to
change without notice.

Digona - Azur Bathroom - Sahara Clear. Riva - Turquoise

three four
 Solaris Glass Blocks - Colour and Product Range Solaris Glass Blocks - Product Range

No/M2
2411/2 60
32
25
25

50
50
43
43
32
25
25
25
16
10
Model

2411

310
198
1910
248

483
484
663
664
683
883
884
inches
inches
inches
inches
inches
inches
inches
Units
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

mm
Azur Pink Alpha Digona Sahara Clearview Clearview
(e.g. Sahara Clearview) (e.g. Riva)

300 x 300 x 100

190 x 190 x 160

190 x 190 x 100

73/4 x 73/4 x 37/8

33/4 x 73/4 x 37/8
53/4 x 53/4 x 31/8
53/4 x 53/4 x 37/8
53/4 x 73/4 x 31/8
73/4 x 73/4 x 31/8
240 x 240 x 80

33/4 x 73/4 x 31/8

190 x 190 x 80
240 x 115 x 80
115 x 115 x 80
Dimensions
TYPE
Alpha
Light Diffusing
Light Directing
Blue Silor Carlotta Light Diffusing Light Directing Sahara Flemish Flemish
Digona 4
(e.g. Digona) (e.g. Savona)
Fennolith
Flora
Cross-Ribbed
Cross-Ribbed Broad
Kosmos
Marin
Orion
Orsa BSH 20
Riva 4
Grey Turquoise * Sahara Clearview 4 Fennolith Flora Orion Samba
(e.g Flemish) (e.g. Samba) * Sahara Clearview BSH 20
* Sahara Flemish 1 3
* Sahara Flemish BSH 20
Samba 2 2
Satina
Savona
Venus
Clearview
Clearview BSH 20
Flemish 1 3
Light Green Flemish Corner Carlotta Cross-Ribbed Orsa BSH 20 Satina
(e.g. Sahara Flemish) Flemish BSH 20
Clearview 1930F
Clearview 1960F
Clearview 1990F

Glass Blocks can be supplied with a single or double-sided ‘frosted’ Available in the following colours:
finish surface. This is called Sahara finish.
White
SOLARIS Glass Blocks are also available as corner elements
Silor Marin Cross-Ribbed Broad Riva Savona
with optional angle in a variety of models, designs and colours
(see page 7 for dimensions). 1 Azur - Blue - Grey - Light Green - Pink - Turquoise
2 Azur - Pink - Turquoise
3 Azur - Light Green - Pink - Turquoise
4 Azur - Blue - Pink - Turquoise

Kosmos Venus
Flemish Corner Corner Element (Page 7)

five six
 Pre-Fabricated Corner Units Calculating Ope Dimensions

x° p
Formula for Calculating width of Ope
D
D B b (Example using 190x190x80 Glass Block)
j
112 80
112 b
W= ( A x b ) + ( C x j ) + 2p
j
b H ( 5 x 190 ) + ( 4 x 10 ) + ( 2 x 15 )
j 950 + 40 + 30 = 1020mm
b
190 p Width of ope = 1020mm (For Height of Ope Repeat Above)
p b j b j b j b j b p
A = No. of Glass Blocks
A 190 Elevation Section b = Width of Glass Block
C = No. of Joints
j = Width of Joint (10mm min)
p = Perimeter Joint (15mm in this case)
w W = Clear Width
C Plan H = Clear Height

C 193
The manufacturing process currently in use is capable of producing Glass Blocks up to a maximum length per side of 300 mm.
193
Glass Block walls are translucent walls for both indoor and outdoor use. They should not be regarded either as windows or
(Dimensions in millimetres)
substitute windows, but rather as an autonomous architectural element with a structural expression which figures significantly in
the appearance of a building.
Glass Block walls are not supporting walls and cannot be expected to bear any loads from the building. This is why Glass Block
Dimension “D” assumes 90° angle. (tolerance to DIN 1875) panels should be connected to the rest of the building in a way which would not subject them to any restraining forces. For this
reason, they should be surrounded by expansion and sliding joints, the function of which must not be obstructed by the use of
Glass Block Angle X° other materials (e.g. plaster). The expansion and sliding joints must be executed meticulously. Failure to do this may result in the
A B C D
Model Min Max cracking of the Glass Blocks in the future.
198 190 80 193 112 60 140 Dimensions for the pre-formed ope and the connection detail between the GLASS BLOCK wall and the structure of the building are
therefore of the utmost importance. Typical details are shown on pages 15-21. Our Technical Department will be pleased to discuss
1910 190 100 193 92 90 140
other situations.
248 240 80 243 162 60 140
310 300 100 303 202 90 140
Mortar Joint Width in mm. (Straight Panels)
2411 240 80 118 39 80 140
2411 115 80 243 162 60 140 Glass Block Dimensions 115 x 115 mm. 190 x 190 mm. 240 x 240 mm. 300 x 300 mm.
Minimum Joint Width (mm) 10 10 15 20
2411/2 115 80 118 37 80 140
Maximum Joint Width (mm) 20 20 20 20
883 196.9 79.4 200 120 60 140
884 196.9 98.4 200 101 90 140 For maximum allowable size of non-fire rated panel dimensions see Design Chart page 26
For maximum allowable size of Fire Rated panels see page 30
663 146.1 79.4 149 69 60 140
664 146.1 98.4 149 50 90 140

