11/12

21st Century Literature

of the Philippines and the World
Quarter I - Module 1
Philippine Literary History:
Precolonial to Contemporary

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING-INSTRUCTION KIT

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY

21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World – Grade 11/12
Contextualized Learning-Instruction Kit (CLIK)
First Quarter - Module 1: Philippine Literary History: Precolonial to Contemporary
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lovely Suzenne Ramos (Sta. Monica HS), Jay M. Maravilla (PPCNSHS)

Content Editor: Jay M. Maravilla (PPCNSHS), Glenda A. Almeniana(EPS, English)

Language Editor: Amie S. Tabi (Sta. Monica HS)

Ellen Grace C. Manzano (PPCNSHS)

Reviewer: Jay M. Maravilla (PPCNSHS), Glenda A. Almeniana (EPS, English)

Illustrator: Joie Rey S. Dagsa (Bacungan NHS)

Layout Artist: Kenneth Duenas (Sta. Monica HS)

Jeremy A. Galanto (Langogan NHS)

Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Mabel F. Musa, PhD, OIC-ASDS
Cyril C. Serador, PhD, CID Chief
Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager
Glenda A. Almeniana, EPS-English
Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II
Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II
External Evaluator: Jonalyn B. Villarosa, Director, Curriculum and Instruction Materials
Development Office (CIMDO), Palawan State University

Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)

Sta. Monica Heights, Bgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
Tel. Phone no.(048) 434 9438
Email Adress: puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph
 11/12

21st Century Literature

of the Philippines and the World
Quarter I - Module 1
Philippine Literary History:
Precolonial to Contemporary

This module was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators and program supervisors from public schools of the Division of
Puerto Princesa City. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations
to the Department of Education, Division of Puerto Princesa City at
puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Introductory Message
For the Teachers:
This learning material is designed to help learners enrich their learning
experiences by answering activities that are meaningful to their lives which can be
done by themselves. A variety of enjoyable tasks are presented.
Activities are provided as formative assessments to check from time to time the
learner’s understanding of the lesson. Given the range of learning activities in this
package, teachers are encouraged to freely adapt them to suit their school contexts
and learners’ needs, interests, and abilities.

For the Learner:

This Learning Resource Philippine Literary History: Pre-Colonial to

Contemporary is developed for you to enjoy while learning. There are various
activities and check-up tests you need to take.
Take note of the instructions as you journey through this module to have a solid
understanding of what you are expected to accomplish. Carefully read and follow the
instructions to hit what you are expected to do.
Answer keys are provided which you can refer to when checking your answers.
Record your score at the Learner’s Progress Chart and inform your teacher on your
development.
Feel free to use this material and if progress is not evident, you can make use
of it again until such that the desired passing mark is achieved.

As you read through this module, you will notice the following icons. They will
help you find your way around the module more quickly.

What I Need This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
to Know module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to
take.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
 This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

What I Have This includes questions or blank sentences/

Learned paragraphs to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill in
real-life situations or concerns.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to

Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

Just remember, this module is not intended to replace textbooks and other
existing learning resources but rather to provide an additional alternative that is
contextualized and resilient to education systems that address the challenges of the
current pandemic.

-The Development Team

 This module is packed with notes and essential information covering everything
you need to know about the Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to
Contemporary.

There are warm-up and exam-style practice questions for every part to give you
an idea of how well you have already grasped the lesson. This also contains topic-
based questions for focused skills to test your understanding of the concepts of the
lessons under the Most Essential Learning Competencies.

Content Standard
The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and
contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the regions.

Performance Standard
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and appreciation
of 21st Century Philippine literature from the regions through:
1. a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of
form and theme, with a description of its context derived from research; and
2. an adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia.

Most Essential Learning Competency

Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary.

