ONLINE SUMMER RESEARCH TRANING PROGRAM (SRTP-2020)

CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Hyderabad-500007, India.

Course Completion Requirement (to Obtain Training Certificate)

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Mentees should submit the Annexures I to VI to srtp.iict@gmail.com

2. The project summary (ANNEXURE I) must be limited to 2000 words plus a maximum
number of 6 figures, tables, and schemes together. The total report should be within 6 pages in
Times New Roman font with 12 font size and 1.5 spacing. Please submit this document after
prior approval from your mentor

Annexure I Project summary

Annexure II Lectures Summary (broadcasted from NEIST)
Annexure III Lectures Summary (broadcasted from NEIST)
Annexure IV Feedback from Mentee
Annexure V Mentee’s details
Annexure VI Mentees self-evaluation form
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1. TITLE:
WASTE WATER TREATMENT BY USING MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS
2. BACKGROUND:
In our day to day life we are consuming more fossil fuels. As it is source of energy. We are heavily
dependent on the burning of fossil fuels .probably in the next few decades they may get exhausted.
Even though they form due to geological processes but it takes millions of years to form. The
consumption of fossil fuels releases CO and CO2 into atmosphere and causes pollution .as usually
there will be rapid increase in the global warming and causes heavy water pollution. One way to
combat this problem with the renewable sources of energy like solar energy, Wind energy, tidal
energy, geothermal energy, etc, thus for developing new technologies there should be a alternative
energy sources.
In this regard we came up with a new technology of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). These are the type
of fuel cells. They have gain lime light in the recent years Microbial Fuel Cell is an electro chemical
device which could transform organic substrates presented in waste water to electrical energy by using
a redox reaction performed by micro organisms y a microbial reaction the reaction called microbial
reaction and the fuel here is organic load of waste water.

Figure 1: microbial fuel cell basic diagram

A typical MFC consists of two chamber compartments of anode and cathode which are separated by a
membrane similar to that of fuel cells. But here the microbes are acts as catalysts. In the anodic
chamber the microbes are must. The anodic compartment is maintained at anaerobic conditions and
the microbes in the anodic compartment metabolize the organic matter from waste water .these organic
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matter acts as electron donors. This metabolism results in the generation of electrons and protons. The
electrons are then transferred to the anode surface with the help of mediator. The electrons move from
anode to cathode through the electrical circuit and protons are transferred from anode to cathode
through a membrane of proton exchange provided in between them. At the cathode compartment the
electrons and the protons are consumed where it is aerobic chamber. Hence as a result there forms
pure water from the protons and oxygen present there. The typical Microbial Fuel Cell is shown in
figure1.
3. OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of my research are mainly focused on the following:
 My area of research interest focused on the waste water treatment by using Microbial Fuel Cells
from different sources of waste water.
 To generate high power output from the organic wastes collected from the waste water by using
efficient microbial fuel cells.
 For the better performance and efficiency of MFCs are improved by modifications with nano
materials and with the superbugs.
 Advantages and disadvantages of MFCs are discussed.
4. METHODOLOGY:
Materials required for the waste water treatment:
ANODE:
Generally used anode materials in microbial fuel cells are Graphite, graphite felt, carbon paper, cloth,
Pt, Pt black and Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVL).
CATHODE:
Generally used cathode materials are graphite, graphite felt, carbon paper, carbon cloth, Pt, Pt black,
Reticulated Vitreous Carbon, etc.,
PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE:
Mostly used PEM as nafion, ultrex, polyethylene, sulfonated polystyrene, styrene-co-divinyl benzene.
As well as salt bridge, porcelain septum or solely electrolyte.
ELECTRODE CATALYST:
All MFCs do not need electrode catalysts only in some cases we need them. Generally polyaniline,
electron mediator immobilized on anode, MnO2, Fe3+, Pt, Pt black are used.
MICRO- ORGANISMS:
Generally we use micro organisms are
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 Geobacter (lovely et al.1993; Rotary et al. 201; Nevin et al. 2008)