seven eight
 Thermal Insulation Sound Insulation

Glass Block walls help reduce the over-heating of interior spaces caused by the penetration of sunlight during the summer months,
while also permitting the low-lying winter sun to make a maximum contribution to room heating.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of Glass Block windows is comparable with this property in normal double glazing units.
A 1/∆ thermal transmission resistance of Glass Block walls and a thermal conductivity coefficient U depend on the dimension of
the Glass Blocks (stated in mean values for all sizes, except those listed below) and the jointing material.
Glass Block constructions are ideal solutions where a high degree of insulation against airborne noise is required.
Single-skin panels constructed with BSH 20 Glass Blocks meet the requirements up to sound insulation class 5 (see tables below).
Double-skin Glass Block walls with a space of at least 50mm fulfil the demands of sound insulation class 6. It is, however,
important to ensure that the adjoining structural elements have the same degree of insulation against air-borne noise.
Where increased demands are made on sound insulation, low-cost solutions can be achieved, while illuminating the rooms with
Glass Block elements.

One general rule applies when considering the heat balance of buildings and taking into consideration an equivalent thermal
conductivity coefficient of keq during the heating period which, besides transmission heat losses, also includes the useful heat gains
of √gF brought about by such transparent structural elements as windows.
Attention should be paid to the specifications of DIN 4109, “Sound Insulation in Buildings”.
The sound insulation index R’w is calculated in accordance with DIN 52 210, Part 4:
Rw = LSM + 52dB (LSM = airborne sound insulation index)
According to I the test certificates, dated 28 April 1982, from the official German test centre for constructional sound insulation
(Chand 1, Mitter VDI, VBI, Consultant Engineer, Krefeld), the following values approx.

Additional physical Model Model Model Mean Value for

properties 1930F 1960F 1990F all other models Glass Block walls
Thermal conductivity
U = 2.2 W/(m2 K) U= 1.8 W/(m2 K) U= 1.5 W/(m2 K) U= 3.2 W/(m2 K) Glass Block Dimensions Air Transmitted Sound - Sound Insulation
coefficient (U value)
Insulation Index LSM Index RwI
Thermal transmission
resistance I/∆ = 0.282 m2 K/W I/∆ = 0.396 m2 K/W I/∆ = 0.507 m2 K/W I/∆ = 0.144 m2 K/W
190 x 190 x 80 – 12 dB 40 dB
Fraction of total energy 190 x 190 x 80 BSH 20 – 5 dB 47 dB
transmission (g-value) g = 0,50 g = 0.54 g = 0.35 g = 0.65
240 x 240 x 80 – 10 dB 42 dB
240 x 115 x 80 – 7 dB 45 dB
300 x 300 x 100 – 11 dB 41 dB
Double Leaf
240 x 240 x 80 – 2 dB 50 dB

Sound insulation classes for windows in accordance with VDI Guideline 2719:

Sound Insulation Rw
class

6 ≥ 50dB
5 45-49dB
4 40-44dB
3 35-39dB
2 30-34dB
1 25-29dB
0 ≤ 25dB

nine ten
 Sound Insulation Transparency and Light Transmittance

Examples of Sound Insulation Measurements (R'w) of Weight Light Conductivity

Glass Block Walls The dead weight of Glass Block panels,
Light transmittance in light-directing Glass Blocks can be adjusted by an interior prismatic structure to direct the light toward the
ceiling. The ceiling should be bright and unstructured.
Sound levels dB Recommended Guidelines for including mortar joints (10mm), with the
Mean Sound Levels in Rooms The blocks have an imprint engraved in the top to indicate the proper installation position.
120 Riveter following specification are shown:
100 Motorcycle

-40dB
190 x190 x 80mm thick..........1.00 KN/m2 Light Ceiling
80
70 Road Traffic 190 x 190 x 100mm thick .......1.25 KN/m2
-45dB 60 Normal Conversation BSH20 198............................1.42 KN/m2
Lobbies, Waiting Rooms and Terminal Buildings
50 Soft Radio Music

40 Soft Conversation
Classrooms, Scientific Laboratories, Libraries, Doctors’ Offices,
Conference and Lecture Rooms, Churches The SOLARIS 198 BSH 20 Glass Block in
30 Whispering people
normalI single-leaf design, meets the
Bedrooms in Homes, Hotels and Hospitals requirements of Sound Insulation Class 5
(sound insulation index Rw 45-49 dB).
20
Transparency
Whispering Leaves For weights of other blocks consult “Designing
The degree of transparency of the Glass Block wall is determined by the type of Glass Block used.
with light and glass”, available from the
Whatever the requirements, virtually any degree of visibility protection is possible:
Architectural Products Division of Roadstone.
10
• from clear view Glass Blocks with plane parallel surfaces providing transparency from the inside without
any major distortions,
• to decorative blocks which make object recognition difficult, all the way to,
• Glass Blocks which only produce a diffused light and do not permit any form recognition - e.g. Sahara Range.

Light Transmittance (Light Transmittance of Glass Blocks DIN 67 507)

Glass Block walls have a high degree of light transmittance. For vertically incident light, the transmittance can be up to 75%
(transparent Glass Blocks), depending on the pattern of the block, and thus corresponds to that of normal double-glazed windows.
With bronze-tinted Glass Blocks, the light transmittance is approx. 49%.