By the end of this module, you should be able to cover the following lessons with
specified learning objectives:

Lesson 1 Philippine Literature: Pre-colonial to Spanish Colonial Period

• Identify different folk narratives during the pre-colonial period

• Name some literary works during the pre-colonial period to
contemporary
• Classify the types of folk narratives

Lesson 2 Philippine Literature: American Period to Contemporary

• List down some literary works during the Post War to Contemporary
Period
• Identify literary works according to geographical and linguistic feature

1
Part I. Choose the letter of the best answer. Circle the letter of your answer.

1. It is a body of written works which originated from oral traditions.

A. Fable C. Literature
B. Folk tales D. Myth

2. In this period, the sources of literature are usually the local native town folk.
A. American period C. Pre-colonial
B. Japanese period D. Spanish period

3. It is a lengthy narrative that has the role of heroes and damsel in distress.
A. Epic C. Legend
B. Fable D. Myth

4. It discusses occurrence on the earth and how things on earth were created.
A. Epic C. Legend
B. Fable D. Myth

5. It is the story of mortals who has supernatural powers.

A. Epic C. Legend
B. Fable D. Myth

6. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-ibig sa
Tinubuang Lupa.”
B. Jose Rizal, a prominent ilustrado and the country’s national hero, his novels
portray the corruption and abuse of the Filipino officials and the clergy.
C. Leona Florentino, known as the “mother of Philippine women’s literature,”
was a poet in both Ilocano and Spanish.
D. Pedro Paterno, wrote Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880), the first poetry
collection in Spanish by a Filipino

7. This story depicts Filipino family practices and beliefs in a rural setting.
A. Bamboo Dancers C. Children of the Ash-Covered Loam.
B. Bonsai D. Seven Hills

8. Which of the following is an example of a Legend?

A. Biag ni Lam-ang C. Juan Tamad
B. The Creation D. The Flood Story

9. Which of the following is an example of a myth?

A. The Creation C. Darangan
B. Hinilawod D. Monkey and Turtle

10. Which of the following story came from Igorot?

A. The Creation C. Darangan
B. Hinilawod D. Monkey and Turtle

2
Part II. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is false.

_____11. Tagalog was the main language used in literature during the pre-colonial period.

_____12. The lifestyle of our ancestors was expressed in Philippine early literature.

_____13. Our ancestors wrote some of the literary pieces on fragile materials such as on leaves
and barks of trees using their writing system.

_____14. Baybayin was the only writing system used during the pre-colonial period.

_____15. The Philippines has so many oral-literary traditions such as novels, sonnets, and folk
tales during the pre-colonial period.

Hi! I am Ms. Letty, together with Sir Rhett, we are

going to be your guide in this module. Rest assured
that you will learn a lot as we travel together in this
wonderful world of Literature in the 21st Century
Setting.

Just like what Ms. Letty said, all we need is to enjoy this
journey through time and letters. Read all the
instructions very well, have your pens ready, and as
you go through the pages, experience the magic
Literature brings to all! So, let us start our journey!

3
 Lesson
Philippine Literature:
1 Pre-Colonial to Spanish Colonial Period

What is Literature?

Literature is all about Significant Human Experiences (SHE). It mirrors life itself.
It gives us a glimpse of what we were in the past, what we are in the present, and what
will we become in the future, everything as reflected in the pages of literature. Just like
history, these are written accounts of the human race.

There are two main forms of literature:

• Oral Literature – these are stories, proverb, poems, riddles, etc. being
recited and transferred by word of mouth.
• Written Literature - these are stories, proverb, poems, riddles, etc. being
written on paper, made into books, and being read by so many people.

Under Written Literature there are two types:

• Prose – Type of literature written in sentences and paragraphs and it

uses formal language.
• Poetry – Type of literature written in lines, stanzas, and verses. It has
rhyme and meter and it uses figurative language.

Here are the different kinds of literature under Prose and Poetry

4
Direction: Complete the semantic web below with a word or group
of words relevant to literature.

Literature

5
 Here, you will have a trivia of some riddles. Let us see if you
know the answers to these riddles.

1. Kung kalian mo pinatay, saka pa humaba ang buhay

Answer: ____________________
2. Ako ay may kaibigan, kasama ko kahit saan
Answer: ____________________

3. Hindi pari, hindi hari, nagdadamit ng sari-sari

Answer: ____________________

4. Isang balong malalim, punong-puno ng patalim

Answer: ____________________

5. Limang puno ng niyog, isa’y matayog

Answer: ____________________
4. bibig/mouth 5. daliri/fingers
Answers: 1. kandila/candle 2. anino/shadow 3. sampayan/clothes line

Riddles are among the types of literature that requires creativity to arrive at the
answer. It is used by our ancestors as a form of entertainment. These riddles are
passed on through word of mouth and were passed on from generations. In the next
section, you will learn more about Philippine literature that existed during the pre-
colonial times.
Read the selection below.