 Shewanella (Gorby et al. 2006; Watson & logan2010;wang et al.2013)
 Rhodoferax ferrireducens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
 Cyano bacterial strains of Anabaena and Nostoc are used as biocatalyst in MFCs.
 Mixed sea water culture and mixed active sludge culture are also used.
SUBSTRATES:
We use the organic loaded waste water as a substrate it acts as a fuel. Usually we take industrial waste
water, municipal waste water, kitchen waste water, dairy pollutants, from the septic tanks, Domestic waste
water, sludge, etc.,
METHODOLOGY:
The anode and cathode chambers are made up of glass, poly carbonate or Plexiglas. The anode chamber is
maintained at anaerobic condition and the cathode chamber is aerobically maintained. The organic loaded
waste water is used as a fuel which is rich in nitrogen and phosphorous will increase the COD values. This
water enters into the anodic chamber. The micro organisms are electrochemically active substances which
oxidize the organic matter biologically to produce electrons and it transfers the electrons through the
mediators or by some redox reaction done by cytochromes. Thus forms a biofilm which is used as a
biocatalyst to perform electrode redox reaction that means the catalytical oxidation reaction at the anode &
chemical reaction at cathode.

Figure: 2 microbial fuel cell with a bacterium transfers electrons from the glucose to the anodic surface.
There should be a standard oxidizing agent with suitable electron acceptor such as oxygen or ferricyanide.
By the degradation of organic matter produces protons and electrons are transferred to the anodic surface
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and then to cathode through the circuit. Protons are transferred to cathode across the proton exchange
membranes the sulfonated groups present in the membrane extracts the proton and there forms H3O+
groups there by transfer of proton takes place by grotthuss mechanism. at the anode the organic matter
degrades and produces protons, electrons & CO2 . At the cathode chamber the electrons combines with
oxygen and proton forms water. By the flow of electrons through the circuit and generates electricity.
Anodic reaction:
CXHYOZ + H2O→CO2+ e- + H+
Cathode reaction:
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H20
5. MAIN FINDINGS:
 We observe maximum power densities in case of pure substrates such as glucose, acetate and
sucrose compared to the complex substrates of waste water.
 The mixed sea water culture and mixed active sludge culture of micro organisms generated
maximum power densities from the following table.
 Laundry waste water and Kitchen waste water are the good source of MFCs.
S.No Micro-organisms Substrates Anode Current Power reference
taken material (mA) generated(Mw/m2)
1. Geobacter acetate Graphite 0.040 13 Bond &
sulfurreducens lovely 2018
2. Shewanella lactate Woven 0.031 0.19 Kim et
putrefaciens graphite al.2012
3. Mixed sea water acetate Graphite 0.23 10 Bond et
culture al2012
4. Mixed sea water Sulphide/ Graphite 60 32 Tender et
culture acetate al. 2012
5. Mixed active glucose Graphite 30 3600 Rabaey et
sludge culture al.2013
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 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:

TITLE AUTHOR, REMARKS

S.No REFERENCE,YE
AR OF ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
PUBLICATION

1. Microbial fuel C Santaro, et al, Waste water treatment: Limited Power:

cells: from 2017. Journal of Generally waste water contains Microbial fuel cells produ
fundamentals to Power Sources, organic matter which causes the limited power the hig
applications a 356, 225-244 severe health problems to living power densities reported
review http://dx.doi.org/10 things. This problem came up with 50W/cm3as per 2006. So
.1016/j.jpowsour.2 a solution of Microbial fuel cells, have only application in r
017.03.109 which uses selective microbes and monitoring devices becau
removes sulfides as required waste they has low power need
water treatment. During the Waste
Water Treatment the growth of bio
electrochemically active microbes
can be promoted by substrates of
MFC. In this way we can get the
energy production and sludge
reduction by anaerobic production
2. Biotechnology , David Alternative source of Thermodynamical Factor
Chapter-12- P. Clark, Nanette fuel/secondary fuel production: The inability of Microbia
Environmental J. Pazdernik, 2016. As they involve in the production cells to treat all metal ion
Biotechnology  Biotechnology of Hydrogen as an alternative to because some metal ions
(second edition), electricity under regular thermodynamically not
applying the conditions. The electrons and favourable and some are
genetic revolution protons produces in anodic favourable thermodynam
pages 393-418 chamber are transferred to The Nickel reduction at t
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https://www.scienc cathodic there it combines with cathode compartment