Section through: Section through:

Glass Block BSH 20

Glass Blocks - as used in hospital foyer

eleven twelve
 Property Protection Product Specification

Glass Block walls provide high levels of security. Non Fire Rated Vertical Glass Block Panels
Typical applications include:
SOLARIS Glass Blocks as supplied by Roadstone Dublin Ltd. Architectural Products Division, are constructed generally to comply
• Observation Units • Sports Centres with DIN4242. Type (1) size (2) x x mm thick (3) pattern, hermetically
• Building Entrances • Medical Centres and Hospitals sealed hollow Glass Blocks, manufactured strictly in accordance with DIN18175. Glass Blocks shall be laid in Roadstone Universal
• Light walls in warehouses, manufacturing facilities or workshops • Libraries Glass Block Mortar conforming to DIN1053 when used in accordance with DIN4242. This mortar should be mixed on site with
• Security zones in industrial plants, airports, power stations etc. • Public Buildings clean water to required consistency. All joints must be fully compacted to a bucket handle finish with a smooth concave profile.
• Computer Centres • Prisons and Detention Centres Joint thickness will depend on Glass Block size (see page 8) and plan profile of panel (see curved walls page 23). Deformed high
• Banks and Financial Institutions • Universities and Colleges yield stainless steel reinforcing rods, as supplied by Roadstone and manufactured to BS6744:1986, to be set in selected bed
• Cellar windows joints, to allow each individual panel to resist the designed wind loading as required by CP3 Chapter V Part 2, BS 5628 Part 2
Germany’s Federal Criminal Investigation Service in Wiesbaden especially recommends Glass Blocks for a high level of personal 1985, DIN4242 Part 5.2.1 and BS 8110 1985 - (refer to design chart page 26). Glass Block panels must be erected on a
and property protection. suitable and adequate base previously prepared by others, coated with two applications of bituminous paint. Expansion material,
conforming to BS476 Part 4 1970 and Part 7 1987, to be positioned at the head and both jambs in accordance with details.
Bullet-Resistant Glazing Internal and external perimeter joints to be caulked with silicone sealant, manufactured in accordance with BS 5889 1989 Type A,
as supplied by Roadstone Architectural Products Division and applied in accordance with manufacturers instructions.
The special BSH 20 Glass Block looks similar to a standard Glass Block, but when subjected to triple firing as specified in DIN 52
290/Z, it meets the requirement of classification C 5-SA, the highest level of bullet resistance in glass. Single-shell Glass Block 1. State SOLARIS reference ..................example “198 Flemish”
elements will provide bullet resistance classification C3-SA on single firing, and C 2-SA for triple firing. 2. State dimensions ............................example “190 x 190 x 80mm”
Double-shell Glass Block elements provide bullet resistance classification C 5-SA on triple firing. 3. State pattern..................................example “Flemish”

Burglar-Resistant Glass Block Panels

The efficiency of Glass Block walls with a high level of burglar-proofing can be vastly improved by selecting specific Glass Block
sizes, joint widths and mortar joints reinforcements.
Resistance classification WK 10 is provided by Glass Blocks with dimensions up to 240 x 240 mm, and resistance class WK 60 is
provided by Glass Blocks with dimensions up to 200 x 200 mm, pre-supposing a cross-wires reinforcement of the mortar joints
with special steel.

Projectile-Resistant Glazing
In all application sizes, Glass Block walls provide a high level of safety against such projectiles as balls hitting the wall or
atmospheric disturbances such as earthquakes. No special installation method is required here; the stability comes about from the
stress-resistance of the individual Glass Blocks and their reinforcement.

BSH 20 Calibre Classifications of attack-resistance

Stress Calibre Type of Bullet mass Velocity Bullet No bullet hole, No bullet hole,
type bullet* mas (g) V2 5m/s distance (m) non splintering hole, splintering
1 9mm x 19 VMR/Wk 8.00 ± 0.10 355 to 365 3 C1 - SF C1 - SA
2 .357 Magnum VMKS/Wk 10.25 ± 0.10 415 to 425 3 C2 - SF C2 - CA
3 .44 Magnum VMF/Wk 15.55 ± 0.10 435 to 445 3 C3 - SF C3 - SA
4 7.62mm x 51 VMS/Wk 9.45 ± 0.10 785 to 795 10 C4 - SF C4 - SA
5 7.62mm x 51 VMS/Hk 9.75 ± 0.10 800 to 810 25 C5 - SF C5 - SA

VMR/Wk Full-jacketed round head bullet with soft core

VMKS/Wk Full-jacketed flat head bullet with soft core
VMF/Wk Full-jacketed conic spritzer bullet with soft core
VMS/Wk Full-jacketed spritzer bullet with soft core
VMS/Hk Full-jacketed spritzer bullet with hard core