KUDAMAN - A Palawan Epic

This is one of the epic poems of the Pala’wan of Palawan province. Composed of six songs,
it takes about seven days to chant this epiC. The first night introduces the epic; each of the
songs takes one night to perform. The hero, Kudaman, appears after the introduction.

AN EVIL SPIRIT lives in a spring near the river Tabunganan. Tuwan Putli, with her cousin
Ambaynan, goes there to fish. One day, Tuwan Putli disappears in the river. Ambaynan
sees blood in her fish basket and returns to report the disappearance. Tuwan Putli’s
husband, Muta-Muta, was ordered by her father to search for her but he disobeys. Muta-
Muta turns to the Young Man of the Clouds for assistance, who accepts on the condition
that Tuwan Putli will become his if he succeeds. The Young Man of the Clouds finds a
fragment of Tuwan Putli’s toenail in the teeth of a crocodile that accidentally ate Tuwan
Putli. The Young Man retrieves the fragment and puts this in a golden chest. Later, they
hear the voice of Tuwan Putli from the chest, begging to be let out. She emerges bathed
in golden light. Learning of the events, she consents to live with the Young Man of the
Clouds.

6
 Later on, the Young Man of the Clouds falls in love with the Lady of the Sea-Beings, the
wife of Kudaman. The Young Man wins her love, alienating Tuwan Putli, who leaves him.
Kudaman decides to bring the Lady of the Sea- Beings to her father, Surutan Tamparan,
the sultan of the seacoast. On his journey back on board Linggisan (the Purple Heron),
Kudaman meets Tuwan Putli who accepts a betel-nut from him. She becomes his puun or
principal wife. When Surutan Tamparan finds out that his daughter has left Kudaman, he
beheads her, but she emerges from death lovelier than ever. Muta-Muta, Tuwan Putli’s
first husband, and his brother, Datu of Ligayan, visit Kudaman and offer a blood compact
that reminds Muta-Muta that Tuwan Putli is now Kudaman’s wife. Muta-Muta asks to stay
in Kudaman’s place to which the latter agrees and builds him a house They celebrate with
tabad (rice wine). Kudaman goes on subsequent journeys, riding on Linggisan, initially for
seven years, where he collects three additional wives: the Lady of the Wild Green Pigeon,
the Lady of the Sea-Beings and the Lady of the Ginuu Tree. They celebrate the building of
his new kalangbanwa (big house) in honor of Ampu, the Master of the Rice. Gongs are
played and the ladies dance.

The Young Man of the Clouds hears the music and joins the celebration. However, the
dreaded Ilanun army also hears the music and decides to test Kudaman’s mettle. Kudaman
calmly waits for the Ilanun and invites them, but they reject the invitation. Angered, Muta-
Muta attacks them, joined by the Young Man of the Clouds. They fight for seven years,
taking them to several levels of the world, but Kudaman wins in the end. Kudaman and the
Young Man of the Clouds return home together, passing by the house of Limbuhanan, his
first cousin. The Lady of the Agoho Tree offers to accompany the heroes back home. Upon
arrival, the celebration resumes where jural matters are discussed regarding marriage
rules, relationships, and others. Kudaman finds himself in a state of stupor from the
drinking and is transported to another universe. He is brought back to consciousness to
see the face of the Lady of the Hooks, whom he proposes to marry. He chews betel and
spits at the dead Ilanun army, reviving them, who then surrender to him.