edirect.com/topics/ oxygen and produces H2 gas this unachievable through MF
biochemistry- production not favoured
genetics-and- Thermodynamically
molecular-biology/
microbial-fuel-cell
3. Recent Minghua Water toxicity detection: Toxicity of the material:
advances in Zhou,Hongyu If any toxic element present in the The Bio toxicity of certai
microbial fuel Wang,Daniel J. aqueous organic matter. Those can heavy metals would nega
cells Hassett and be detected by MFCs by altering effect the performance of
(MFCs)and Tingyue Gu, the metabolic activity of microbes MFCs and causes to low
microbial 2013.Chem this can be detected by monitoring generation.
electrolysis Technol & the perturbations in the electric
cells (MECs) Biotechnol 88; 508- current generated by MFCs
for waste water 518.
treatment, doi:10.1002/jctb.40
bioenergy and 04
bioproducts
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4. Microbial fuel Logan BE and Detection of BOD: pH buffer and electrolyte

cells-challenges Regan JM, 2006. The conventional methods we use
and Environ Sci to calculate the BOD is not
Applications Technol, 40:5172– suitable for online screening but
5180. the MFCs with replaceable
anaerobic consortium are used as
bio sensor for online monitoring of losses will occur due to p
BOD. There is a correlation
between the coulombic yield of
MFC and the organic matter in
waste water through MFC as a
BOD sensor
We have to maintain the
pH buffer to microbes fo
growth and electrolyte pl
major role in the electron
transfer mechanisms. Vo
difference between the
chambers

5. Nanomaterial Kuan Shiong Khoo, Electricity generation: The operating conditions

utilization in Wen Yi Chia, Doris The microbes have the potential to chambers: The operating
Biomass for Ying Tang, Pau convert the chemical energy to conditions in cathodic an
biofuel and Loke Show, Kit electrical energy If any compound anodic chambers such as
bioenergy Wayne Chew, and that can be metabolized by temparature, pH, mainten
production Wei-Hsin Chen bacteria can be converted into and the type of oxidant w
2020. Energies Electricity. Resource recovery in in cathodic chamber will
MDPI, Open the dairy industry, Bio electricity the performance of MFC
Access Journal, production using continuous the concentration losses a
vol. 13(4):1-19 microbial fuel cells. occur due to the uneven
Doi: depletion of reagents whi
10.3390/en1304089 cause concentration grad
2 due to not proper mixing
6. A state of the Du Z, Li H and Gu Hydrogen peroxide: Proton exchange system:
art review on T, 2007. Biotechnol In MFC at cathode terminal we get Mainly the systems are a
microbial fuel Adv 25:464–482 H2O2 it is commonly used for membranes (PEM) and sa
cells: a doi:10.1016/j.biote bleaching and cleaning purpose. It bridges which are used fo
promising chadv.2007.05.004. is commercially produced by toxic proton exchange from an
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technology for method of anthraquinone process cathode .The main

wastewater It is expensive so MFCs are disadvantage of PEM les
treatment and alternative for H2O2production MFCs is that the CE is m
bioenergy lower than those of PEM
MFCs this result in
deterioration of performa
and produces less electric
High cost and low efficie
proton transfer and mass
transfer through the mem
7. Porous ceramic Biomass: Electrodes used:
Rebecca Thorne,
anode Materials MFCs Play vital role in production The electrode material w
Huaining Hu,
for photo of bioelectricity, an algae we use in MFCs will infl
Kenneth Schneider,
microbial fuel Chlorella vulgaris acts as the cell performance here
Paolo Bombelli,
cells biological electron acceptor at the electron transfer mechani
Adrian Fisher,
cathode and reduces CO2 to involved lack of durabilit
Laurence M. Peter,
biomass with the help of strength of electrodes. So
Andrew Dent and
mediator .The photo microbial fuel activation losses occur du
Petra J.
cells with porous ceramics as the accumulation of gase
Cameron,2011.J.
anode material non reagent products at th
Mater. Chem, 21:
inter face between electro
18055-18060.doi:
and electrolyte
10.1039/c1jm13058
g