thirteen fourteen
 HEAD DETAIL JAMB DETAIL
HEAD DETAIL JAMB DETAIL

SOLARIS GLASS BLOCKS

BY ROADSTONE

JOINT DETAIL BASE DETAIL

NOTES: JOINT DETAIL

1) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO CARRY LOADS FROM,
OR PROVIDE STABILITY TO THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE. PANELS
ARE ISOLATED FROM THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE BY MOVEMENT
JOINTS.
2) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED SOLELY TO SUPPORT THEIR
OWN WEIGHT, WIND LOADS AND HORIZONTAL LIVE LOADS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH RELEVANT SECTIONS OF BS 6399 AND TO
TRANSMIT THESE LOADS TO THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE.
3) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED TO SPAN IN ONE DIRECTION
ONLY AND ARE REINFORCED WITH RIBBED STAINLESS STEEL RODS,
GENERALLY IN THE SHORTEST SPAN.
4) FOR MAXIMUM PANEL SIZES, SPANS, REINFORCEMENT CENTRES
AND DIAMETER REFER TO DESIGN CHARTS.
5) SEE SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR DETAILS OF MATERIALS AND
WORKMANSHIP.
EXTERNAL CILL DETAIL
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE FROM
OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF GLASS BLOCKS IS TO BE
AVOIDED.
7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS BLOCK TO
REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No. REINFORCING BARS ARE USED AS
TYPICAL DETAILS PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT.
8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH TECHNICAL
AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS MANUAL. REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR
DISCLAIMER.
NOTES:
1) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO
CARRY LOADS FROM, OR PROVIDE STABILITY TO
THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE. PANELS ARE
ISOLATED FROM THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE BY
MOVEMENT JOINTS.
2) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED SOLELY TO
SUPPORT THEIR OWN WEIGHT, WIND LOADS AND
HORIZONTAL LIVE LOADS IN ACCORDANCE WITH
RELEVANT SECTIONS OF BS 6399 AND TO TRANSMIT
THESE LOADS TO THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE.
3) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED TO SPAN IN
ONE DIRECTION ONLY AND ARE REINFORCED WITH
RIBBED STAINLESS STEEL RODS, GENERALLY IN THE
SHORTEST SPAN.
4) FOR MAXIMUM PANEL SIZES, SPANS,
REINFORCEMENT CENTRES AND DIAMETER REFER
TO DESIGN CHARTS.
BASE DETAIL
5) SEE SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR DETAILS OF
MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP.
TYPICAL DETAILS
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE
FROM OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF
GLASS BLOCKS IS TO BE AVOIDED.
7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS
BLOCK TO REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No.
REINFORCING BARS ARE USED AS PRIMARY
REINFORCEMENT.
8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION SOLARIS GLASS BLOCKS
WITH TECHNICAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
MANUAL. REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR DISCLAIMER. BY ROADSTONE

HORIZONTALLY SPANNING PANELS ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,

VERTICALLY SPANNING PANELS ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,
TYPICAL DETAILS ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
TYPICAL DETAILS ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
Drg. No. 9648 / 01 D a t e : Oct. 99 Drg. No. 9648 / 02 Date: Oct. 99

fifteen sixteen
 SOLARIS GLASS BLOCKS
HEAD DETAIL BY ROADSTONE JAMB DETAIL
TYPICAL DETAILS
JOINT DETAIL
BASE DETAIL
NOTES:
1) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO
CARRY LOADS FROM, OR PROVIDE STABILITY TO
THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE. PANELS ARE
ISOLATED FROM THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE BY
MOVEMENT JOINTS.
2) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED SOLELY TO
SUPPORT THEIR OWN WEIGHT, WIND LOADS AND
HORIZONTAL LIVE LOADS IN ACCORDANCE WITH
RELEVANT SECTIONS OF BS 6399 AND TO TRANSMIT
THESE LOADS TO THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE.
3) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED TO SPAN IN
ONE DIRECTION ONLY AND ARE REINFORCED WITH
RIBBED STAINLESS STEEL RODS, GENERALLY IN THE
SHORTEST SPAN.
EXTERNAL CILL DETAIL 4) FOR MAXIMUM PANEL SIZES, SPANS,
REINFORCEMENT CENTRES AND DIAMETER REFER
TO DESIGN CHARTS.
HORIZONTALLY SPANNING PANELS ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,
WITH PREFABRICATED CHANNELS ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
Drg. No. 9648 / 03 Date: Oct. 99
seventeen
HEAD DETAIL
JAMB DETAIL
SOLARIS GLASS BLOCKS NOTES:
BY ROADSTONE 1) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO CARRY
LOADS FROM, OR PROVIDE STABILITY TO THE
SUPPORTING STRUCTURE. PANELS ARE ISOLATED
FROM THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE BY MOVEMENT
JOINTS.
2) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED SOLELY TO
SUPPORT THEIR OWN WEIGHT, WIND LOADS AND
HORIZONTAL LIVE LOADS IN ACCORDANCE WITH
JOINT DETAIL RELEVANT SECTIONS OF BS 6399 AND TO TRANSMIT
THESE LOADS TO THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE.
3) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED TO SPAN IN ONE
DIRECTION ONLY AND ARE REINFORCED WITH RIBBED
STAINLESS STEEL RODS, GENERALLY IN THE SHORTEST
SPAN.
4) FOR MAXIMUM PANEL SIZES, SPANS, REINFORCEMENT
CENTRES AND DIAMETER REFER TO DESIGN CHARTS.
5) SEE SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR DETAILS OF MATERIALS
AND WORKMANSHIP.
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE FROM
OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF GLASS
BLOCKS IS TO BE AVOIDED.
5) SEE SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR DETAILS OF
MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP. 7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS BLOCK
TO REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No. REINFORCING BARS
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT ARE USED AS PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT.
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE
FROM OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF 8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH
GLASS BLOCKS IS TO BE AVOIDED. TECHNICAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS MANUAL.
REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR DISCLAIMER.
7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS
BLOCK TO REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No.
REINFORCING BARS ARE USED AS PRIMARY
REINFORCEMENT.
8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION
WITH TECHNICAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
MANUAL. REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR DISCLAIMER.
EXTERNAL CILL DETAIL TYPICAL DETAILS
HORIZONTALLY & VERTICALLY SPANNING ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,
PANELS WITH PERIMETER CHANNELS ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
Drg. No. 9648 / 04 Date: Oct. 99
eighteen