Earlier, there was conflict over Tuwan Putli between Kudaman and the chief judge of
Pinagsaraan. The Lady of the Luray Tree, the wife of the chief judge of Pinagsaraan,
proposed that Tuwan Putli be cut in two. Kudaman slices her. Each half, however, became
a lovelier Tuwan Putli. The epic continues with Kudaman’s travels to other lands where
feasts are held. In one of these, he drinks one hundred and eighty jars of tabad after which
he plummets into the navel of the earth where he wrestles with himself. He meets the Lady
of the Young Men, who becomes his fifth wife. He wins other wives subsequently. The epic
ends with the final celebration of his tenth marriage.
(Source: ICH Digital Archives. “Kudaman Epic”. July 3, 2020. https://www.unesco-
ichcap.org/eng/contents/ich.php?mode=view&code=H0000123&part=1&searchPart=&searchNation=&searchPart_
all=&searchPart_UD1=&searchPart_UD2=&searchPart_UD3=&searchPart_UD4=&searchPart_UD5=&searchPart_
UD6=&page=)

Comprehension Questions: After reading the summary of “Kudaman”, answer the

following questions below.

1. Who is Kudaman?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. What are the traditions and culture of the ethnic tribe, Palaw’an that is being reflected
in the story?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

7
History of Philippine Literature

Philippine Literature is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-
side with the country’s history. Literature had started with fables and legends made by
the ancient Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence.

Timeline of Philippine Literature

Pre-colonial Spanish American Contemporary
• Colonial Colonial Period
• Mid-16th to • late 19th
late 19th century to
century mid 20th
century

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally. It was difficult to trace the original
author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the
act of storytelling itself. Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life
activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as
well.
Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to
explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment
purposes.
Genre Title/Example Place of Origin Author
Bugtong (Riddles) Lumuluha walang
mata, may buhay wa
Not available Not available
hininga.
~ Kandila
Salawikain (Proverbs) Kapag may
isinuksok, may Not available Not available
madudukot.
Pre-Colonial Poetry Tanaga - Expresses
a view or a value of Not available Not available
the world.
Ambahan Songs
about childhood,
Not available Not available
human relationships,
hospitality
Bayok - Thoughts
Not available Not available
about love
Epic Poetry - Romantic
heroes and heroines Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocos
that are a reflection of (Life of Lam-ang) Not available
the world as perceived Kudaman Palawan
by the early Filipinos

8
 Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century)

Due to the long period of colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards, they have exerted
a strong influence on our literature.

1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many
of its words to our language.

European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos,
and moro-moros.
Genre Title Place of Author
Origin
PRAYERS and Doctrina Cristiana (The Not available Not available
RELIGIOUS BOOKS Christian Doctrine) - First
book printed in the
Philippines in 1593 in
xylography
Nuestra Señora del Not available Fr. Blancas de
Rosario - Second book San Jose
printed in the Philippines in
1602
Ang Barlaan at Josephat – Not available translated to
a Biblical account Tagalog from
Greek by Fr.
Antonio de Borja
The Passion - about the life Not available Not available
and sufferings of Jesus
Christ, and only read during
Lent
Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria Not available Fr. Mariano
(Psalms for Mary) - A Sevilla
collection of songs praising
the Virgin Mary written in
1865. Popular especially
during the Maytime “Flores
de Mayo” festival.
RECREATIONAL The Cenaculo - a dramatic Not available
PLAYS performance to
commemorate the passion
and death of Jesus Christ
Panunuluyan - This is Not available Not available
presented before 12:00 on
Christmas Eve. This is a
presentation of the search of
the Virgin Mary and St.
Joseph for an inn wherein to
deliver the baby, Jesus.
The Salubong (or Not available Not available
Panubong) - The Salubong
is an Easter play that
dramatizes the meeting of
the Risen Christ and his
Mother.

