Procedure in

Hazards Analysis in
the Workplace
Safety in the task can also be approached through Job
Hazard Analysis or JHA. It is a collective effort that
focuses both on the different jobs in a company, and a
group of people tasked to identify them.
 Accidents can occur when:

• Work is performed incorrectly

• Workers use hazardous materials

• Work under hazardous conditions

The process of determining the hazards
associated with a job is often referred to as a
JHA or a Job Hazard Analysis. Hazards that
present risks to:
– Environment
– Safety
– Health
 JHA involves the following steps:
• Identify basic steps of a job
• Determine associated hazards
• Make recommendations to control the hazards
• Monitor, supervise and evaluate
 Uses of a JHA

• Create / improve SOP’s

• Guide in observing employee performance

• Accident investigation

• Safety inspection
 Prioritizing JHA’s

• High Frequency of Accidents

• Increase occurrence of Near-Misses
• History of Serious Accidents /Fatalities
• Potential for Serious Harm
• New Jobs
• Changes in Procedures or Standards
 JHA Team

• Supervisor
• Employee most familiar with the job
• Other employees who perform the job
• Experts or specialists (maintenance,
occupational hygienists, ergonomists,
engineers)
Step 1. Identify the Basic Job Steps

-Watch carefully as a worker performs the entire job at least once.

– As the operator performs the job again, list the individual steps on the
left-hand column.
– Using simple action phrases that are short and to the point.
– Steps should always be numbered to indicate the order.

Problem:
Most common error: describing the job in too much or too little detail.
Solution:
List the steps in a way that you would instruct someone to do the task.

Step 2. Determine the Hazards:

• Identify all of the existing or potential actions or conditions that could lead
to an injury or illness, or harm to the environment.
 Hazard Guide:
• The physical actions
required for that
specific step.

• The materials used.

• The equipment used.

• The conditions under

which the step is
normally performed.
Physical Action: Conditions
• Force (weight) • Noisy environment
• Frequency(repetition) • Temperatures extremes
• Posture(prolonged) • Vibration present
• Position(distance) • Poor or high Illumination
• Pressure (atmospheric force)
Materials (Chemicals) • Prolonged hours
• Corrosive
• Flammable "What if” Questions
• Is the MSDS available • Anticipate hazardous situations
• Volatile • Abnormal operating conditions
• Incorrect or out of sequence
Equipment • Additional attachments
• Mechanical hazard • Replacements /alternatives
• Electrical hazard • Consequence
Step 3. Determine the Control Measures:
Check if there are existing control measures in place, or if there is a need to add
more controls.

4 Factors to identify and control hazards

• Physical action
• Material
• Equipment
• Condition
•
Materials
• Substitution of materials
• Machine guarding
• Safeguarding
• Limit employee exposure
• Use of PPE
Materials Equipment Work Area Conditions
• Substitution of materials • Installation of machine • Improved housekeeping
• Machine guarding guards procedures
• Safeguarding • Use automatic safeguard • Installation of additional
• Limit employee exposure devices, lighting
• Use of PPE • Replacement of • Use ventilation system
equipment. • Noise reduction systems
• Training, experience, • Vibration damping
Physical Actions skills
• Modifying • Use of PPE
• Use of PPE • Relocation (isolation by
• Rearranging
place)
• Combining actions
• Rescheduling (isolation
• Change the process by time)
• Training • Redesign the work area.
• Use of PPE • Height
• Weight
• Distance
 Step 4. Monitor, supervise and evaluate:
The need to monitor, supervise and evaluate the existing JHA is
very important to ensure that all the hazards are properly
identified and control measures are implemented accordingly.

Using A Job Hazard Analysis

• Developing or updating SOP’s
• Training employees
• Observing employee performance
• Conducting inspections
• Investigating accidents
Develop / improve SOP’s

• To constantly improve/develop written procedures to

perform the job in the safest & healthiest way possible.

Employee Training

• Ensuring that each job step is performed safely &efficiently.

• To point out particular job steps / hazards that requires
special precautions.
• Refresher training (infrequent jobs).
• Increase awareness on hazards.
Employee Observations:

• Guide in employee performance observations

• Allows supervisors to focus on especially

hazardous steps

• Ensures employee is performing steps

according to SOP
Inspections:
• When developing inspection checklists,
supervisors can use JHA’s to help identify
hazardous conditions that may need to be
included.