TYPICAL HEAD DETAIL
TYPICAL CILL DETAIL
NOTES:
1) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO
CARRY LOADS FROM, OR PROVIDE STABILITY TO
THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE. PANELS ARE
ISOLATED FROM THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE BY
MOVEMENT JOINTS.
2) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED SOLELY TO
SUPPORT THEIR OWN WEIGHT, WIND LOADS AND
HORIZONTAL LIVE LOADS IN ACCORDANCE WITH
RELEVANT SECTIONS OF BS 6399 AND TO
TRANSMIT THESE LOADS TO THE SUPPORTING
STRUCTURE.
HORIZONTALLY SPANNING PANELS
MASONRY DETAILS
Drg. No. 9648 / 05
nineteen
TYPICAL DETAILS
JAMB DETAIL
3) GLASS BLOCK PANELS ARE DESIGNED TO SPAN IN
ONE DIRECTION ONLY AND ARE REINFORCED WITH
RIBBED STAINLESS STEEL RODS, GENERALLY IN
THE SHORTEST SPAN.
4) FOR MAXIMUM PANEL SIZES, SPANS,
REINFORCEMENT CENTRES AND DIAMETER REFER
TO DESIGN CHARTS.
5) SEE SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR DETAILS OF
MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP.
ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,
ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
Date: Oct. 99
SOLARIS GLASS BLOCKS
BY ROADSTONE
TYPICAL DETAILS
TYPICAL JAMB DETAIL
HORIZONTAL EXPANSION
JOINT
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE FROM
OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF GLASS
BLOCKS IS TO BE AVOIDED.
7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS BLOCK
TO REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No. REINFORCING BARS
ARE USED AS PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT.
8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH
TECHNICAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS MANUAL.
REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR DISCLAIMER.
VERTICAL EXPANSION
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE JOINT
FROM OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF
GLASS BLOCKS IS TO BE AVOIDED.
7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS
BLOCK TO REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No.
REINFORCING BARS ARE USED AS PRIMARY
REINFORCEMENT.
8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION
WITH TECHNICAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
MANUAL. REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR DISCLAIMER.
EXPANSION JOINT DETAILS ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,
ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
Drg. No. 9648 / 07 Scale Date: Oct. 99
twenty
 Door and Window Elements

Elements such as doors, windows, vents etc., built into Glass Block walls must be dimensioned in accordance with the Glass Block
module.

A
A reliable door closer,
either floor mounted
A or standard height, is
recommended.

TYPICAL CORNER DETAIL B B

SOLARIS GLASS BLOCKS

BY ROADSTONE

Section A-A Elevation

Wiring Channel
Prefabricated Switch Box
6) THE PERIMETER EXPANSION AND SLIDING JOINT
MUST BE METICULOUSLY EXECUTED AND FREE FROM
OBSTRUCTIONS IF FUTURE CRACKING OF GLASS Plan Section B-B
BLOCKS IS TO BE AVOIDED.
7) ENSURE 15MM COVER FROM OUTSIDE OF GLASS BLOCK
TO REINFORCEMENT WHEN 2 No. REINFORCING BARS
ARE USED AS PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT. TYPICAL DETAILS
8) DETAILS TO BE READ STRICTLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH
TECHNICAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS MANUAL.
REFER TO PAGE 3 FOR DISCLAIMER.

CORNER DETAILS ROADSTONE DUBLIN LTD.,

ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS DIVISION.
Drg. No. 9648 / 08 Scale Date: Oct. 99

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 Curved Walls Relevant Standards

Vertical expansion joints must be provided at the maximum panel width, or at least every 6 meters, on Glass Block walls with a Standards
single curve. Multiple-curved walls require expansion joints at the turning point of the curves.
The following standards should be observed when installing a Glass Block wall:
The minimum internal joint width is 8mm.
Building Regulations 1997 - Technical Guidance Document
DIN 18175 - Glass Blocks, production
DIN 4242 - Glass Blocks, construction and dimensioning
Other applicable norms are:
DIN 488 - Reinforcing Steel; Definition and Properties
Glass Block
DIN 1045 - Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
DIN 1053 - Mortar and Masonry
DIN 1055 - Design Loads
DIN 4102, - Part 13, - Fire Protection
DIN 4103, - Part 1 - Non-Load-Bearing Walls
Expansion Joint. See detail 9648/07 DIN 4108, - Thermal Insulation
See page 20 for Typical Detail DIN 4109, - Sound Insulation in Building
Plan
BS 6399 - Loading for Buildings

The following new European norms apply in addition to DIN 1045 and 1053:
ENV 1992 - Steel Concrete
ENV 206 - Concrete, Characteristics and Manufacture
Glass Block Dimensions
In addition to DIN 4102: EN 357 - Fire Protection
Internal Radius Internal or external vertical joint width is based on 8mm min. joint on one face
of Curve in
115 x 115 190 x 190 240 x 240 300 x 330 190 x 190
Meters
x 80mm x 80mm x 80mm x 100mm x 100mm
0.5 28.0 40.0 48.0 70.0 48.0
0.6 24.7 34.7 41.7 59.7 41.4
0.7 22.3 30.8 36.6 52.3 36.6
0.8 20.5 28.0 33.0 46.0 33.0
0.9 19.1 25.8 30.2 42.4 30.2
1.0 18.0 24.0 28.0 39.0 28.0
1.5 14.6 18.6 21.3 28.7 21.3
2.0 13.0 16.0 18.0 23.5 18.0
2.5 12.0 14.4 16.0 20.4 16.0
3.0 11.3 13.3 14.7 18.3 14.3
3.5 10.9 12.6 13.7 16.9 13.7
4.0 10.9 12.0 13.0 15.8 13.0
5.0 10.0 11.2 12.0 14.2 12.0
6.0 7.7 10.7 11.4 13.2 11.4
7.0 9.4 10.3 10.9 - 10.9
8.0 9.25 10.0 10.5 - 10.5
9.0 9.1 9.77 10.2 - 10.2
20.0 8.5 8.8 9.0 - 9.0