9
 Carillo (Shadow Play) - a Not available Not available
form of dramatic
entertainment performed on
a moonless night during a
town fiesta or on nights after
a harvest
The Zarzuela - the father of Not available Not available
the drama; it is a musical
comedy or melodrama three
acts which dealt with man’s
passions and emotions like
love, hate, revenge, cruelty,
avarice, or some social or
political problem
RELIGIOUS PLAYS THE MORO-MORO - This is Not available Not available
performed during town
fiestas to entertain the
people and to remind them
of their Christian religion.
The plot is usually the same
that of a Christian princess
or a nobleman’s daughter
who is captured by the
Enemies The father
organizes a rescue party
where fighting between the
Moros and the Christians
ensue. The Enemies are
defeated by some miracle or
Divine Intercession and the
Enemeies are converted to
Christianity. In some
instances, the whole
kingdom is baptized and
converted. One example of
this is Prinsipe Rodante
THE AWIT AND Florante at Laura- An Katagalugan Francisco
CORRIDO example of an Awit, though “Balagtas”
there are symbols and Baltazar
The AWIT is set in themes which dictate the
dodecasyllabic protest of the Filipino against
quatrains while the the Spanish regime, it is
CORRIDO is in uncertain as to whether or
octosyllabic quatrains. not Balagtas had intended
These are colorful tales the issue – which was subtly
of chivalry from derived from his work – since
European sources he left no notes or additional
made for singing and pieces that may affirm the
chanting. conclusion
Ibong Adarna – an example Francisco
of Corrido “Balagtas”
Baltazar
NOTABLE WORKS "Ang Mahal na Passion ni Gaspar Aquino de
Jesu Christong Panginoon Belen

10
 natin na tola" (Holy Passion
of Our Lord Jesus Christ in
Verse) - Is the country's
earliest known pasyon
written in 1704.
Noli Me Tangere (1887) and Jose Rizal
El Filibusterismo (1891) -
created an impact on the
national consciousness and
love for one’s country
against the abusive
government of the Spaniards
(Source: Karen Anne C Beltran. “Philippine Literary Periods”. Scribd. August 27, 2010.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/36510088/Philippine-Literary-
Periods?fbclid=IwAR1EqgkvvGBd_8GIQSi1nTD5bwpBxoo-sGwo14es2U0CP8fEOs0PHu1iSRo.)

Here is an activity for you!

Activity 1: Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the table for the notable literary works of the
Pre-Colonial Period. Write your answers to the space provided for each
column.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Genre Title/Example Place of Origin Author
1. Lumuluha walang mata, Not available Not available
may buhay wa hininga.
~ Kandila
Salawikain 2. Not available Not available
(Proverbs)

Pre-Colonial Poetry Tanaga - Expresses a Not available Not available

view or a value of the
world.
Ambahan Songs about 3. Not available
childhood, human
relationships, hospitality
Bayok - Thoughts about Not available Not available
love
4. Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of 5. Not available
Lam-ang)
Kudaman

11
After completing the table, try this one! I know this one is easy for you to do!
Activity 2: Choose Me!
Directions: Read the questions/statements carefully. Circle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. It refers to a characteristically anonymous, timeless, and placeless tale circulated

orally among people. What do you call this narrative?
A. Folktale B. Fable C. Legend D. Epic

2. This is presented as history but is unlikely to be true. What do you call this narrative?
A. Legend B. Myth C. Folktale D. Fable

3. The “Monkey and Crocodile” is an example of

A. Epic B. Folktale C. Fable D. Legend

4. It refers to the story about a man with supernatural powers who goes to war at nine-
months-old and seeks the killers of his father. What is the title of this narrative?
A. Hinilawod B. Darangan C. Juan Pusong D. Biag ni Lam-ang

5. This Maranao epic depicts the adventures of a brave warrior named Bantugan. He
owns a magical sword protected by a spirit. After a battle, he rests and accidentally
falls into the water. A crocodile finds him and brings him to the enemies. He fights,
regains his strength, and wins the war. What is the title of this narrative?
A. Hinilawod B. Darangan C. Juan Pusong D. Biag ni Lam-ang

Activity 3: Create Me!

Directions: Using the picture below, write a three-line riddle that will describe these.
Write your answer in the box provided.

(Source: NeoBatfreak. “Protective masks during

the COVID-19 pandemic in a Clovis home.jpg".
https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/d5a02126-
53e0-4b6e-99f1-ed3e835b0950. Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Generic)

12
 Answer the activity as you reflect on what you have
learned from this lesson.

3-2-1
3 Things I learned today…

3
2 Things I found interesting…

2
1 The things I still have questions about…

13
 Activity: More Lingual!

In this part of our lesson, you are going to understand an example of a tanaga, one of
the earliest forms of Filipino poetry which is handed down through oral history.
NANAY
(Norbert C. Lartec)