8. Towards Wen-Wei Li, Han- Eco friendly: Growth rate :

sustainable Qing Yu and Zhen These MFCs are environmental Low growth rate of micro
waste water He, 2014. Energy friendly no harmful to living also effects the performan
treatment by & Environ. Sci., 7: organisms they can be applied in MFCs and bacterial meta
using microbial 911-924. Doi: the area of lacking electricity losses.
fuel cells- 10.1039/c3ee43106 recovery of valuable compounds
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centered a from substrates

technologies

9. Overview of Flimban, S.G.A., Efficiency: Catalyst:

Microbial fuel Kim, T., Ismail, Efficient conversion of substrates Presence or absence of ca
cells (MFC) I.M.I., Oh, S. 2018. to Electricity through the microbes And the type of composit
Recent Preprints, 1-48. and the mechanism involved will affect the performan
Advancement doi: we use some catalyst on a
from 10.20944/preprints surface then its performa
fundamentals to 201810.0763.v1 increases.
Applications:
MFC designs,
major elements,
and scalability

10. Microbial fuel Akshay D. Tharali, Robotics: Cost issues:

cells in Namrata Sain and Various generations of robots High Operational cost ma
bioelectricity W. Jabez Osborne, currently employ MFCs as their cost and Low production
production. 2016. Frontiers in chief source of Power to work limited efficiencies and
Life Science, efficiently in remote, under water investment costs upscale
9(4):252-266. locations or terrestrial areas. technical issues are consi
doi:10.1080/215537 EcoBot is an autonomous robot as some drawbacks.
69.2016.1230787 that uses MFCs for its operation
energy supply and in
Space Program:
In 1960’s the USA space program
triggered towards MFCs for the
waste disposal of space flights that
could also generates power.
6. CONCLUSION:
In this work, we have gained knowledge on the waste water treatment by MFCs and their advantages and
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disadvantages. Finally we conclude that we have gain the maximum power densities as in the case of
mixed active system. In order to improve the performance of the MFCs by modifications in their structure.

7. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES:
 MODIFICATIONS OF MFC COMPONENTS WITH NANOMATERIALS
Some modifications are done with nano materials for the production of bioenergy. Some examples of nano
materials which are used as catalysts are
 Metal nano particles -Cu, Au, Pt, Pd and Ag
 Quantum dots -CdSe, ZnS
 Metal oxides -CeO2, TiO2, ZnO, SiO2, AlO3 and MnO2
 Grapheme -2D NMs

All these are in progress.

 SUPER BUGS FOR IMPROVED MFC PERFORMANCE

Some genetic modifications create ‘super bugs’ these are high performance sessile cells to enhance the
properties of MFCs. Usually bacteria secrets redox active mediators these are soluble and they donates the
electrons to the surfaces conducting and are independent of bacterial surface attachment.
Pyocyanin and polyrubrin in pseudomonas aeruginosa in shewanella. The type 4 pili, surface appendages
of flagella and quorum sensing influence biofilm formation in a variety of bacteria
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ANNEXURE II

Summary of selected five Eminent Scientist Lectures broadcasted from NEIST, Jorhat.

1.TITLE OF LECTURE: NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FUTURE MATERIALS

Eminent Scientist : Prof. Vijayamohanan K. Pillai

Summary: Nanomaterials are materials which are having characteristic dimension lying in the range of 1
to 100 nm in size. Graphene is a 2D sheets are which is a layer taken from scotch tape from graphite.
Carbon nanotubes have two of its dimensions lying in nm range while it is extended in its length.
Quantum dots have all the three dimensions lying in nm range. Nonmaterial finds their vast applications in
mechanical, electrical, drugs and pharmaceuticals, fuels, energy sector, construction, circuit, transistor,
data storage, etc., The reason behind it is the unique properties at their nanolevel. Thus, For a sustainable
and ecofriendly development by reducing the waste and increasing the utility of the product. In the
conventional processes of using catalysts there is a good result when there is large surface area. This large
surface area will attain at the nanolevel. Thus, nanoparticles are rich in surface to volume ratio, hence they
have unique properties at nanolevel. Graphene is a conductor while graphite is an insulator. For instance,
using titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a Nano catalyst for wastewater treatment at optimum condition we
get around 90% efficiency which is quite impossible for conventional methods. Quantum effects and
increased relatively surface area is a major reason for drastically change in electrical properties, strength
and reactivity.
2.TITLE OF LECTURE: FOOD NUTRITION, TRADITION AND IMMUNITY COVID-19
Eminent Scientist: Prof. Vishweshwaraiah Prakash