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 Reinforcement of Glass Block Panels - (non-fire rated) Reinforcement Table of Maximum Spans for Glass Block Panels
(Non-Fire Rated Panels)
The table on page 26 indicates primary and secondary reinforcement required for various panel sizes for a given range of wind Wind load kN / sq m
Glass Block Size 0.5 1 1.5 Primary Reinforcement Required Notes to Table
load conditions. Below is an example of how this table is used, assuming a 190 x 190 x 80mm Glass Block was specified. Span in metres
3.4 2.4 1.8 1 No. 6 mm @ 400mm crs Secondary Reinforcement
3.8 2.8 2.2 1 No. 8 mm @ 400mm crs
3.8 3.0 2.4 1 No. 6 mm @ 200mm crs 1.1 In horizontally spanning panels
Horizontally Spanning Panel 190 x 190 x 80
3.8 2.8 2.2 1 No. 8 mm @ 200mm crs (detail 01) – secondary
3.8 3.0 2.6 2 No. 6 mm @ 400mm crs reinforcement is placed at the rate
See details 01 - 03 - 04 - 05
3.8 3.0 2.6 2 No. 8 mm @ 400mm crs of 50% of primary steel.
Example: Panel size required ...3.8m x 6m
3.8 3.0 2.6 2 No. 6 mm @ 200mm crs
3.8 3.0 2.6 2 No. 8 mm @ 200mm crs E.g. Using 190 x 190 block –
Given: Glass Block ..............190 x 190 x 80mm primary reinforcement at 400mm
Wind Load ...............0.5kN/m2 3.8 2.8 2.2 1 No. 6 mm @ 400mm crs centres horizontally – secondary

6m
4.6 3.4 2.8 1 No. 8 mm @ 400mm crs
reinforcement will be at 800mm
4.6 3.6 2.8 1 No. 6 mm @ 200mm crs
Table Page 26 indicates: 4.6 3.6 3.0 1 No. 8 mm @ 200mm crs centres vertically.
190 x 190 x 100
4.6 3.6 2.8 2 No. 6 mm @ 400mm crs 1.2 In vertically spanning panels
Primary Steel.........................1 No. 8mm dia. bar @ 400mm crs. 4.6 3.8 3.2 2 No. 8 mm @ 400mm crs (detail 02) –
Secondary Steel .....................1 No. 8mm dia. bar @ 800mm crs. 4.6 3.8 3.2 2 No. 6 mm @ 200mm crs
i.e. where primary reinforcement
4.6 3.8 3.2 2 No. 8 mm @ 200mm crs
spans vertically – secondary
3.00 2.00 1.75 1 No. 6 mm @ 500mm crs reinforcement is placed every 3rd
Note: Table also indicates that increasing primary reinforcement
3.8m 3.75 2.50 2.00 1 No. 8 mm @ 500mm crs bed joint horizontally.
to 200mm crs horizontally will not increase allowable span. 3.75 2.75 2.25 1 No. 6 mm @ 250mm crs
This is due to deflection limitations. Elevation - (Horizontally Spanning Panel) E.g. Using 190 x 190 block –
3.75 2.75 2.25 1 No. 8 mm @ 250mm crs
240 x 240 x 80
3.75 3.00 2.25 2 No. 6 mm @ 500mm crs primary reinforcement at 400mm
3.75 3.00 2.50 2 No. 8 mm @ 500mm crs centres vertically – secondary
3.75 3.00 2.50 2 No. 6 mm @ 250mm crs reinforcement will be at 600mm
3.75 3.00 2.50 2 No. 8 mm @ 250mm crs
centres horizontally.
3.750 2.875 2.250 1 No. 6 mm @ 250mm crs 2. Ensure 15mm cover from face of Glass
3.750 2.875 2.375 1 No. 8 mm @ 250mm crs
Block to reinforcement. Ensure
3.750 3.000 2.375 1 No. 6 mm @ 125mm crs
2.750 1.875 1.500 1 No. 8 mm @ 125mm crs reinforcement does not come in contact
Vertically Spanning Panels 115 x 115 x 80 with Glass Block.
See details 02 - 03 - 04 3.750 3.000 2.625 2 No. 6 mm @ 250mm crs
3.750 3.000 2.625 2 No. 8 mm @ 250mm crs 3. Maximum allowable length/height of
Primary Steel ........1 No. 8mm dia. bar @ 400mm crs. 3.750 3.000 2.625 2 No. 6 mm @ 125mm crs
adjacent side is 6m.
3.750 3.000 2.625 2 No. 8 mm @ 125mm crs
3.8m