1 Pagpanaw niya’y buhay

2 Paghikbi, paghalakhak
3 Paghihirap, pagsikhay
4 Sa bunsong nililiyag.

1. What is the central theme of the tanaga?

A. love of a mother C. the sacrifices of a mother
B. death of a mother D. love of a child to his/her mother
2. Which line of the tanaga reflects the sacrifices of a mother for her child?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
3. How many syllables compose each line of the tanaga?
A. 8 C. 7
B. 6 D. 9
4. Based on the above example, which of the following best describes tanaga?
A. It is a short poem. C. It follows a syllabication pattern.
B. It has a rhyme scheme D. all of the above
5. What does tanaga reflect on the linguistic knowledge of our ancestors?
A. For them, poetry was relevant to make meaningful communications.
B. They were aware of the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language.
C. They knew that language is a systematic means of communicating by sounds.
D. All of the above

Bio Note:
NORBERT C. LARTEC. He is currently a master teacher in the Department of Education, Division of Baguio
City and a former Associate Professor at the University of the Cordilleras. He was a recipient of “Ulirang Guro
2015” given by the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino due to his valuable contributions in the field of Filipino.

14
 Now, let us make a modern riddle!

In the first column are words of object you can usually find inside your house. Make
a riddle about that object and write it on the next column!

Object Riddle

Electric Fan

Refrigerator

Television

This is the end of the Lesson 1. Now, you must be prepared

to proceed to Lesson 2. You can take a break first, drink
water and prepare for the next lesson!

15
 Lesson
Philippine Literature:
2 American Period to Contemporary

Now, after accomplishing Lesson 1 of this module, you are set to experience Lesson 2! Let us
try to look back at our history during the time of the American Period as we traverse to our
present Contemporary period.

Who among you have watched the Vilma Santos movies: “Bata! Bata! Paano ka Ginawa?” and
“Dekada ‘70”?

These are movies from books that were written during the contemporary period.

This is Just a Review!

Directions: Complete the semantic web below with a word or group of words relevant
to literature.

Literature

16
 Read a poem written by Jose Garcia Villa, one of our
National Artists for Literature.

Sonnet 1
By Jose Garcia Villa

1 First, a poem must be magical,

2 Then musical as a seagull.
3 It must be a brightness moving
4 And hold secret a bird’s flowering
5 It must be slender as a bell,
6 And it must hold fire as well.
7 It must have the wisdom of bows
8 And it must kneel like a rose.
9 It must be able to hear
10 The luminance of dove and deer.
11 It must be able to hide
12 What it seeks, like a bride.
13 And over all I would like to hover
14 God, smiling from the poem’s cover.

(Source: Jose Garcia Villa. Doveglion. USA: Penguin Books, 2008. p. 12)

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

1. According to Villa, poems must be?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. How many lines there are in the poem? What form of poetry is it called?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

17
After you have learned the first two Periods of Philippine Literary History…
you are now ready to learn the next two.

American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century)

After the treaty of Paris, new colonizers arrived in the Philippines. A new set of colonizers
brought about new changes in Philippine literature.
• The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish.
• The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in
schools.

Philippine Literature is characterized by:

• Nationalism
• Freedom of Speech
• Experience
• Desire for Freedom

Philippine Literature during the American Era

• Short Story
• Poetry in English
• Free Verse in Poetry
• Drama

During the American era, writers are group into three.

1. Spanish Writers - They were accustomed to write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and
the other heroes.
Writers: Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jesus Balmori, Manuel Bernabe and
Claro M. Recto.

2. Filipino Writers - They continued the lamentations on the conditions of the country and
their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue. Poets during that time were
categorized by three:
• Poets of the Heart (Makata ng Puso)
Writers: Lope K. Santos, Carlos Gatmaitan, Amado V. Hernandez, Nemecio
Carabana and Mar Antonio
• Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
Writers: Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes, Patricio Mariano and Amado
V. Hernandez
• Poets of the Stage (Makata ng Tanghalan)
Writers: Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio

3. English Writers - They imitated the themes and methods of the Americans. English
writers in the American Era has three periods:
• The Period of Re-Orientation (1898 – 1910)
• The Period of Imitation (1910 – 1925)
• The Period of Self Discovery (1925 – 1941)

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 Genre Title Place of Origin Author
Fiction A Child of Sorrow – Zoilo Galang
The first English
Novel written in the
Philippines in 1921
Nonfiction I Am a Filipino Carlos P. Romulo
Banaag at Sikat Lope K. Santos
Isang Dipang Amado V.
Langit Hernandez

Contemporary Period

The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continue especially with
the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of
committed literature in the 1960s and the 1970s.
Of course, the Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art with the proliferation
of writers workshops here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via the mass
media including the internet. The various literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life
and Panorama literary awards.