Summary: It is very important to maintain proper diet for our immune system in present scenario of
COVID-19 pandemic. As we all know that all the persons like farmers, agriculture, businessman and other
all the peoples are interlinked. Because without industry we cannot have products and without raw
material industry will not going to produce product. In India, we are living with full assets and comforts
provided for us. It is our responsibility to find out a way to good and better methods for cultivation and in
implementing the technologies at industrial level. India has moved from a surviving market to a mass
market and almost convenience, hygiene and product market in area of food. We can cause ourselves
deficiency problem in our body by maintaining the improper diet. Some millions of molecules are
floating everyday in our body. With the different backgrounds of immunity the immune system is
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critically complicated then and utterly vital for a survival of mankind . More than 150 nutrients come from
the food what we take. In that 16 are the essential nutrient ,with a single mutation in a cell will affects the
immune system in the body. We have to maintain the proper balance in the present scenario and be careful
with eatables. Stay safe at home. Wash the vegetables and fruits for few min. Maintain your immunity to
fight against covid-19 and by taking more vegetables and fruits and millets. Water is very essential in our
body system. Always take hot food with proper water content.
3. TITLE OF LECTURE : CORONA VIRUS, PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND DRUG DISCOVERY
EMINENT SCIENTIST: T.P.Singh

Summary : In this lecture the speaker is mainly talked about structure of corona virus. Corona viruses are
single stranded DNA viruses. It is named after the Latin word Corona which resembles the crowned
morphology of the virus. There are different types of proteins such as the proteins associated with
envelope, with nucleic acids, membrane bound proteins, proteins which are protruding out-The spike
proteins. When corona virus enters the host. it interacts with the famous receptor ACE2 - angiotensin
converting enzyme receptor. The affinity of spike protein to ACE2 receptor is high. Thus, we should
prepare molecules which can bind to ACE2 or to the spike proteins. We can either target the spike proteins
or the ACE2 receptor. Though the Corona virus originated from bats, the caver cats. pangolins, camels can
be intermediate hosts. Scientists are making diagnostic kits, drugs, vaccines, immunoglobulins against the
virus. different combinations of drugs which are already present are being used. Some natural remedies
are being used by people to fight against the virus. While the vaccine in progress. Immune system and
drugs antibiotics and drugs helps against infections. Innate immune system can be exploited to tackle
against bacterial and viral infections. people in different parts of world evolved methods to tackle
infections like-using molds, soup mixed with turtle shells and snake skins, oil cake, etc. Innate immune
proteins from extremophiles can be used to exploit how they tackle infections. Thus in 1928 Alexander
Fleming discovered penicillin antibiotic from the molds. And thereof many antibiotics, drugs are extracted
naturally and synthetically (sulfonamides, Gramicidin, Quinolones). 

. 
4. TITLE OF LECTURE: : INDIAN EXPEDITION TO ANTARCTICA-JOURNEY OF THE FIRST
INDIAN STUDENT TO THE FROZEN CONTINENT
EMINENT SCIENTIST: Prof.Dinabandhu Sahoo
Summary: In this lecture Sahoo was selected as the first student to go to Antarctica while he was doing his
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PhD in Antarctica, the white desert. It is the driest of all the continents. the 90% of world's fresh water is
stored in the form of ice in Antarctica. It is devoid of human habitat only 3000 people live during summer
season and 1000 people live during winter season There is a continuous 6 months of night and continuous
6 months of day. Only researchers and logistic people go there for expeditions and stay there for a months
or so and return. There is no much snowfall in Antarctica it started its expedition on dec6 1981 from goa,
reached Antarctica on Jan 9, 1982 at 3am in early morning. The journey isn't easy. The speaker shared his
experience in this lecture. Lambert glacier is the biggest glacier. penguins and seals are found in
Antarctica. Though there are not natives of Antarctica. On the south pole, there is a research station of
USA. it is abandoned now and a much modern scientific station is established now. India's permanent
station is named as "Dakshin Gangotri. One should take training to survive at the extreme conditions
present in Antarctica blizzards, ice climbing, etc. Students should take up such extraordinary challenges
like the speaker