Secondary Steel.....1 No. 8mm dia. bar @ 600mm crs. 4. Disclaimer: Roadstone Architectural
3.00 2.00 1.75 1 No. 6 mm @ 500mm crs Products Division in consultation with
i.e. one every third bed joint horizontally. 3.75 2.50 2.00 1 No. 8 mm @ 500mm crs
their technical consultants prepared this
3.75 2.75 2.25 1 No. 6 mm @ 250mm crs
3.75 2.75 2.25 1 No. 8 mm @ 250mm crs document. The function of the document
240 x 115 x 80
3.75 3.00 2.25 2 No. 6 mm @ 500mm crs is to assist architects and engineers
6m 3.75 3.00 2.50 2 No. 8 mm @ 500mm crs considering the use of Glass Block panels
3.75 3.00 2.50 2 No. 6 mm @ 250mm crs in building projects. It addresses some
Elevation - (Vertically Spanning Panel) 3.75 3.00 2.50 2 No. 8 mm @ 250mm crs
typical situations and is not a substitute
3.10 2.17 1.86 1 No. 6 mm @ 620mm crs for detail design. Users of the information
4.03 2.79 2.17 1 No. 8 mm @ 620mm crs provided in the document do so on their
4.34 3.10 2.48 1 No. 6 mm @ 310mm crs own responsibility and Roadstone or its
4.65 3.72 2.79 1 No. 8 mm @ 310mm crs
300 x 300 x 100 technical consultants accept no liability.
4.03 2.79 2.17 2 No. 6 mm @ 620mm crs
Further information and assistance can
4.65 3.72 3.10 2 No. 8 mm @ 620mm crs
4.65 3.72 3.10 2 No. 6 mm @ 310mm crs be obtained by contacting Roadstone
4.65 3.72 3.10 2 No. 8 mm @ 310mm crs Architectural Products Division.

twenty-five twenty-six
 Materials and Setting Techniques Construction Guidelines

The following materials are required for the satisfactory construction of Glass Block panels. Items 1 - 6 are supplied by Roadstone. • Glass Block walls are not load-bearing walls and may not be allowed to assume any additional loads from the main structure.
1. SOLARIS Glass Blocks. • Glass Block walls must be supported on at least two opposite sides in such a way that the horizontal loads from the wall can be
2. Universal Glass Block mortar. safely transmitted.
3. Stainless steel deformed reinforcing rods 6 or 8mm in diameter.
• The supporting structure must be capable of supporting all loads.
4. Expansion Fibre.
5. Sealant for internal / external perimeter joints. • Glass Block walls do not carry any dead loads other than their own weight.
6. Coloured pointing mortar (if different from white).
7. Bitumen paint or D.P.C. - by others. • Structural Opes must be built to suit Glass Block dimensions (see page 8)
8. Channels for edge perimeter detail - by others.
• The whole surface of the Glass Block should be seen and not hidden by other finishes eg. plaster, tiling or channels.
Setting Technique • Expansion and slip joints must be executed meticulously to protect the panel from inadmissible loads. Failure to do this may
Glass Blocks must be constructed by an experienced craftsman. result in future cracking of Glass Blocks.
The Glass Blocks should be laid in Roadstone Universal Glass Block mortar insuring that both horizontal and vertical joints are fully • Adequate protection and bracing must be provided during and after construction until the wall has fully set.
compacted. The joints can then be raked out to a depth of 10-12mm and pointed as soon as the stability of the panel allows - thus
insuring optimum bond.
The finished joint should be tightly pointed to a 3mm concave smooth finish using Universal Glass Block mortar. Coloured pointing
is also available on request. Only mix sufficient mortar that can be used before initial set. Never use re-tampered mortar.
The Glass Block panel must be reinforced horizontally and vertically with stainless steel ribbed bars in accordance with design
charts on page 26 or Engineers’ details. The bars are embedded in the mortar and must not come in contact with the Glass Blocks. Cleaning and Maintenance
Movement joints at two sides and head must be incorporated to protect the panel from inadmissible loads. They must be
meticulously executed if future cracking of Glass Blocks is to be avoided. They may not be plastered over inside or out, or
obstructed by tiling or similar elements. These joints are formed with permantly elastic and weather proof material, to a thickness Cleaning
- width of between 10 - 20mm. Sliding joint at base should be made of two coats of bitumous paint or other approved material.
SOLARIS Glass Blocks panels require very little maintenance after installation, other than occasional cleaning. Use only clean
water, do not use acid wash or any chemical solution.
Bracing and Protection Should stubborn stains occur on the face of the Glass Block, it is recommended that a very fine piece of steel wool grade “00” is
It is essential that all new work is adequately braced and protected during and after construction in accordance with Engineers’ used. Ensure that during the removal of stubborn stains the mortar joints are not touched. The mortar surfaces should be cleaned
requirements and the requirements of DIN4242 Glass Block walls: construction and dimensioning. Pointing, including coloured with a dry clean cloth as required.
pointing mortar (when specified) must be protected from rapid drying and must be sufficiently compacted to prevent penetration
A clear acrylic coating may be applied to the outer faces of the Glass Block, which assists in keeping them clean.
to the inside.
Repairs
Laying Temperature
Repairs to Glass Block panels can be effected as follows. The damaged Glass Block should be broken out as far as possible, taking
Glass Block walls must not be constructed at temperatures below +5°C. In the event of a temperature drop below +5°C, it must
care not to damage adjoining Glass Blocks. The opening should then be trimmed to accommodate the new block; this can be
be ensured that the walls have sufficiently high temperature during the setting of the mortar.
achieved either by the use of hand tools or mechanical grinder/cutter. The replacement Glass Block should then be set in place
using a stiff mortar and jointed.
Expansion Joints
Expansion joints are required at maximum panel lengths of 6m. in order to restrict restraining forces within the Glass Block panel.