Genre Title Place of Origin Author

Novel 'Gapô (at isang puting Lualhati Bautista
Pilipino, sa mundo ng mga
Amerikanong kulay brown) -
Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature for
Nobela, Grand Prize (1980)
Novel Dekada ‘70 – Carlos Lualhati Bautista
Palanca Memorial Awards
for Literature for Nobela,
Grand Prize (1983)
Novel Bata, Bata...Pa'no Ka Lualhati Bautista
Ginawa? - Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for
Literature for Nobela, Grand
Prize (1984)
Short Story Nemo: Ang Batang Papel – Rene O. Villanueva
Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature for
Maikling Kuwentong
Pambata (1992)
Short Story Papel De Liha (A Book in 2 Ompong Remigio
Languages) - Carlos
Palanca Memorial Awards
for Literature for Maikling
Kuwentong Pambata (1995)

(Source: Karen Anne C Beltran. “Philippine Literary Periods”. Scribd. August 27, 2010.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/36510088/Philippine-Literary-
Periods?fbclid=IwAR1EqgkvvGBd_8GIQSi1nTD5bwpBxoo-sGwo14es2U0CP8fEOs0PHu1iSRo.)

19
 Here is an activity for you!
Activity 1: Complete Me!
Complete the table for the notable literary works of the Pre-Colonial
Period. Write your answers to the space provided.
Contemporary Period
Genre Title Place of Origin Author
Novel 1. Lualhati
Bautista

2. Dekada ‘70 – Carlos Palanca Lualhati

Memorial Awards for Literature Bautista
for Nobela, Grand Prize (1983)

Novel Bata, Bata...Pa'no Ka Ginawa? - 3.

Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature for Nobela,
Grand Prize (1984)
Short Story Nemo: Ang Batang Papel – 4.
Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature for
Maikling Kuwentong Pambata
(1992)
Short Story Papel De Liha (A Book in 2 5.
Languages) - Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for Literature
for Maikling Kuwentong
Pambata (1995)

Activity 2: Classify me!

Directions: Identify if the writers belong to the American Period or the Contemporary
Period. Write AP if it is from the American Period and CP if it is from the
Contemporary Period. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

_________ 1. Lope K. Santos

_________ 2. Amado V. Hernandez

_________ 3. Lualhati Bautista

_________ 4. Rene O. Villanueva

_________ 5. Zoilo Galang

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Activity: Classify me too!

Directions: From the names of the writers, identify if the writer is a Makata ng Puso,
Makata ng Buhay or Makata ng Tanghalan. Write MP for Makata ng Puso, MB for
Makata ng Buhay, or MT for Makata ng Tanghalan. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

_________ 1. Carlos Gatmaitan

_________ 2. Jose Corazon De Jesus

_________ 3. Aurelio Tolentino

_________ 4. Severino Reyes

_________ 5. Amado V. Hernandez

Tell what you have learned in this lesson by simply filling out the chart.

Three New Facts I Learned

Two “ah-ha’s” that popped into my mind

One Big Question I Still Have

21
Before you finally end this module, here’s another activity for you to work on.
Give at least two literary pieces from each of the Literary Periods of the Philippines.

Period Title of Work Author

Pre-Colonial

Spanish Period

American Period

Contemporary Period

So how was your first experience in understanding Literature? Write a short sentence
about this experience and post a # (hashtag) highlighting this experience.