5. TITLE OF LECTURE: SOCIETAL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY

EMINENT LECTURER : Shri K.N. Vyas

Summary: The presence of Nanomaterials is not itself causes a threat. Only certain aspects that can make
them risky, in particular their mobility and their increased reactivity. Only if certain properties of certain
nanoparticles were harmful to living beings or the environment would we be faced with a genuine hazard.
nanotechnology has broader societal impact. Social scientists have suggested that nanotechnology's social
issues should be understood and assessed not simply as "downstream" risks or impacts. Rather, the
challenges should be factored into "upstream" research and decision-making in order to ensure technology
development that meets social objectives. The uranium 235 nucleus it is absorbed a slow neutron in under
goes the fission reaction uranium nucleus departs into 2 parts and subsequently 2-3 neutrons are generated
they will have very high energy pass through water and other light weight materials  and they loss it's
energy then once again they react with another uranium 235 in the vicinity. Nuclear reactor are the easiest
way to produce radioisotopes in a large number. It has many applications as we are using various
radioisotopes for a treatment of Diagnostic & Therapeutic activity in the medical field , for the crop
improvement, plant uptake studies, food preservation in agricultural fields and In Industrial  using as
Radiography, Radiotracer. In India we produce about 75 types of radioisotopes. We are using these
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radioisotopes in killing the Therapeutic and preserve the food reducing the enzymatic activity.

ANNEXURE III

Summary of selected five Scientist Lectures broadcasted from CSIR-IICT.

6. TITLE OF LECTURE: NATURAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS-OPTOELECTRONICS

IICT LECTURER : Dr.L.Giribabu
Summary: Optoelectronics are usually a hard ware device which converts energy into light and light into
energy by semiconductors. It has many applications in military services, telecommunication, automatic
access control systems and medical equipments. Here direct conversion between electrons and photons
takes place. We observed the best overlap occurs in the case of donor-acceptor system of porphyrin-
Quinone triad system due to the fluorescence resonance electron transfer (FRET) compared to the absence
of FRET. In the first generation of solar cells silicon is used followed by Ga-As based, Cd-Te based solar
cells as second generation. Finally third generation of TiO2-dye based solar cells, some organic solar
cells, pervoskite, dye sensitized quantum dots are came into advance. As we consider dye sensitized solar
cells (DSSE), TiO2 nanoparticles are used with a monolayer of dye (for absorbing photon) is acts as an
electron acceptor and triiodide electrolyte (best electrolyte LI/I2 IN acetonitrile) as donor this is sealed
with fluorine doped SnO2 followed by glass similar to natural photosynthesis. Observed maximum
wavelength for black dye compared to N3. Many advantages are discussed and some technical challenges
are there to improve their performance such as flexible substrates, folded, pervoskite solar cells as by
replacement of expensive and non durable SPIRO-OMeTAD based hole transport layer with low cost and
durable HTMs and Quantum Dot sensitized solar cells are discussed.

7. TITLE OF LECTURE: MATERIALS FOR MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY:

FUNDAMENTALS AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
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IICT LECTURER : Dr.Vasundhara Mutta