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 190x190x160 mm
WFRC No. C82298
Appendix 1/a1.6
Z-19.14-1197
Single leaf

160mm
Allowed

1990 F
90 min

9.0m2
Fire Rated Glass Blocks

6.0m
6.0m
F 90
Fire resistance of vertical glazing panels constructed with SOLARIS Glass Blocks from Roadstone. Fire rated panels require special construction and reinforcement details.

190x190x160 mm
WFRC No. C82298
Appendix 1/a1.5
Roadstone Solaris Glass Blocks are available in a range which can achieve fire ratings, from 30 min. integrity to 90 min.’s

Z-19.14-1198
Single leaf
F – Integrity & Insulation

160mm
Allowed
insulation. Different Glass Block types achieve different ratings depending on panel sizes. The table opposite show full details

1960 F
60 min

9.0m2
6.0m
6.0m
F 60
These are shown in the relevant fire certificates. Copies are available from Roadstone Architectural Products Division. Tel: 01- 834 3322 Fax: 01-834 3931.
of these.
All Glass Blocks achieve a degree of fire rating when built in accordance with details contained in relevant fire certificates.
See page 30.
The most common Glass Blocks used in fire rated panels are indicated below.

190x190x80mm
Z-19.14-525
Double leaf

198BSH 20
200mm
Allowed
60 min

4.4m2
3.5m
6.0m
F 60
Type: Size: Finish Available:
1980 BSH 20 190 x 190 x 80 Flemish/ Clearview / Sahara / Orsa
1930 F 190 x 190 x 80 Clearview / Sahara Finish (one or both sides)

WARRES No. 68347

190x190x80mm
& WFRC C82298
1960 F 190 x 190 x 160 Clearview / Sahara Finish (one or both sides)

Z-19.14-1196
Single leaf
Allowed
30 min

80mm

1930F
1990 F 190 x 190 x 160 Clearview / Sahara Finish (one or both sides)

9.0m2
6.0m
6.0m
F 30
The above four Glass Block types are available in ‘white’ colour only.
Copy of Fire Certificates, including Construction Details, are available on request.

190x190x80mm
Z-19.14-527
Double leaf

198BSH 20
120 min

200mm
Allowed
G 120

4.4m2
3.5m
6.0m
Product Specification

3. F – Insulation – in addition to G – (Integrity), the Glass Block wall must prevent the penetration of heat radiation for a specified time.
190x190x80mm
DIN 4102 Part 4
Not allowed

Double leaf
120 min

All types
200mm
G 120

3.5m2
3.5m
6.0m
Fire Rated Vertical Glass Block Panels

2. G – Integrity, means that the Glass Block wall must prevent the penetration of smoke and flames for a specified time.
G – Integrity Only
SOLARIS Glass Blocks as supplied by Roadstone Dublin Ltd. Architectural Products Division, constructed strictly in accordance

WFRC No. C82298

Appendix 1/a1.2

190x190x80mm
Z-19.14-526

198BSH 20
with the relevant Fire Certificate* and complying with DIN 18175.

Single leaf
Allowed
90 min

80mm
9.0m2
3.5m
6.0m
G 90
Example: Type - “1960 F” Size - “190 x 190 x 160mm” Pattern - “Clearview” laid in Roadstone Universal Glass
Block mortar manufactured to conform to DIN 1053. The mortar should be mixed on site to required consistency, joints must be
fully compacted and finished “Bucket handle” to a smooth concave profile. Reinforcement shall be stainless steel deformed rods
manufactured to B.S. 6744 1986 and placed in horizontal and vertical joints, in accordance with details contained in the relevant

190x190x80mm
DIN 4102 Part 4
Not allowed

1. Rowing means a series/row of Glass Block panels in a continuous line/strip.

Fire Certificate and structural engineers’ requirements. FIBRE insulation material where shown must conform to

Single leaf

All types
60 min

80mm
3.5m2
3.5m
6.0m
G 60
B.S. 476 Part 4 1970 and Part 7 1987.
Internal and external perimeter joints must be caulked with fire resistant sealant, manufactured in accordance with
B.S. 5889 Type A and tested to B.S. 476 Part 20 1987 and DIN 4102 Part 4 and Part 13.

WFRC No. C82298

The panel should be erected on a previously prepared base by others.

Appendix 1/a1.1

240x240x80mm
80mm (100mm)

Z-19.14-1186

All sizes up to
Single leaf

or 100m
All types
Allowed
30 min
* Copies available from Roadstone Architectural Products Division. Tel: (01) 834 3322 Fax: (01) 834 3931.

6.0m
6.0m
G 30

9 m2
Maximum Panel Area Permissible

Warrington Fire Research Centre

Rowing of Glass Blocks (Note 1)
Fire resistance Classification to

Thickness of Glass Block wall

DIN 4102 Part 4/Part 13

Certificates or Standards

Warrington Report No.

Maximum Height

Glass Block types

Maximum Width

Installation Type

Glass sizes
German

Notes to Table
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 Biotechnology Department UCD - Alpha White Restaurant Curved Wall - Flemish White

Apartments - Flemish White with Prefabricated Corner Unit Private Residence Samba Turquoise

thirty-one thirty-two
 Amusement Arcade - Clear White Bathroom - Clear Sahara White

Shopping mall - Flemish Turquoise Conference Room - Clear White

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