22
 How much have you improved? Check your
improvement index on Answer Key.

Part I. Choose the letter of the best answer. Circle the letter of your answer.
1. It is a body of written works that originated from oral traditions.
A. Fable B. Folk tales C. Literature D. Myth
2. In this period, the sources of literature are usually the local native town folk.
A. American period B. Japanese period C. Pre-colonial D. Spanish period
3. It is a lengthy narrative that has the role of heroes and damsels in distress.
A. Epic B. Fable C. Legend D. Myth
4. It discusses the occurrence on the earth and how things on earth were created.
A. Epic B. Fable C. Legend D. Myth
5. It is the story of mortals who has supernatural powers.
A. Epic B. Fable C. Legend D. Myth
6. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-ibig sa
Tinubuang Lupa.”
B. Jose Rizal, a prominent ilustrado and the country’s national hero, his novels
portray the corruption and abuse of the Filipino officials and the clergy.
C. Leona Florentino, known as the “mother of Philippine women’s literature,”
was a poet in both Ilocano and Spanish
D. Pedro Paterno, wrote Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880), the first poetry
collection in Spanish by a Filipino
7. This story depicts Filipino family practices and beliefs in a rural setting.
A. Bamboo Dancers C. Children of the Ash-Covered Loam.
B. Bonsai D. Seven Hills
8. Which of the following is an example of a Legend?
A. Biag ni Lam-ang C. Juan Tamad
B. The Creation D. The Flood Story
9. Which of the following is an example of a myth?
A. The Creation B. Hinilawod C. Darangan D. Monkey and Turtle
10. Which of the following story came from Igorot?
A. The Creation B. Hinilawod C. Darangan D. Monkey and Turtle

Part II. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is false.
_____11. Tagalog was the main language used in literature during the pre-colonial period.
_____12. The lifestyle of our ancestors was expressed in Philippine early literature.
_____13. Our ancestors wrote some of the literary pieces on fragile materials such as on leaves
and barks of trees using their writing system.
_____14. Baybayin was the only writing system used during the pre-colonial period.
_____15. The Philippines has so many oral-literary traditions such as novels, sonnets, and folk
tales during the pre-colonial period.

23
 24
What I Know What’s In What’s New
1. B (Answers may vary but will fall in the similar 1. candle/kandila
2. C answers such as…) 2. shadow/anino
3. C 3. clothes line/sampayan
4. C 4. mouth/bibig
5. finger/daliri
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. C
10.C. What I Can Do
11. TRUE
12. TRUE 1. A
13. TRUE 2. C
14.TRUE 3. B
4. D
15. FALSE
5. D
What’s More
Acitvity 1:
1. Riddle/Bugtong
2.no specific answer
3. Mindoro
4. Epics
5. Ilocos Region
Activity 2:
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
LESSON 1
 25
Assessment What’s In What’s New
1. B (Answers may vary but will fall in the similar Comprehension Questions
2. C answers such as…)
3. C
4. C Answers may vary
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. C
10.C.
11. TRUE What I Can Do
12. TRUE
13. TRUE
14.TRUE Answers may vary
15. FALSE
What’s More
Acitvity 1:
1. Gapo
2. Novel
3. Lualhati Bautista
4. Rene O. Villanueva
5. Ompong Remegio
Activity 2:
1. AP
2. AP
3. CP
4. CP
5. AP
Activity 3:
1. MP
2. MB
3. MT
4. MT
5. MP
LESSON 2
 References

Book:

Villa, Jose Garcia. Doveglion. USA: Penguin Books, 2008.

Website:

Beltran, Karen Ann C. “Philippine Literary Periods”. Scribd. August 27, 2010.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/36510088/Philippine-Literary-
Periods?fbclid=IwAR1EqgkvvGBd_8GIQSi1nTD5bwpBxoo-
sGwo14es2U0CP8fEOs0PHu1iSRo.

Philips, Jacobs. “History of Philippine Literature.” The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature,
2012. http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Literature/literary_forms_in_philippine_lit.htm

Sayson, James. “Header.” ICHCAP, 2011. https://www.unesco-

ichcap.org/eng/contents/ich.php?mode=view.

CONGRATULATIONS! You have completed Module I of

this subject. There are 6 more modules that you need to
hurdle for you to pass this quarter!

Don’t you worry! Ms. Letty and I will guide you through
every module. At this moment, stay put, relax and you will
have you next module, next week! See you!

26
 FEEDBACK SLIP
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