Summary: In the last few decades, global warming is a rising problem. It became the burning issue of 21st
century. According to iPCC report global warming of 1.50C above pre industrial levels and human
induced warming reached approximately 1 degree C in 2017. The Montreal protocol adopted the Kigali
amendment on HFCs (hydro fluro carbons) to control the global warming. The main sources of HFCs are
Refrigerators, ACs, etc. to reduce the hydro fluro carbons Magnetic Refrigeration Technology came into
advance is a credible alternative to vapour cycle refrigerators and ACs. We got refrigerating power of
400W and 2-50C lower operational costs and noise level of 35dB. The cooling is achieved mainly based
on the principle of Magnetic Caloric Effects. It works on adiabatic demagnetization it can be understood
by Debye & Giauque. In magnetic refrigeration initially the dipoles are randomly oriented after the
application of magnetic field we get dipoles in the same direction now heat is expelled and in the absence
of field and experiences here adiabatic demagnetization thus expelled heat keeps the refrigerator cold. The
main criteria are large ∆Tad and ∆ S M. in the reality superconducting solenoid magnets are used which are
mechanically simple. Here Gd spheres are used in refrigerative bed & water as medium to transfer heat.
Later pervoskite manganites are discussed and by using rare earth oxides +Sr03+MnO3 gives a pervoskite
is ferromagnetic at RT with Tc of 310K.
8. TITLE OF LECTURE: POLYMERR CONSUMPTION, MANUFACTURING & RECYCLING-
INDIAN SCENARIO
IICT LECTURER : Dr.P.Aruna
Summary : In this lecture we mainly focused on the polymers in their forms as thermoplastics, themosets
and engineering plastics. In India, there is high end engineering polymer production of plastics as well as
we import the polymer materials from foreign mostly PVC and exports are mostly sheets, packing items,
ropes, twines, etc., Rotomoulding is a low investment process used in polymer engineering . this is a
casting process i.e, without pressure and is easy to make complicated shapes and several different products
can be modulated at the same time. We can prepare tanks, containers, crates, pallets, mudguards, as well
as for gardening tools by this process.
However recycling is also be more important in the case of plastics especially. Recycling is done by
primary recycling, secondary , tertiary and quaternary recylings by making changes in them. Recently in
2015 India banned import of PET bottles because we are recycling them. In tertiary recycling in
hydrolysis we can depolymerize the polymer in to monomers and oligomers. ex, PET,PU hydrolysis &
PC/PBA. In pyrolysis we cannot monomer as major product but some others components which can be
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used directly ex.PE, PP, Plasma torching, hydrocracking and Gasification methods are discussed.
Incireation is a quaternary recycling used for waste volume reduction. For a sustainable development
some alternatives to synthetic polymers are done with milk protein chicken feathers, PHA polyesters, etc.,

9. TITLE OF LECTURE: THE ROLE OF CATALYSTS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

IICT LECTURER : Dr.N.Lingaiah
Summary: Now- a-days many of many of the reactions are gone through which uses catalyst which alters
the rate of reaction. Basically we have homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The later one has many
applications than the former which involve both continuous and batch processes. Most of the petro
chemical industries uses heterogeneous continuous process. Fluid catalytic crack reaction which cracks
large molecules C60 andC50 into small as LPG. Here we discussed a three converter system which converts
NOX to N2, HC to H2O &CO2. Photo catalysis is the best method for producing H2. For a sustainable
development and for biomass some heteropoly acids (HPAs) are developed. Some types of them are
Keggin, Dawson & Anderson. Among these Keggin is stable and widely used catalyst. But low surface
area so Some modifications are done in Keggin HPAs to make biofunctional catalytic system i.e, by
incorporation of metal ions into Keggin structure and exchangeable protons. Sn exchanged STA supported
on SBA-15 and the etherification of fructose. Later this study focused on the synthesis of alkyl levulites
from different carbohydrates and one pot synthesis of furfural to gamma- Valeolactone high acidity
showed by ZrO2/TPA/H-β-Zeolite. It showed no leaching and catalytic activity was good after 4
cycles.MgO-La2o3 catalyst from both edible and non edible oils. These are formed a syn gas and here is a
endothermic reaction with a methane reforming by polymer energy with Ni based catalyst.

10. TITLE OF LECTURE: DESIGN OF MEMBRANES FOR PURIFICATION OF DRINKING

WATER AND MANAGEMENT OF PANDEMICS/DISASTERS

IICT LECTURER: Dr.S.Sridar

Summary: Currently COVID-19 is the issue the world facing, scientists used many microscopic images
to like TEM to image the Sars-CoV-2 from the throat swab of the first laboratory confirmed infection in
India. To prevent this problem one should take measures by using face masks, hand sanitizers and social
distancing. There is a correlation between the face mask use and severity of an outbreak, mainly the
 ONLINE SUMMER RESEARCH TRANING PROGRAM
(SRTP-2020)
CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
Hyderabad-500007, India.

barriers discussed here are Biomask, face shielded, multi layered masks. The multilayered mask ensures
a tortuous path for microbes & respiratory droplets cannot wet the polypropylene layers to avoid the
contamination from the infected person it is designated a transported mechanism through hydrophobic
barrier. Some formulations are discussed for the alcohol based hand sanitizers with ultra pure water,
glycerol,H2O2 and some colorants are added but not add to toxicity. The atmosphere water generator is a
novel technology which captures atmospheric humidity and converts into de-mineralized water with TDS
around (60-100ppm) through dosing of a proprietary salt mixture solution. The ultra filtration solid
membranes are developed for flood and surface water purification. In the membrane based water
purification RO is involved and Nanofiltration methods are implemented to give defluorodized water
from ground water and the surface water.
ANNEXURE IV

Feedback Form

1. How is the CSIR-SRTP program?

CSIR-SRTP program online is a nice idea to conduct it through online during this COVID-19
pandemic time. It offered many lectures both eminent lectures from Neist and individual lectures are
conducted specially for us from IICT. This exposure will enhance the research interest of the students.
It has provided a platform for all the researchers, students and mentors to improve their research
interests.
2. How are you benefited from SRTP?

This program helped me lot in my project research. I learnt many from the lectures especially from
the IICT. Here I am exposed to many different areas of research that could definitely helps in new
interests. This program introduced me to new exposure provided by my who builds inspiration. . It
increased my networking with other people and improved soft skills which are needed at work
place. It is a great opportunity provided for us.
Rate the SRTP videos and live demonstration in a scale of 0 to 5.

Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5

(Tick “√”)

3. Rate the project related lectures in a scale of 0 to 5.

Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5

(Tick “√”)

4. Will the experience in the SRTP be helpful in your future research career?

Definitely it helps in my future research career. I gained knowledge not only on my project work
but also in different areas of research. It enhanced my knowledge in understanding of journals
 which are already published and contributing knowledge and impacting the world. From the
professors and mentors we can build up our networking skills & soft skills.
5. How the multi-disciplinary approach of SRTP was beneficial for you?
This multidisciplinary approach to the students is builds the knowledge in various fields. It
enhances the research interests of the students in many fields by providing daily lectures from the
eminent scientists. Instead of their busy schedule they are offering this program for us.
6. What will be your contribution towards creating a knowledge society?
According to my research I focused mainly on the waste water treatment by using microbial fuel
cells which will reduce the organic waste from different sources and generates electricity which is
needed for human consumption. It is eco friendly as it converts waste into energy. So I want to
improve some methods to develop the research work which should make knowledgeable society.
7. Suggestions for new course content?
I mainly suggest want to suggest to the students to utilize this opportunity in a proper way to
improve their knowledge on various aspects and it will enhance their research interests too.
8. Overall comment on the SRTP?
This online program is a great platform to a person to improve their skills and interests on different
topics. One thing was some mentors are not yet responded to their students may be due to this
pandemic COVID 19. So by next time please provide the sufficient members to guide

NAME : VEMULA HEMALATHA

APPLICATION NO : 7622
 CANDIDATE EDUCATIONAL DETAILS :
S.No class College of study University/ Year of
institution passing Percentage/CGPA

1. M.Sc. AU College of Andhra 2020 8.73 (Avg of 3

Chemistry Science & University- semesters)
(4th semester) Technology Visakhapatnam
2. B.Sc (MPC) GC & YPN Degree Acharya 2018 9.05
college Nagarjuna
University- Guntur
3. MPC Krishna Chaitanya Jr Board of 2015 93.6
College Intermediate
4. 10th Ratnam High School School of 2013 9.7
Secondary
Education

RESEARCH INTERESTS:
Designing of efficient Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) has great importance in the field of renewable
energy research for developing efficient fuel cells. Waste water treatment is big issue have gain the
solution with the MFCs. The microbial fuel cell converts the organic waste present in waste water into
the electrical energy by using the microbial activity. The electrons generated through microbial
degradation are transferred to cathode through the circuit and protons are transferred across the
membrane called proton exchange membrane (PEM). It is done by grotthuss mechanism This project
work focuses on the microbial fuel cell design, the relative parts present in it and Advantages and
Disadvantages of the microbial fuel cells and some further modifications are done for their efficiency
are discussed.
 ANNEXURE VI
Mentee’s Self Evaluation of Project
(Please tick “√”)

Project title: Project no.:

Name of the mentor:

Rating Evaluation Parameter

Originality Novelty Statement of Relevance to Mentor’s Remarks
purpose Indian involvement
science
Poor
Good
Very good
Excellent
Outstanding

Name of the mentee: Application no.

Address:
E-mail: Phone no: