irakli braWuli

zekacis
hermenevtika:
hierofaniebi da
energetikuli paradigmebi

Tbilisi _ 2018
 IRAKLI BRACHULI

HERMENEUTICS
OF OVERMAN:
HIEROPHANIES END
ENERGETIC PARADIGMS

Tbilisi _ 2018

3
uak (UDC) 1 [nicSe]
b-908

filosofosebi aRar laparakoben `industriuli

sazogadoebis~ agoniaze, isini ufro misi Semdgomi fazis,
e.w. postteqnicisturi epoqis niSnebs ganixilaven. `posta-
damiani~, ai Tanamedrove hermenevtikuli situaciis ZiriTa-
di mocemuloba. sadamde mivida is `SemoqmedebiTi evolu-
cia~, romelsac nicSe, begsoni da sxvebi ikvlevdnen? ai misi
ZiriTadi kiTxva. amboben nicSes yvela winaswarmetyveleba
axdao; Tu asea, maSin ukve mogvcemia imis SesaZlebloba,
rom zekacis Sesaxeb prognozi realobas SevudaroT.

redaqtori
guram TevzaZe
filosofiis doqtori,
akademikosi

recenzentebi:
irakli baTiaSvili
filosofiis doqtori

aleqsandre aladaSvili
filosofiis doqtori

© irakli braWuli, 2018

ISBN 978-9941-8-0132-7

4
 Sinaarsi

winaTqma ....................................................................................................... 9

Sesavali. zekaci da qarizmatuli aRorZinebis

hermenevtika ............................................................................................. 11

Tavi 1. hermenevtikuli situacia ............................................... 18

$ 1. codnis araklasikuri idealebi ..........................18
$ 2. hermenevtikis saCumaTo ambavi ..............................26
$ 3. kvlavdabrunebis energia .......................................30
$ 4. konceptebi da konceptualuri personaJebi .......35
$ 5. zekacis variaciebi .................................................42

Tavi II. humanoidi. sicocxlis hermenevtika ........................ 50

$ 6. kartezianuli intuicia .........................................50
$ 7. sicocxlis intuicia ..............................................54
$ 8. libiduri energetika ............................................60
$ 9. sicocxlis eideturi intuicia .............................63
$ 10. moZRvreba regionul ontologiebze .................67
$ 11. bunebrivi ganwyobis dogmatizmi da misi
radikaluri Secvla. sicocxliT savse
sicocxle ..............................................................71
$ 12. hermenevtikis universaluri proeqtebis
meTodika da teqnologia.....................................75

5
$ 13. sulismecnierebaTa faruli pozitivizmi ...........80
$ 14. humanoidis vinaoba. eTikur-esTetikuri
anTropologia .......................................................82

Tavi III. didi kombinatori. TamaSis hermenevtika ............. 85

$ 14. TamaSis hermenevtikuli mniSvneloba ..................85
$ 15. absurdis gmiri......................................................86
$ 16. humanitarul mecnierebaTa arqeologia ............89
$ 17. konceptualuri karkasis miTi ............................92
$ 18. miTebis miTologia ................................................96
$ 19. supermeni ................................................................98

Tavi IV miTis kacebi. miTosuri hermenevtika ...................... 100

$ 20. SesaZlebloba .......................................................100
$ 21. saidumlo energetika (anTroposofia _
universaluri sulieri mecniereba) ....................105
$ 22. misteriaTa kulturis inaguratori ...................112
$ 23. totemuri kompleqsi .............................................116
$ 24. miTis kacis urTierToba humanoidTan da did
kombinatorTan ......................................................119

Tavi V. taZris kaci. orfikuli hermenevtika ...................... 124

$ 25. zekaci da orfeosi ...............................................124
$ 26. sofiopraqsisi .......................................................128

6
$ 27. arseboba, yofiereba da arseba ............................133
$ 28. esqatologiuri metafizika .................................138
$ 29. mesame aRTqmis winaswari ganWvreta ....................145
$ 30. neoqristianuli Teurgia .....................................148
$ 31. androgeni ..............................................................152

Tavi VI. enis qadagi. ontoTeologiuri hermenevtika .... 156

$ 32. saubrebi kardusTan..............................................156
$ 33. enis qadagi .............................................................157
$ 34. Sori gziT enisaken ...............................................162

Tavi VII. zekacis SeZrwuneba da kraxi.

eqsistencialuri hermenevtika ................................ 166
$ 35. adamianis gadalaxva: sikvdilis hermenevtika ...166
$ 36. sikvdilis mecnieruli modeli ...........................168
$ 37. sikvdilis Teologiuri sqema .............................170
$ 38. sikvdilis filosofiuri Teoria .......................171
$ 39. levinasis SeniSvna sikvdilis ontologiur
analizze ................................................................175
$ 40. zekacis SeZrwuneba da kraxi ...............................179

Tavi VIII. hierofaniebis hermenevtika ....................................... 185

$ 41. sicocxlis dauboloebeli X ..............................185
$ 42. eqsistencialuri kaTarzisis triaduli
dialeqtika ............................................................191
7
$ 43. mowiweba gameorebisadmi ......................................193
$ 44. adamianis bibliuri perspeqtivebi ......................195
$ 45. pirovneba, Temi da aRmsarebloba .......................197
$ 46. uqmneli energiebis sinergetika ..........................200
$ 47. madli da yoveldRiuroba ...................................202

Sejameba ....................................................................................................... 205

Summary ..................................................................................... 208
miTiTebuli literatura................................................................ 211

8
 winaTqma
`modis dro, roca filosofiuri wignebi ise
veRar daiwereba, rogorc Zvelad iwereboda~

Jil deliozi

es wigni cdaa, gahyves filosofosobis im gzas, rasac

iaspersma uwoda kacobriobis `sulieri situaciis (Geist-
situatione) analizi~, gadamerma `gagebiTi analizi~, arendt-
ma `Sesavali axali adamianis kondiciaSi~. amgvari analizi
sxvadasxva gziTa da saSualebebiT xorcieldeba. Taname-
drove filosofiis perezentatorebi xSirad azrs aqceven
konceptualur personaJebad da figurebad. filosofiuri
azris `gafigureba~ nicSes Semdeg aqtualur problemad
iqca. xolo mis mier gamogonili zekacis figura Taname-
droveobis mTavari filosofiuri Tema da Tavsatexi gaxda.
hermenevtikis Seswavlam unda gamoavlinos zekacis
figura, romelic am `disciplinis~ wiaRidan iSva. wignis
Tavebad warmodgenili saxelebi: `humanoidi~, `didi kom-
binatori~, `taZris kaci~, `miTis kaci~, `enis qadagi~, _
vfiqrob, zekacis variaciebs aRniSnaven da Tanamedrove
filosofiuri klimatis kristalizaciebs warmoadgenen.
mkiTxveli wignSi yvelgan Sexvdeba aRniSnuli `klimatis~
damowmebebsa da referenciebs.
zekacis figurebis nawili movxazeT adre gamoqvey-
nebul narkvevSi `zekacis msoflmxedveloba. hermenevtikis
energetikuli paradigmebi~(1987). am figurebs Tan ar ax-
lavs sistematuri Studiebi epistemologiasa da filoso-
fiis istoriaSi. Cveni wignis `figurebis~ amgvari komentari
SeiZleba sxva tipisa da mizandasaxulobis wignis Tema gax-
des. zekacis Temis Semdgomma damuSavebam gamokveTa mniS-
vnelovani aspeqti, romelic aRniSnul narkvevSi mxolod
impliciturad iyo nagulisxmevi. am aspqetis gamosaxata-

9
vad rudolf otom gamoigona termini `numinozuri~, xolo
mirCa eliades Sromebma, romanebma da scenarebma xeli Seu-
wyves sityva `hierofaniebis~ (saswaulCenebis) gavrcelebas
Tanamedrove moazrovne samyaroebSi. hierofaniebi her-
menevtikis energiuli paradigmebis moqmed sinTezebad da
miwyiv antiTezebad SeiZleba ganvixiloT, maT dinamikur
daaxloebasa da daSorebaSi. rogorc pol rikiori SeniS-
navs, `RmerTis sikvdili~ da maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis
miTi postulireben `mkvdreTiT aRmdgari RmerTis~ fio-
losfiur eqvivalenciebs.
avtori madlobas uxdis iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filosofiis mimar-
Tulebis studentebs, magistrantebsa da doqtorantebs. am
wignis bevri pasaJi wlebis ganmavlobaSi maTTan Catarebu-
li seminarebis Sedegad Seiqmna.

10
 Sesavali

zekaci da qarizmatuli aRorZinebis hermenevtika

`gaswaviT zekacs, adamiani raobaa, romlis

daZleva xams. ra hqmeniT mis dasaZlevad?~

fridrih nicSe

romauli miTologiidan, nicSem aiRo misi umaRlesi for-

mula `RmerTi mokvda~, romelic warmarTuli religiuri
panTeonis mxilebas anu kerpebis msxvrevas gamoTqvams. ker-
pebis msxvreva aris dawyebiTi safexuri axal rjulze mo-
qcevisa; `axal rjulze moqceva~, radikaluri mentaluri
Semobruneba, gadatrialeba refleqsiaSi, adamianis arsebis
ganaxlebas, qarizmatul aRorZinebasa da samyaros axali gan-
zomilebis gaxsnas moaswavebs. nicSem dainaxa, rom adamiani
`evoluciis Suagzaze~ SeCerda, ramac Seaferxa da SeaWirva
adamianuri yofnis arsebiTi struqturebi.
`post-filosofiuri~ mimdinareobani naklebad arian
dajildovebulni XIX saukunis paTetikur-tragikuli tem-
peramentiT. isini aRar svamen kiTxvebs: RmerTi Tu arse-
bobso?, ukve aRar aris Tu jer ar arsebobso? amis gas-
agebad Zalzed adre xom ar aris an ukve dagvianebuli xom
ar ariso? maT TiTqos ukan moitoves sakiTxTa es Zveli
wre da axla ukve kiTxuloben: preadamianuridan gamosuli
istoria postadamianur fazaSi xom ar Sevidao.
yvela vinc cdilobs Seicnos drois Taviseburebani
da adamianur SesaZleblobaTa zRvari, iZulebuli xdeba
gamoiyenos moaruli sintagma _ `post~. am niSnis mixedviT,
Cven amJamad vimyofebiT kacobriobis cxovrebis iseT pe-
riodSi, romelSic warmoiSoba raRac ufro mniSvnelovani,
vidre is, rasac ewodeba `adamiani~. finalisturi reduq-

11
cionizmis tendenciam gamoiwvia masiuri Semotana `post-`is
akademiuri oreulebisa, gansakuTrebiT ki predikatisa _
`meta~. aqtiurad formirdebian `metaenis~, `metateqstis~,
`metamecnierebis~, `metafsiqologiis~, `metafilosofiis~,
`metareligiisa~ da `metapolitikis~ disciplinebi, rogorc
`aratradiciuli~ an `alternatiuli~ perspeqtivebi adami-
anuri ganzomilebisa.
ingmar bergmanis filmSi _ `ziareba~, xSirad meordeba
fraza: `RmerTi sdums, RmerTi sdums, RmerTi sdums~. amis
Semdeg `ekrani gamoscems~ raRac kosmiur disharmoniul
eqos, pasuxgaucemlobis Sematyobinebel raRac enTropul
informacias, romelic iseTi kompiuterizebuli eTeridan
moedineba, romelSic gadacemebi jer ar dawyebula, an ukve
damTavrebulia. es xmebi filmis personaJebs ki ar esmiT,
aramed maT TavebSi gaismis; azrovnebisagan am ukiduresad
daZabuli Tavebidan gamodis, iRvreba da vrceldeba jer
ekranul da Semdeg mTels ekransgareTa samyaroSi. miT
ufro autanlad Zlieri da gausaZlisad aweulia es xma, rac
ufro Zlieri da Rrmaa Cafiqreba wmindasa da WeSmaritze;
yovelTvis ase xdeba, roca mRvdeli da mrevli ziarebas
atareben, an azrobrivad dauZaxeben da guliT mimarTaven
`RmerTs~. daZaxilze modis areuli, enTropiuli `post~.-
xmebi, arsebobamdeli da arsebobis Semdgomi SoreTis xmebi,
da sruliad mkafio da mkacrad gasagebi pasuxi: `ufali
sdums, ufali sdums, ufali sdums~. am samgzis gameorebul
orsityvian cnobas mRvdeli gadmogvcems rogorc mediumi,
rogorc qadagi, rogorc hermesi _ kacTa da RmerTTa Soris
ambebis mimomtani Sikriki da informatori. am SemTxvevaSi
mRvdeli hermenevtikosia, xolo hermenevtika diskursis
garkveuli saxis gamovlinebacaa da erT-erTi yvelaze gav-
leniani mimarTulebac Tanamedrove filosofiasa da Teo-
logiaSi.
ratom aqvs sityva `hermenevtikas~ aseTi Zlieri pozi-
tiuri datvirTva? vcadoT, gavigoT Tu ras gulisxmoben am

12
specialur terminSi; da ara marto imitom, rom mkiTxvels
Cveni wignis Sinaarsis gageba gavuadviloT; ufro imisaT-
vis, raTa SeZlebisdagvarad naTlad gaverkveT am erTob
rTul filosofiur movlenaSi.1
azrovnebis istoriiT dainteresebulma adamianebma kar-
gad ician, rom aRmavali epoqebi yovelTvis `raRacas ambo-
ben~, xolo krizisulni mxolod `raRacis Sesaxeb~ bWoben.
magaliTad, nicSes Tvlian did moazrovned, ramdenadac man
daarRvia krizisuli epoqis mentaluri etiketi da `raRa-
cis Tqma~ gabeda. masSi TviT `sicocxlis siRrmeTa yvirili~
gaigones.
`Sesaxeb Tqma~ standartuli unaria; xolo `raRacis
Tqma~ saWiroebs SemoqmedebiT niWs. xSirad svamen kiTxvas:
`ratomaa, rom Cvens epoqaSi aRar Canan platonebi, netari
avgustineebi da ekhartebi?~ amis mizezi ar SeiZleba iyos ge-
nialobis fsiqologiuri unaris nakleboba. zogierTi fi-
losofisis dakvirvebiT, teqnikis saukuneSi batonobs neba
uniWobisadmi (aramadlismieri azrovneba), magram TviTeul
adamianSi Zevs genialuri sawyisi da misi situaciuri real-
izebis unari. unda moxdes Semobruneba azrTawyobaSi; unda
ganaxldes neba genialurobisadmi. adamianis uRrmes wiaRSi
unda amuSavdes qarizmatuli (madlismieri) azrovneba. esaa
hermenevtikis saxeliT cnobili disciplinis daniSnuleba.
CavTvaloT, rom viciT ra aris hermenevtika. axla
vcadoT, aseve zogadi warmodgena SeviqmnaT zekacis her-
menevtikaze.
Cven yvelani `Cveni drois Svilebi~ varT; dro gagebis
horizontia. yovel adamians axasiaTebs is, rasac `epo-

1 filosofiuri hermenevtikis rogorc Tanamedrove akademiuri

disciplinis gamowvevebze vrceli literatura arsebobs. am dargisaT-
vis fuZemdebluri mniSvneloba XX saukunis sami didi hermenevtikosis
_ martin haidgeris, hans-georg gadameris da pol rikioris Txzulebebs
aqvT. 80-ian 90-ian wlebSi mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi gamoavlines ~post-
modernis~ Teoretikosebma _ deliozma, fukom, deridam da sxvebma. maTi
Sromebis zedmiwevniTi analizi Cveni kvlevis gezs Secvlida da Temas
agvacdenda.
13
qaluri konteqsti~ ewodeba. geniosad is iTvleba, vinc
`Tavis dros~ gauswro. Spengleri Tvlida, rom droebi
organistul-fazuri bunebisani arian. `Cven dros~ igi si-
beris fazaSi aTavsebda. Sesabamisad `Cveni drois~ adamia-
nis specifikas daberebis da `mixrwnilobaSi gadadgomis~
aspeqtSi ganixilavda. maqs SelerTan ki amgvari simboloa
`morbenali Wabuki~, romelic Tavisi sakuTari ZalebiT
garbis ukvdavebaSi. adamianis arsebas axasiaTebs konkretul-
situaciuri Taviseburebanic. hermenevtikuli anTropolo-
gia epoqis TviTrefleqsiis mcdelobaa, misi sagania adamia-
nis specifika `Cveni drois~ horizontSi. nicSe gviambobs
imis Sesaxeb Tu aRniSnuli specifikis ZiebaSi rogor ipova
Sesabamisi sityva Übermensh, zekaci: `iqve vipove me sity-
va `zekaci~ da rom adamiani raobaa, romlis daZleva xams~
(nicSe 1982: 164).
`araTanadroul fiqrebSi~ nicSe Senatris Tavis epoqaze
maRla mdgom individs, gamorCeuls, genioss, romelic saT-
aves daudebs sakuTari nebis karnaxiT moqmedi arsebebis _
`kacobriobis umaRlesi egzempliarebis~ Seqmnas. nicSe max-
areblis stilSi wers: `gaficebT Zmebo!.. gaswavliT zekacs!~
vin aris is zekaci, romelic adamianis Semdeg mova, sikeTesa
da borotebis miRma dadgeba da amitom `qristeze ufro
Wkviani~ iqneba? rogor SeiZleba igive mimarTebaSi iyo ada-
mianTan, rogorc adamiania maimunTan? yoveli arsis arse-
bobis azria Seqmnas Tavisi `ze-ram~. am azriT unda gadalaxos
adamiani zekacma; cxoveli xom daZlia adamianma?! magram
am `daZlevam~ sicocxlis daavadmyofeba gamoiwvia. zekacis
qadagi mimarTavs adamianebs: `amjobinebT cxovelebad uku-
iqceT, vidre sZlevdeT adamiansa?~ `adamiani Tokia cxov-
elsa da zekacs Soris~, `Toki ufskrulsa zeda~... `igi xidia
da ara mizani~, `gveqmen Cven ukanasknel adamianebad da Cven
gaCuqebT zekacs~. (nicSe 1983: 3-4).
rogorc SeniSnulia, zekaci ar aris axali etapi biologi-
uri evoluciis gzaze (Tumca aseTi interpretaciis momxrec

14
bevria), an axali sociologiuri saxeoba (asec ganmartaven
xolme), _ aramed esaa umaRlesi tipis srulyofili arseba,
romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo sikvdiliT determinire-
bul swrafdaclad sicocxlesTan, `mcenarisa da moCvenebis
nazavTan~, sicocxlis proletarTan, ukve daZvelebul ada-
mianTan. riTaa is srulyofili? upirveles yovlisa `batono-
bis codniT~.. `man ixila axali WeSmariteba~. zekaci axali
etapia codnis evoluciis gzaze. `ukanaskneli adamiani~
isaa, vinc icis, rom igi unda gadailaxos. amis codnaa `di-
onisuri sibrZnis~ anu `gadalaxvis sibrZnis~ dasawyisi.
yvela didi hermenevtikosis filosofiuri saqmianoba
mWidrod ukavSirdeba piradi gamocdilebis momentebs. Zne-
lia nicSes aforizmebis gageba, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT
avtoris sulier avadmyofobas. 1878 wlidan mas awuxebs
sulieri sneuleba, romlis Tanmxlebia Tavis tkivilebi,
`zogadi daqanculoba~. rac ar iyo gamowveuli mxolod sa-
medicino faqtorebiT. is Sepyrobili iyo evropuli kul-
turis `kreatiuli vibraciebis~ klebis SegrZnebiT. es ten-
dencia azrovnebas aqcevs autanlad mZime tvirTad. ada-
miani uars ambobs am simZimis tarebaze, `azris siswrafiT
moZraobaze~; gadadis ufro `Senelebul formebze~, egueba
mza mosazreba-kliSeebs. swored amgvari daqanculobidan
gamojanmrTelebis qadagia nicSe. misma supermenis kon-
ceptma unda gvaswavlos, Tu rogor movipovoT ulevi sa-
sicocxlo energiebi. `sicocxlis filosofiis~ nicSeseuli
tradiciis gamgrZeleblebma (dilTaim, bergsonma da sxv.)
sicocxlis sarezervo energoresursebis amuSavebis mTeli
strategia SeimuSaves, amas uwodes `hermenevtika~.
postsazogadoebis ideologiaSi anu `cnobierebis su-
perstruqturaSi~ (rogorc Tanamedrove sociologebi uwo-
deben) gadamwyveti roli moipova supermenTa (`supervar-
skvlavebis~, zemodelebis) industriam. `hermenevtikulia~
Tanamedrove adamianis araCveulebrivi gataceba meditaciiT
da bioenergetikiT. sxvadasxva meTodebiT xdeba kultur-

15
is industriidan da adamianis sulis siRrmidan gamoxmoba
iseTi informaciebisa, romelic (gacnobierebuli iqneba
Tu gaucnobierebeli) Tavis TavSi atarebs did energe-
tikul muxts. Seqmnilia fsiqoteqnologiebis industria,
romelsac hyavs Tavisi mwarmoebeli da momxmarebeli. sul
ufro farTovdeba fsiqoanalitikuri da meditaciuri re-
abilitaciis diapazoni. rogorc gasajarovda TviT romis
moqmedi papic iyenebda fsiqoanalizis serviss. aTiaTasobiT
fsiqoanalitikosi da meditatori emsaxureba milionobiT
`ukanaskneli adamianis~ pirovnuli potencialis aqtual-
izaciis saqmes.
nicSes `ukanaskneli adamiani~ swavlulia; `naswavli~
aqvs, rom sakuTari gagebis horizonts miRma sxva, usasru-
lod mravali horizontia, da arc erTi ar aris meoreze
upiratesi. yvela cxovrebis wesi erTnairad Rirebulia.
pingvinebis uflebebi adamianis uflebebs uTanabrdeba.
adamianuri kondicia arafers Seicavs iseTs, rac arsebi-
Tad gansxvavdeba aradamianurisagan. fukuiamas damowmebiT:
`ai ratomaa Tanamedrove adamiani ukanaskneli adamiani:
is daqanca istoriis gamocdilebam, gauqro faseulobaTa
mudmivobisa da samyaros iluzia~ (fukuiama 1999:112).
zekacis koncepts axasiaTebs TanSobili da moucilebe-
li orazrovneba: erT mxriv, is warmateba, aRiareba, Zalau-
flebis gafarToebaa, anu warmodgenis modelia, romelic
idealSi yvelasaTvis erTnairad sasurvelia da yvela ganc-
dis sazrisis sazomia. meore mxriv, masSi sul sxva SesaZle-
blobebia, ramac ganapiroba umartivesi sazrisebis `acim-
cimeba~ XX saukunis bolo meoTxedis zogierT nawarmoe-
bSi. kamiu laparakobda absurdis umartives ucxadesobebze
(évidencess), rac metia, vidre warmosaxvis zemodelebisa da
warmodgenis nimuSebis prezentaciebi.
`autsaideri~ nicSeseuli `ukanaskneli adamiania~, vinc
ver SeZlo maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis teqnikas daufle-
boda, xolo supermeni _ zekaci, romelmac hermenevtikuli

16
kvlavdabrunebis specialuri procedura _ savarjiSoe-
bis saSualebiT miaRwia sakuTari sulis aracnobieri siRrm-
iseuli potenciebis programul marTvas. igi qarizmatuli
aRorZinebis mewarme, mompovebeli da realizatori gaxda.
mas ukve gaintensivebuli aqvs somato-sensoruli sistema
da gaaCnia eqstrasensoruli percefcia.
amboben, nicSes yvela winaswarmetyveleba axdao. Tu
asea, maS ukve mogvcemia imis SesaZlebloba, rom zekacis
Sesaxeb prognozi realobas SevudaroT. CvenTvis arsebi-
Tia amosavali wertilis arCevani: zekaci _ adamianis arsis
gadalaxva. amazea damokidebuli msjelobis Semdgomi gaSla
hermenevtikis adgilisa da rolis Sesaxeb Cveni drois cod-
nis zogad koncefciaSi.

17
 Tavi I. hermenevtikuli situacia
$ 1. codnis araklasikuri idealebi

`yovel wels gamodis manqanebis da nivTebis

axal-axali modelebi, mxolod adamiani rCeba
moZvelebul modelad~.
oSo

hermenevtikuli situacia wvdomis xsnili area, sadac

nawili mTelSi gaigeba, xolo mTeli nawilSi. gagebisa da
ganmartebis umTavres pirobasa da princips, sxvanairad,
gagebis wres, hermenevtikul wresac uwodeben. amitomac
hermenevtikul filosofias im berikacs adareben xolme,
romelic sicocxlis dasasrulis Jams, warsulze, cxovrebis
ganvlil gzaze fiqrebs eZleva: amaod gaqra yoveli Tu
mainc hqonda raime azri?! amgvarad is yofierebis sazrisis
mkvlevari xdeba. amgvari `kvlevebis~ daiwyebamde TviTon
`cxovreba~ iwyeba, raRac winaswari gagebidan. cxovreba
xom raimed yofna, amgvarad yofna anu `raobaa~. sazrisis
gamgebi da ganmmartebeli verasodes mowydeba Tavis sawyis
hermenevtikul situacias. sasicocxlo samyaros gancda,
gamoxatva da gageba `ver gadaaxteba sakuTari cxovrebis
praqtikis Ria horizonts~ (habermasi 2013 : 198).
hermenevtikam ganicada cvlilebebi berZnuli sakul-
to misteriebidan da teqstebis gagebis xerxebidan yofi-
erebis rogorc teqstis gagebamde. es cvlilebebi arsobriv
ganxilvas moiTxovs istoriuli, sagnobrivi da meToduri
TvalsazrisiT. Cveni wignis miznebisaTvis sakmarisia imis
moniSvna, rom hermenevtikulma naazrevma unda dakiTxos
rogorc yoveldRiurobis narativebi, `cxovrebis~ winas-
wari gagebebi, anu miTebi, aseve am `miTebis~ miTologiebi,
_ ukve gadamuSavebulni da SeTxzulni filosofiuri kon-
ceptebis saxiT.

18
 adamianuri arsebis, `adamianurobis~ (humanitat) progre-
sis idea, romelic gaifurCqna ganmanaTleblobis dros,
uaryofili iqna TviT erT-erTi udidesi ganmanaTleblis,
rusos mier, romelmac yoveli axali da maRali safexuri
adamianuri civilizaciis srulyofis spiralSi, dekadansis
srulyofis safexurebad gamoacxada. nicSem kidev ufro
radikalurad daayena rusoseuli sakiTxi: istoria ufro
degradaciis procesia, vidre winsvlisa, romelsac mivyev-
arT adamianis srul likvidaciamde.
adamianis problema filosofiaSi yovelTvis codnis
problemis saxes iRebda. gonebiT dajildovebuli cocxali
arseba (animal racionale) iyo bunebiT filosofosi, codnis
megobari. gansakuTrebiT axali filosofia, dekartedan
dawyebuli, gatacebuli iyo codnis `apodiqturobis idealiT~.
apodiqturoba niSnavs sxvanaiarad yofnis SeuZleblobas.
sayovelTao da aucilebeli anu kategorialur struqtu-
ras. hegelTan filosofiam absolutur mecnierebad gadaq-
ceuli codnis saxe miiRo. Sesabamisad, cocxalma filoso-
fiam, anu adamianis bunebam amowura Tavisi Tavi. hegelis
mixedviT, marTalia kacobrioba me-18 saukunis Semdeg iner-
ciiT agrZelebs arsebobas, magram araviTar rols aRar
TamaSobs istoriis dasasrulis Semdgomdroindel post-
samyaroSi. adamiani gadailaxa. vin gadalaxa? `azrovnebis
procesma~ miatova igi da absolutur subieqtSi dabrunda.
hegelis Semdgomi filosofiis anu postfilosofiis Ziri-
Tad sakiTxad iqca adamianis arsis evoluciis SesaZle-
blobis problema.
istoriam TiTqos daadastura hegelis prognozi. XIX-
XX saukuneebSi bunebismecnierebani naxtomiseburad gan-
viTardnen. did sabunebismetyvelo aRmoCenebs mohyva sa-
mecniero-teqnikuri progresi, magram sulieri mecniere-
bani CamorCnen. es uSualod aisaxa Tanamedrove adamianis
moralur-sulier CamorCenilobaSi. Tavi iCina `eqsisten-
cialurma~ da ekologiurma krizisebma.

19
 amerikeli bunebismetyveli, nobelis premiis laureati k.
lorenci wers: `Tu fxizeli TvaliT SevxedavT yvelafers,
rac dRes samyaroSi xdeba, gagviWirdeba raime davupirispi-
roT morwmunes, romelsac swams, antiqristem aiSva Tavio~
(lorenci 1992:102). aseTia samyaro, romelSiac teqnikur
progress win ar uswrebs, an uares SemTxvevaSi an mosdevs
mainc sulieri progresi. mTeli simwvaviT daisva mec-
nierebis am `anTropologiuri CamorCenilobis~ daZlevis
amocana. swavlulebi miubrundnen e.w. goniT-mecnierebaTa
meTodologias. am sferoSi Catarda mravali reforma, eqs-
perimenti da rekonstruqcia. am mcdelobaTa saTaveebTan
dganan `hegelis Semdgomi~ azrovnebis umTavresi warmomad-
genlebi: nicSe, marqsi, froidi. maT moaxdines `Semobruneba
refleqsiaSi~, maT gakvales gza `absoluturi mecnierebi-
dan codnis araklasikuri idealebisaken~, anu anTropopraq-
sisaken _ `adamianis Sesaxeb universaluri mecnierebisaken~
Semobrunebaa nicSes ontopraqsisi, marqsis sociopraqsisi
da froidis fsiqopraqsisi. am poziciidan, adamianis bio-
genezi damTavrda magram, igi grZeldeba sociogenezis da
kulturogenezis ganzomilebaSi. romel fazaSi varT? ra
mimarTulebiT midis adamianis arsis evolucia?
SeiZleba Tu ara mogvardes adamianis eqsistenciuri
krizisi? am kiTxvebze `hegelis gadamtrialeblebi~ dadebi-
Tad an orazrovnad pasuxobdnen. mas Semdeg, rac samyaroSi
gaCnda axali ganzomileba _ `kultura~ anu `meore buneba~,
gaCnda didi goniT-energetikuli rezervuari _ msgavsi
aisbergisa. zedapirze xilvadi kulturfenis qveS imaleba
mentaluri da emociuri aqtebis amouwuravi sacavi, sadac
reaminirebuli da konservirebulia mTeli adamianuri ga-
mocdileba. dostoevskis sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT, sadac aR-
nusxulia atirebuli bavSvis TiToeuli kurcxalic ki. aq
gvaqvs Taviseburi istoriuli wreebis zonaluri geogra-
fia da astronomia. Sesabamisad SeiZleba misi praqtikuli

20
aTviseba anu adamianis sasicocxlo sivrcis gafarToveba
da `usasrulo ganviTareba~. adamianis ukvdaveba kacobrio-
bis mexsierebaSiao _ ambobda marqsi. naTelxilvisa da intui-
ciis mTeli samyaroa organuli mexsiereba _ ambobda nicSe.
xolo froidis azriT, rogori iqneba adamianis mdgomareoba
(daZabuli iqneba is Tu harmoniuli) damokidebulia sulis
siRrmeSi mimdinare aracnobier procesebze. `aracnobieri
fsiqikuri~ inaxavs ara marto erTi piris cxovrebaSi, ar-
amed warsuli Taobebis cxovrebebSi miRebuli travmebisa
da stresebis gamocdilebasac.
am fonze SegviZlia gamovkveToT hermenevtikac. infor-
maciis es sruliad gansakuTrebuli saxeoba, mowodebuli im
xarvezis Sesavsebad, rasac qmnis, erTis mxriv, teqnikuri `in-
formaciis afeTqeba~, xolo meores mxriv, sulieri informa-
ciis ukiduresi simwire da zereloba. mravali avtoris da-
kvirvebiT, industriuli epoqis mentaluri specifika ima-
Sia, rom kanonmdebeli (anu absoluturi) goneba Seicvala
mainterpretirebeli gonebiT. msoflmxedvelobaTa forme-
bi Seicvala msoflinterpretaciis ZiriTadi formebiT,
diskursebiT. TviT gonebam icvala adamianisadmi mtruli
saxe. igi ukve aRar aris daxSuli TviTsistema.
`hermenevtikis mamebma~ gaaTavisufles mainterpre-
tirebeli goneba kanonmdebeli gonebis rudimentuli da-
naSrevebisagan da codnis apodiqturi idealebisagan, mas
daakisres kulturaTa Zireuli urTierTgagebis funqcia.
filosofiuri hermenevtikis saxiT Cafiqrebuli iqna
evropuli azrovnebisa da codnis farTo reorganizaciis
gabeduli proeqti. adamianSi droebiT gawyda (gaqra) fena,
sadac dausruleblad jvaredindeboda xiluli niSani da
uxilavi arsi. ai am fenis aRdgenas isaxaven miznad her-
menevtikis `universaluri proeqtebi~. am farTod gagebul-
ma gagebiT-enobrivma Ziebebma warmoSva Cveni drois (jer
kidev gasul saukuneSi Casaxuli) ori urTierTgamomdinare

21
tendencia: zekaci da zemecniereba. fenomenologia, eqsisten-
cializmi, struqturalizmi da yvela maTi postvariacia
hermenevtikaSi pouloben im ziar sivrces, sadac SeiZleba
moxdes Tanamedrove anTropologiis koceptualuri aR-
moceneba.
XX saukunis filosofosebma gagebiTi operaciebisagan
SeimuSaves `hermenevtikuli teqnika~. gageba-ganmartebis
xelovneba Camoyalibda sistematuri saxiT. e.i. iseTi saxiT,
romlis aTviseba da gadacemac SesaZlebelia. am iaraRiT Sei-
Zleba gagebis niWis gavarjiSeba, gawvrTna, gafaqizeba, dax-
vewa, gamaxvileba.
hermenevtikosi aris adamiani sagangebod gawvrTnil-ga-
varjiSebuli gagebis teqnikiT. mas SeuZlia `mzeris marT-
va~. mis gamaxvilebul mzeras win veraferi daudgeba. misT-
vis aRar arsebobs droudl-sivrculi barierebi. mzerism-
marTvels xelewifeba Taviseburi sulieri kosmonavtika:
Soreuli mogzaurobani warsulsa da momavalSi.
yvelaferi teqstualuri bunebisaa, teqstualuri
kodis matarebeli sistemaa. maSasadame, yvelaferSi da
TiToeulSi Sesvla SeiZleba. amas `teqstSi Sesvla~, `teqstSi
da mzeraSi cxovreba~ ewodeba. hegelis gonis fenomenologia~
aseTi cxovrebis Tavgadasavals, xolo huserlis `transcen-
dentaluri fenomenologia~ misi ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gvi-
ambobs. gavixsenoT sartriseuli `mzeraTa urTierTobis~
analitika. mzera (Wvreta) _ intuiciaa da meditaciac, e.i.
codnis saSualebacaa da TviTsrulyofis (TviTevoluciis)
efeqturi meTodic.
TviTevoluciis cnebis gasagebad ganvmartoT Taname-
drove goniT sivrceSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli ori termini:
`transcendireba~ da `meditacia~. `Tu adamiani Tavis Tavs
garedan Sexedavs, _ ambobda merab mamardaSvili _ maSin is
transcendirebs Tavis arsebas im viTarebasTan mimarTebaSi,
romelSic is imyofeba; is transcendirebs viTarebas. amis

22
biZgis mimcemia misi meore dabadeba ucnob farul samSob-
loSi, romelic arsad arsebobs. davarqvaT mas metafizi-
kuri samSoblo. ... amgvarad, transcendirebis aqti aris
adamianis evoluciis, adamianuri arsebis ganmsazRvreli~.
(mamardaSvili 1996: 21)
filosofiuri meditacia sakuTari sulis marTvisa da
gamouyenebeli resursebis amoqmedebis saSualebaa. ai erT-
erTi sameditacio teqsti: `...warmodgenaSi vxedav Tu ro-
gor vizrdebi, vxdebi ufro didi vidre Cemi saxli... Cemi
saxli ukve Cems SigniTaa, viTarca Cemi Semadgeneli erTi
nawili... me ukve gadmovyureb Cems qalaqs... nel-nela me
movicavi Cemi qalaqi... me gavcdi qalaqis sazRvrebs, axla
qalaqi Cems SigniTaa. Cemi ganvrcoba grZeldeba. me zemo-
dan davyureb Cems qveyanas, dedamiwas, kontinentebs, zRvebs,
mdinareebs, mTebs, tyeebs, okeaneebs. me vivsebi Cemi plan-
etiT; da me vxdebi mTeli dedamiwa. me vWvret sakuTar Tavs,
rogorc ukidegano arseba, Cems irgvliv sicarielea, sa-
dRac Sors Cans gavarvarebuli mze. Cemi sunTqva itevs mTe-
li dedamiwis, misi yvela suldgmulis sunTqvas... me mana-
Tobeli mocimcime varskvlavi var... me Soridan, ukidegano
kosmosis erT-erTi galaqtikidan vuyureb am mocimcime
manaTobel varskvlavs... nel-nela vubrundebi sakuTar
Tavs~ (sarjvelaZe 1988:86). esaa hermenevtikuli mogzau-
robis erT-erTi tipuri nimuSi. hermenevtikosi nebismier
nivTTsa Tu pirovnebas sulSi Causaxldeba, mis siRrmeSi
SeaRwevs da amgvarad iRebs gamocdileba-informacias. e.i.
miaRwevs gagebas yvela doneze. maT Soris, e.w. `umaRlesi
donis gagebiT aqtebs~.
hermenevtika erTdroulad aris meTodi da cda. es
gulisxmobs gasageb saganSi transpozicias: STasvlas, ga-
dasaxlebas. gagebis sirTulis xarisxi icvleba gasagebi
fenomenis sirTulis xarisxiT. gamoyofen Semdeg ZiriTad
xarisxebs: elementaruli, rTuli, umaRlesi.

23
 moviyvanoT ramodenime ilustracia `goniTi gagebis
uzenaesi aqtebisa~. vTqvaT Cveni drois adamians aklia si-
yvarulis unari. uaRresad gaRaribebuli da gauxeSebulia
misi sqesobrivi vnebani. Tanamedrove `homo erotikuss~
SeuZlia `goniTi mzeriT~ Casaxldes, vTqvaT, antoniusisa
da kleopatras satrfialo `hermenevtikul situaciaSi~ da
iqidan miiRos masazrdoebeli energia-gamocdileba. amgvari
`gagebis aqtiT~ adamianis arsebaSi ixsneba mravali sasicocx-
lo-energetikuli arxi.
an vTqvaT (esaa klasikuri magaliTi, romelic moyavT
xolme TviT `filosofiuri hermenevtikis mamebs~ frid-
rix Slaiermaxersa da vilhelm dilTais) adamians epoqa ar
aZlevs saTanado religiuri gamocdilebis saSualebas. mas
eufleba `metafizikuri SimSilis~ Semawuxebeli gancdebi. mis
`mzeras~ SeuZlia gadasaxldes Tundac romelime msoflio
saeklesio krebis situaciaSi, sadac yvelaferi (Sinagani
aucileblobiT) iTxovs religiuri cxovrebis araCveu-
lebriv ganviTarebas da iseT mistiur energias badebs, rom
saSualebas iZleva `logosis TviTmxilvel~ wminda mamebTan
erTad mrwamsis TanaSemoqmedeba ganicado.
igive SeiZleba gakeTdes, iseTi zeZlieri religiuri
muxtis matarebelTa mimarTac, rogorebic iyvnen netari av-
gustine da martin luTeri. maTi religiuri gamocdilebis
naSTi xom maTive werilobiT memkvidreobaSia Semonaxuli.
saWiroa mxolod saTanado gagebaTa operaciebis gamoyeneba.
kargad SeniSnavs erTi Tanamedrove qarTveli avtori:
`davukvirdeT Tu rogor mimarTavda merve saukunis qar-
Tul eklesiaSi moZRvari mrevls: `gxedav Tqven, viTarca
RvTivcnobilTa da RmrTisa mcnobelTa... samkvidrebelno
sulisa wmidisano... megobarno Zisa RmrTisano~ _ warmoid-
gineT rogoria is mrevli, romelsac amgvari sityvebiT
mimarTaven. cxadia sulier mecnierebaSi Rrmad ganswav-
lulni da ukve umaRles doneze aqvT ganvlili qristian-

24
uli xeldasxmis gza~ (kuWuxiZe 1994: 65). Tu Cven hermenev-
tikul teqsts ase aviTvisebT, Cvenc iqaurebi, im krebulis
realuri wevrni gavxdebiT da maTi energiebis monawilec.
arsebobs ramdenime saxis hermenevtika. pirobiTad
erT-erT maTgans `energetikuli hermenevtika~ vuwodeT.
am ukanasknelis yvelaze gavrcelebuli da istoriuladac
yvelaze adre warmoSobil nairsaxeobas ewodeba `sicocx-
lis hermenevtika~. mis winaSe daisva konkretuli amocana:
rogor moxdes did sabunebismetyvelo aRmoCenaTa analo-
giuri aRmoCenebi anTropologiis dargSi. ufro zustad:
am disciplinam principulad unda gadawyvitos atomuri da
eleqtruli energetikis analogiuri `sulieri energeti-
kis~ aRmoCenisa da mopovebis sakiTxi.
aseTi aRmoCeniT daiwyeboda axali, `universaluri mec-
nierebis era~; SesaZlo gaxdeboda sulieri energoresursebis
warmoeba; Seicvleboda adamianis goniT-emociuri modeli;
miiRweoda `eqsistencialuri renesansi~, pirovnebad qcevis
Sinagani procesi arnaxuli intensivobisa gaxdeboda; ganxor-
cieldeboda reberfingi _ `xelaxla dabadebis~ SegrZnebebi
da Sinagani resursebis sruli amuSaveba.
zekacis diskursi aris sainformacio-energetikuli
diskursi. am TvalsazrisiT, samyaros safuZvlad udevs si-
cocxlis industriis programuli gaSla, rac Tavis mxriv
gulisxmobs praqtikulad ulevi TviTrigulirebadi da
TviTwarmomqmneli `sicocxlis energetikuli~ wyaros daSve-
bas. am wyaros mflobeli aris zekaci. amiT ganisazRvreba
adamianis, rogorc sasicocxlo sarewao kulturis Semqm-
nelisa da sicocxlis energetikosis adgili kosmosSi. ukve
bevri ram aris damokidebuli samyaros bedSi adamianze da
mis gonebaze. ramdenad gonivrulad CaerTveba kosmosSi,
romelSic mimdinareobs omi erossa da Tanatoss Soris,
`msoflio energiis~ organiul nakadsa da uaryofiT `en-
Tropiul~ Zalebs Soris.
adamianis xeliT moxda sul ufro meti da meti ener-
giebis mitaceba. gaCnda `ganviTarebis zRurblis~ cneba. igi

25
warmoSva SesaZleblobam, rom safrTxe Seeqmnas cnobierebis
Tavisufal-SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis (huserlis terminiT
Bewuβtseinsleben) usasrulobis perspeqtivebs.
sainformacio-energetikul `planetarulobaSi~ Cade-
bulia sicocxlis industriis proeqti, romlis program-
uli gaSla amJamad mimdinareobs. anri bergnsonis eniT, rom
vTqvaT, saqme exeba sicocxlis kosmiuri pirvelsawyisis, lan
Vital-is industriul proeqtSi moqcevas.

$ 2. hermenevtikis saCumaTo ambavi

yovel kulturul formas interpretaciis sakuTari

teqnika da meTodebi aqvs. miSel fuko wers: `interpre-
taciis dausrulebloba, misi gaxleCiloba, misi mudmivi
damokidebuleba ganusazRvrelze, swored marqsis, nicSesa
da frodis mier aris aRmoCenili. me vfiqrob es aRmoCena
maT gaakeTes erTnairad: sawyisebze uaris Tqmis formiT~
(fuko 2016: 23).yoveli niSani aris ara sagani, romelic
sainterpretaciod gveZleva, aramed sxva niSanTa inter-
pretacia. aRmoCnda, rom interpretaciaSi, gamorkvevis
mimarTeba ki ar myardeba, aramed Zalauflebis neba real-
izdeba; gamorkvevis interesi ki ar moqmedebs, aramed win-
amorbedi interpretaciis dauflebis da sakuTari Zalau-
flebis masze gavrcelebis interesi (fuko 2016: 36). rogor
Seityves Tanamedrove hermenevtikis mesaidumleebma ni-
SanTa gabatonebuli sistemis saCumaTo ambavi? maTi xedvis
areSi moeqca verbaluri enisa da sazrisuli velis miRma
damaluli ganmartebebis mTeli qseli, saidanac xdeba Cveni
azrovnebis programuli marTva.
marqsma es saCumaTo ambavi gamoavlina rogorc yalbi
cnobiereba-ideologia; klasobrivi batonobis iaraRi. nic-
Sem rogorc resenitimenti _ uZlur monaTa SurisZiebis
iaraRi-~joguri morali~. froidma rogorc sublimacia _

26
cnobierebis cenzuriT gandevnili saxeSecvlili, aracnob-
ieri fsiqikuris niSnebi; Sifrebi, romlebic malaven mTa-
vari afeqtebisa da ltolvebis Zalauflebas.
nicSesTan substanciisa da arsis fiqciebi icvleba `si-
cocxliT~, romelsac TviTonve SeuZlia gansazRvros sa-
kuTari raoba; marqsTan Sroma, is demiurgia, sadac xdeba
adamianis arsobriv ZalTa gasagneba da bunebis ZalTa aT-
viseba. Sromaze moZRvreba aris `Tqmuleba imis Sesaxeb Tu
rogor xeba transcendenturi imanenturad da imanenturi
transcendenturad~. froidTan enis analizuri damuSaveba
gansazRvravs adamianis arsebobis wess.
adamianuri Zalebi gauerTianda sasrul Zalebs: si-
cocxles, Sromas da enas. fukom maT uwoda `kvazi-
transcendenciebi~2. adamiani urTierTobaSi Sedis da Tan-
daTan formalurad erTiandeba sxva, ucnob, rizomatu-
lad ganusazRvrel X ZalebTan, rasac misi gauCinareba da
postadamianuri konfiguraciis gamoCena mohyveba. adamiani
sakuTrivi azriT, mxolod codnis Tanamedrove konfigura-
ciaSi gamoCnda, magram is maSinve gauCinardeba rogorc ki
codna axal formas miiRebs (fuko 2005:227).
fuko gvafrTxilebs, rom Cven gauCinarebis mudmivi
safrTxis qveS vmoZraobT. azrovnebis erTaderTi amoca-
naa fxizlad uTvalTvalos momavlis horizonts, Tumca is
ukve gaxsnis SesaZleblobas moklebulia. gagebis horizon-
ti yrud aris daxSuli urTierTamreklavi sarkeebiT anu
interpretaciis teqnikebiT, yvelaferi urTierTamreklavi
sarkeebis usasrulo TamaSamde daiyvaneba. maT Sesaxeb ukve
platoni da pavle mociquli laparakobdnen.
platonis gamoqvabulis miTSi azrovneba warmodgenil-
ia rogroc reprezentaciis rTuli sarkisebuli modeli.
korinTelTa mimarT epistole pavle mociqulisa gvauwyebs:
2 winsarTi `kvaziT~ nawarmoebi terminebi _ `kvazireligia~ da a.S.
niSnavs: `viTomkaci~. nawarmoebia viqtor hiugos mier mogonili sityvi-
dan `kvazimodo~. es saxeli daarqva mweralma parizis RvTismSoblis taZ-
ris mnaTes, dabadebiT deformirebul maxinj xeibars.
27
`rameTu vxedavT aq viTarca sarkiTa da saxiTa, xolo maSin
ki pirispir. axla vuwyi mcired, xolo merme mecna, viTarca
Sevimecne~ (13.12). jer-jerobiT TiTqos sarkeSi budovani
anarekliT vxedavT WeSmarit viTarebebs, xolo `maSin~ uc-
nob momavalSi `pirispir~ Sevimecneb, iseve rac misgan viqne-
bi Semecnebuli.
xose luis borxesis versiiT, `caTa wiaRSi dafaruli
auarcxel ufskurlTa simravle, Cveni Sinagani samyaros
sarkeSi Cenili anareklia. nakvalevi, romelsac droSi
tovebs adamiani, erTgvar Seucnobel suraTad ixazeba. Rv-
Tiuri goneba am suraTs iseve mkafiod aRiqvams, rogorc
Cven samkuTxedis figuras. am suraTs (SesaZloa) raRacnairi
roli aqvs gamzadebuli samyaros harmoniaSi~ (borxesi1996:
35). es imas niSnavs, rom adamianuri situacia `teqstual-
uria~ anu is arsebobs mxolod SeuzRudav semiozisSi (ni-
SanTqmnadobaSi).
teqstis figurebs eniWebaT cocxali arsebebis statu-
si, raTa gaizardos maTi reprezentaciuloba, warmoCeniTi
potencia. aqedan ikveTeba axali, manamde ucnobi modalo-
bebi, romlebic usasrulod awarmoeben sazrisTa iseT
resursebs, risi wyaroc ver iqneboda cnebaTa spekulaturi
sistemebi.
Txrobas aqvs unari usasrulod Seivsos da gagrZeldes.
amisaTvis is unda SeuerTdes „ontoteqstis~ uzarmazar ko-
rpuss. sityva TEXT etimologiurad niSnavs bmuls, grex-
ils, qsovils. „yoveli teqsti warmoadgens Zveli citatebi-
sagan Seqmnil axal qsovils~ _ es sityvebi iseve miewereba
rolan barts, rogorc „Seican Tavi Seni~ sokrates. sinamd-
vileSi is iyo warwera delfosis samiznoze. iulia kriste-
vam mixail bastiniseuli polifoniuri romanis koncefcia
gamoTqva axali terminiT „interteqstualoba~ (1967w). amiT
saxeli daerqva „realobis axal formas, romlis mTavari
maxasiaTebelia TviTgeneraciis unari~.3 azrovnebis „Tqmu-

3 ix. SesaniSnavi gamokvleva, kinwuraSvili m., `ena, teqsti, in-

terteqsti~, 2009.
28
lebrivi~ samyaro TviTmadlierebis iseT qsels, grexils
qmnis, romelsac aRar gaaCnia marTvis erTiani programuli
centri. aq ukve teqstTan ki ara, metateqstTan gvaqvs saqme.
tradiciuli filosofiis amxsneli goni gadaizarda
universaluri hermenevtikis mainterpretirebel gonSi,
xolo naratologiis doneze is uars ambobs iyos mainterp-
retirebeli, teqstis saidumlos gamgebi goni. „misTvis te-
qstis yvela fesvi haerSi hkidia, amitom arc maTi amoTxra
uwevs (fesvebidan) ZiriTadis sapovnelad~. (barti 2013 : 122)
umberto ekos SeniSvniT, metateqsti imiT gansxvavdeba
teqstisagan, rom is bedavs TviTon iyos Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb
mTxrobeli. „semiozisis procesis mimdinareobaSi, romelsac
sazRvari ar gaaCnia, nebismieri aRniSnuli SeiZleba gaxdes
sxva aRniSnulis aRmniSvneli. aRniSnuli SeiZleba gaxdes
sxva aRmniSvnelis aRmniSvneli. aRniSnuli SesaZloa erT
dros Tavisi aRmniSvnelis aRmniSvneladac iqces, isic Sei-
Zleba moxdes, rom obieqtma (referentma) semiotizacia gani-
cados da niSnebad gardaiqmnes~. (eko 2007 : 225)
Sesabamisad unda ganvasxvavoT metamkiTxveli da nai-
vuri mkiTxveli. metamkiTxveli naivur wakiTxvas kiTxu-
lobs, wakiTxva kiTxulobs Tavis Tavs.
gavrcelda simulakrebis Teoriis, misi meTodebisa da te-
qstebis simulireba.4 ase iqmneba fsevdonicSe, fsevdobodri-
ari da a.S. es procesi filosofiaSi, srul analogias pulobs
literaturaSi e.w. diadi teqstebis parodirebis meTodSi,
romelsac XX saukunis bevri gamoCenili xelovani mimarTavs.
sxvaTa Soris, Jak derida erTgan SeniSnavs, rom zogjer fsev-
donimi ufro efeqturi da ufro auTenturia movlenisaTvis,
vidre misi oficialuri warmomadgenlis saxeli.

4 nicSes naazrevis naratologiur rekonstruqcias gvTavazobs

e.elizbaraSvilis mravalmxriv saintereso wigni: „nicSe: „filosofiis
kulisebi“ da simulakrebi“ (2005 w.), avtori Cveni narkvevis Sesaxebac
msjelobs: `rac Seexeba mexuTe periods, igi nicSeologiaSi 90-iani wle-
bidan iwyeba da postkomunisturi sivrcis msoflio nicSeologiis ukve
magistralur xazSi dabrunebiT aRiniSneba. am periods SeiZleba miva-
kuTvnoT i. braWulis „zekacis msoflmxedveloba“ (1996)“ (gv. 28-29).
29
 § 3. kvlavdabrunebis energia
`ganmeoreba gansxvavebis Zalaa~

Jil deliozi

azris gamoRviZeba `dogmaturi Tvlemidan~ yovelgvari

filosofiis mTavari amocanaa. evropuli filosofiuri
tradiciis klasikur idealebs, deliozi dogmaturi5 az-
rovnebis rva postulatSi aTavsebs. esenia: 1) principis
postulati. cogito natura universalis (moazrovnis keTili neba
da azrovnebis keTili buneba); 2) idealis anu yoveldRi-
uri cnobierebis postulati (`fakultetTa Tanxmoba~ da
am Tanxmobis garanti~ _ saRi azri, rogorc ganlageba; 3)
nimuSis postulati anu cnobadoba (gamocnoba aRZravs sa-
varaudo erTeul obieqtze zemoqmedebis unars; da aqedan
gamomdinare Secdomis SesaZleblobas. erTi Tavisi obieqti
SeiZleba aerios meore obieqtSi; 4) elementis postula-
ti anu warmodgena (roca gansxvaveba daqvemdebarebulia
erTnairobisa da msgavsebis, analogiurobisa da dapiri-
spirebulobis damatebiT parametrebze); 5) uaryofis anu
Secdomis postulati (roca Secdoma maSinve amJRavnebs
yvelafer cuds, rac SeiZleba azrovnebaSi moxdes, ro-
gorc Sinagani meqanizmebis Sedegi; 6) logikuri funqci-
is postulati anu varaudi (aRniSvna miRebulia rogorc
WeSmaritebis alagi, xolo sazrisi warmodgenili saxis
ganusazRvreli dublireba da oreulia); 7) modalobis
postulati anu gadawyveta. varaudebidan materialurad
kopirebuli amocanebi, anu sakiTxis gadawyvetis formal-

5 dogmati, am sityvis berZnuli etimologiis mixedviT, aris azri

an Sexeduleba (doxa), romelic unda Sesruldes. V saukunidan es sityva
qarTulad iTargmneba rogorc rjuli, mcneba an moZRvreba gamocxadeb-
iTi gzavnilis Sesaxeb. `dogmaturoba~ filosofiaSi im meqanizmis sax-
elia, romelic azrSi axSobs gansakuTrebulobebs, gamocxadebiTobebs.
rac metad an naklebad yvela kulturaSi gvxvdeba.
30
urad Camoyalibebuli SesaZleblobebi; 8) miznidan Sede-
gis gamoyvanis postulati, codnis postulati (swavlebis
daqvemdebareba dadgenili codnisadmi, kulturisadmi,
meTodisadmi. (deliozi 1968 : 240)
yoveli postulati, deliozis mixedviT, orsaxovania.
Tan nimuSTa TviTnebobaa, Tan arsis daSveba. postulatebi
ar saWiroeben deklarirebas, dumilSi ukeTesad moqmedeben
da mTlianobaSi ayalibeben dogmaturi azrovnebis komple-
qss.
dogmaturi azrovnebis kompleqsi Sinagan dasrule-
bas poulobs universalur pragmatizmSi. pragmatizmi fi-
losofiuri azris moqcevaa saRi azrisa da yoveldRiuro-
bis varaudTa farglebSi. zemoaRniSnuli rva postulatis
gamovleniT mxilebulia `diadi logikuri iluzia~: amoca-
naTa gamoTvliTi kombinatorikisadmi ndoba; ufro swored,
crurwmena, rom sazrisi mxolod saRi azris, navaraudevis
oreulia. SekiTxva yovelTvis kopirebulia savaraudo an
SesaZlo pasuxebidan. SekiTxva emyareba winaswarvarauds,
rom pasuxebi arseboben sxva cnobierebaSi. aseTi formis
kiTxvebia: romeli saaTia? rodis daibada cezari? deliozi
miuTiTebs, rom es Tvalsazrisi xedvis aredan uSvebs imas,
rac yvelaze mTavaria azrovnebaSi. esaa azris aqtis genez-
isi, anu azris dabadebis unaris gamoyeneba. gvaiZuleben da-
vijeroT, rom azrovnebs amocanebi mocemulia mza saxiT da
rom isini qrebian pasuxebSi, gadawyvetebSi. es infantilu-
ri crurwmenaa. misi socialuri wanamZRvari Cven gvtovebs
bavSvebad, arasrulwlovnad, zrdasrulobamde ar misul
arsebebad. `es saswavlo Jurnali aucileblobiT moiTxovs
maswavlebels~, romelic mudmivad iZleva amocanebs da maT
`amoxsnebs~, gadawyvetilebas qulebis reitingiT afasebs.
yoveldRiuri problemebisa da saRi azris varaudebi anu
bunebrivi iluziebis gadatana filosofiur fantomebSi,
niSnavs azris moqcevas igiveobaTa Zalauflebis qveS.
warmodgenis Zala msgavsebaTa saxeebiT axSobs ganmeo-

31
rebaTa Zalebs. esaa platonizmis arsi. platonis `anamne-
zis~ Teoriis mixedviT, mogonebaSi navaraudevis kopireba
axdens xelaxla Sobis, maradiuli dabrunebis Zalebis Cax-
Sobas. amgvarad ikveTeba Tanamedrove filosofiis amoca-
naa _ `azris dambadebeli~ azrovneba. ras warmoadgens ase-
Ti azrovneba da rogor unda ganviTardes is Tanamedrove
samyaroSi?
gansxvaveba da ganmeoreba nicSesa da kirkegoris on-
tologiebis msgavsi Temebia. ganmeorebis sayovelTao da
aucilebeli mudmivoba, riTac xasiaTdebian bunebrivi da
moraluri kanonebi, SesaZloa mxolod anarekli iyos `Sina-
gani ganmeorebis~ ufro Rrma da idumali vibraciebisa. ne-
tari avgustines da paskalis gaxsenebiT: `Tavi gacvlis or-
ganoa, xolo Seyvarebuli guli gameorebis organo~. `codna
Zalaa! (bekoni), romelic bunebis Zalebis gamoyenebis saSu-
alebas gvaZlevs, xolo `gulis ganmeorebebi~ saswaulebis
Zalaa.
gonebisaTvis ganmeoreba saSineli paradoqsia, romelic
cnebebiT unda Sekras. hegelisebur gagebaSi, cneba Tavisu-
fali, qmnadi substancia, subieqti da RvTaebaa; Tavis TavSi
mistiuri yovladZierebis Semcveli usasrulo, dauboloe-
beli daskvna, anu sinTezia, romlis arsebas qmnis dabruneba
da ganmeoreba. sinTezi moxsna//Senaxvis procesia. Tezisi
ixsneba antiTezisSi. Tezisica da antiTezisic orive, sin-
TezSi moxsnili saxiT kvlavaRsdgebian. winsvla amave dros
ukudabrunebaa sakuTari erTianobis safuZvelSi. cnebis
Sinagani sicocxle da RvTaebrioba, misi genezisi aris sa-
kuTar safuZvelSive ukudabrunebis msvleloba. cnebiswar-
momqmnel sinTezSi arsi da azri CaiZirebian da inaxebian
igiveobaSi~. erTianoba hegelisaTvis saboloo angariSSi
igiveobaa~. (wereTeli 1980 : 153 ).
deliozis ontologiaSi igiveobebis safuZvelia Senacv-
lebadoba erTi nivTisa meoreTi. misi socialuri eqvival-
entia barteruli gacvla. ganmeorebadoba axasiaTebs iseT

32
qcevebs, romlebic mizanSewonilia Seucvlelobis pirobeb-
Si. aseTia: Cuqeba da warTmeva. Tu gacvla zogadis kriteri-
umia, gameorebis kriteriumia: Cuqeba an warTmeva. iobis go-
debaSi ikveTeba maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis azri: RmerTma
maCuqa, wamarTva da kvlav damibruna is, rac Seucvlelia
da gaucvlelia. amazea damyarebuli abraamis mier isaakis
msxverplSewirva. abraamisaTvis isaaki yo RmerTis saCuqari
(madli), e.i. gansxvavebuli, eqstremi yovelgvari kanonis
(zogadi eqvivalenciis) gareSe; isaakis msxverplSewirvac
ar iyo barteruli gacvla, aramed xdomileba (misterium
trebendum, saSineli saidumlo) yovelgvari cnebiTi sinTez-
is gareSe, sadac klasifikacia xdeba igiveobrivi niSnebis
mixedviT. es iyo `diferensis~ zeimi da zeoba igiveobaTa
indiferentizmze.
deliozsa da eliades aaxloebT ara marto weris `in-
tuciuri manera~, aramed terminologiuri nomenklaturac
ki. eliade da deliozi Tanaavtorebi arasodes yofilan,
magram azrovnebis aTvlis wertils gamoTqvamdnen sityva
répétitione-Ti. (qarT. ganmeoreba, `ganmeorebadoba~). maTi on-
tologiebis kvals mivyevarT nicSemde, romelmac `maradi-
uli kvlavdabrunebis miTi filosofiaSi kvlav aqtualuri
gaxda~ Tanamedrove azrovnebaSi dabrunebuli cikluri
ganaxlebis ontologia migvaniSnebs, rom `maradiuli dab-
runebis codna mkacrad ezoTeruli codnaa~, aseTi codnis
qadagni `numinozuri figurebi~, qarizmatuli aRorZinebis
hierofantebi SeiZleba iyvnen.
delioz//eliades warmosaxviT `kontinuumSi~ adami-
anur situacias ganasaxierebs `sicocxlis xe~. eliadesTan
moniSnulia uwyveti ganaxlebis simbolizeba fesvRerovan
sicocxlis xeSi. mis binarul oreuls moniSnavs deliozis
`xe-rizoma~, uRero, naSali fesvebi. orive qaosmkveTi cno-
bierebis modelebia. maTSi Cans binaruli wyvilebis meSveo-
biT kavSiris damyarebis uelementarulesi, magram aucile-
beli maxasiaTeblebi. magiuri situaciis funqcia xom imaSia,

33
rom SeaerTos binaruli opoziciebi, Seiyvanos cocxali
aRTqmis kontiniumSi. `am mxriv arqaul da Tanamedrove az-
rovnebas Soris gansxvaveba ar arsebobs, erTic da meorec
Sedgeba erTnairi elementebisagan, gansxvavebuli Tanafar-
dobiT.~ (levi-strosi 201:27).
eliadem religiisa da miTis gasaRebi ipova `centralur
misteriaSi~, samyaros perioduli ganaxlebis ritualSi,
rac misi azriT, sawyisuri (orijin) drois sakraluri ambis
gameorebaa (répéticione), miTebi aRweven sakraluris (zebune-
brivis) ritualur SeWras samyaroSi; eliade amas uwodebs
hierifaniebs (saswaulCenebs), rac gansazRvravs da afuZ-
vnebs adamianur situacias samyaroSi. (eliade 2009 : 12)
deliozTan azrovneba qmnis konceptebsa da koncep-
tualur personaJebs, romlebic talRebis msgavsad aR-
mocendebian da inTqmebian ... da kvlabrundebian `imanen-
ciis qargaSi~. oRond, `ganmeoreba~ ar abrunebs igiveo-
bebsa da msgavsebebs. `kvlavdabruneba~ momdinareobs gan-
sxvavebulobaTa (différence) samyarodan; ganmeoreba iSorebs
yvelafer zedmets, rac araxalia. gansxvaveba//igiveobebis
Zveli dirotomiebis miRma, azrovneba Tavisufldeba saer-
Toobisa da mudmivobis hegemoniisagan; kauzalobis manki-
eri wrebrunvidan; Tanabrobisa da saSualoobis prozidan
gadadis gansxvavebulobaTa poeziisaken, uCveulobaTa
cxovelmyofeli saswaulCenebisaken. gansxvaveba//igiveo-
bebis Zveli pozitiuri sinTezebi icvleba rizomatulad
gafarToebadi uwyveti disfunqciuri sinTezebiT.
`iazrovno filosofiurad, yovelTvis niSnavs iaro
jadosnuri gziT~ ambobs deliozi. is saubrobs koncep-
tis `kurTxevaze~. amgvari kurTxeva xdeba `ganmeorebiT~.
yoveli ganmeoreba cvlis da anaxlebs gameorebuls, amiT
imijneba msgavsis ganurCevlobisa da igiveobaTa simuli-
rebisagan. am niRbis qveS moqmedebs gamonaklisis xdomileba
saswaulCenis saxiT.

34
 mirCa eliades mier Tematizebuli adamianis qceva
sakraluris mimarT vlindeba sxvadasxva planebSi da re-
estrebSi, zogjer farulad da mkrTalad, magram maTSi
mainc ikveTeba `miTosuri wanamZRvrebi~, hierofaniis (si-
wmindisCenis) modelebi. deliozis répétitione da eliades
`iniciacia~ erTmaneTs uaxlovdeba. `yvelaferi brundeba,
imitom, rom araferia Tanabari. yvelaferi curavs sakuTar
gansxvavebaSi, Tavis TavTanac ki daumTxvevlobasa da
uTanabrobaSi~. ar brundeba is, rac ganurCevlobaSi dain-
Tqmeba. (deliozi 1991: 295)
eliades `araTanadrouli fiqriT~, adamianuri situa-
ciis ganaxleba momavalSi daukavSirdeba ciklurobis dro-
Si anu `ganmeorebebis kulturaSi~ istoriuli drois re-
integraciis mcdelobas. es imaze iqneba damokidebuli Tu
ramdenad SesZlebs adamiani kvlavdabrunebis arqaul on-
tologiaSi `CarTos SemoqmedebiTi spontanoba, sakuTari
Tavis Seqmnis Tavisufleba~

$ 4. konceptebi da konceptualuri personaJebi

„imsaxurebs Tu ara filosofosis saxels is,
visac Tavis sicocxleSi arc erTi koncepti
ar Seuqmnia?~
J. deliozi, f. gatari

filosofia koceptTa qmnadobasTan aris gaigivebuli

J.deliozisa da f. gataris mier Seqmnil gavlenian fi-
losofiur teqstSi `ra aris filosofia?~ (1991). termi-
nologiuri novaciebiTa da Taviseburi sazrisuli veliT
Sekrul am nawarmoebSi, azrovneba miiswrafvis ukve arsebu-
li cnebebis xelaxali kodirebisaken, an iseTi enobrivi ka-
vSirebisaken, romlebic manamde ar arsebobdnen. Secvlilia
sityva Concent-is tradiciuli gageba. avtorTa gamonago-
35
nia teqstis kidev ori mTavari cneba: Le plam d’imanence da
`konceptualuri personaJi~. leqsikonuri mniSvneloba maT
ar gaaCniaT. konceptebi saWiroeben konceptualur person-
aJebs, raTa `imanentobis sibrtyeSi~ daarsdnen, dasaxldnen
da imoZraon (deliozi 1991 : 39).
teqstis wiaRSi Concept-i Tavis Tavs warmogvidgens cne-
basTan (concevoir, concepcion), rogorc ara-filosofiasTan
(non-philosophie) Tavis gansxvavebulobaSi. mecnieruli cne-
bebi, da mxatvruli perceptebi arakonceptebia.~cnebisa~ da
`konceptis~ urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxSi sruli gaugebro-
ba sufevs logikaSi. logikosebs cneba da koncepti erT-
maneTSi erevaT. koncepti filosofiuri cnebaa. sakuTrivi
azriT koncepts, mxolod filosofosi qmnis. es filoso-
fiis eqskluziuri uflebamosilebaa. arseboben specifi-
kurad filosofiuri problemebi, kiTxvebi, romelbsac
pasuxi unda gaeceT konceptebis SeqmniT. araviTari sxva
gza ar arsebobs. es `gza~ mxolod filosofosma SeiZleba
Seqmnas. amitom aris `gzis~ metafora Zalze gavrcelebuli
am sferoSi. koceptebi arsad arseboben mza saxiT. isini
unda Seiqmnan. filosofiis sagania sul axali da axali kon-
ceptebis Seqmna.
vcadoT garkveva im gansxvavebaSi, rac cnebasa da kon-
cepts Soris vlindeba. logikuri cneba raimes hoyofisa an
uaryofis formiT gamoTqmul azrs warmoadgens. is pro-
pozicionaluri da linealuri bunebisaa. koncepti aravi-
Tar SemTxvevaSi ar aris propozicionaluri, araviTar dis-
kursiul kompleqss ar aRwers, misi obieqti ar aris saganTa
mdgomareobebi. koncepti, rogorc moqmedi, `qmnili arseba~
yovelTvis pozicionaluria (posicion), misi sagani miwyiv kv-
lavdabrunebadi xdomilebania, romelTac ar gaaCniaT sxva
wyaro, garda erTaderTobis Ria sivrceSi momxdari `on-
tologiuri natyorcnebisa~, saidanac warmomavloben `ar-
acnebiTi ganasxvavebebis~ samyaroebi.

36
 konceptis `saarso~ imanentoba, sruliad sxvagvaria,
vidre amas warmogvidgenen cnebis, kategoriebis aristo-
teluri, an hegelinuri stereotipebi. koncepti agreTve
gansxvavdeba azrovnebis aRmosavluri sistemebisagan. kon-
fucinuri `dao~ an iaponuri `Zeni~ miuxedavad konceptebTan
siaxlovisa, ar SeiZleba konceptebad CaiTvalon. bibliaSi
sityva `filosofiis~ sinonimia `elinTa sibrZne~. koncept-
Ta qmnadloba azrovnebis berZnuli wesis maxasiaTebelia.
SesaZloa Tu ara Cinuri, induri an Tundac qristianuli
filosofia? amisaTvis maT `sakuTari~ konceptebi unda Se-
qmnan. magram azrovnebis sxva (`arafilosofiuri~) siste-
mebi Semoqmedebas konceptebis meSveobiT ar awarmoeben.
amitom aRmosavleTis brZeni, poeti, an evropeli mecnieri
filosofiis figurantebi ver iqnebian, vidre filosfiis
konceptebad da personaJebad ar gardaiqmnebian. arseboben
azrovnebis sxva wesebi, `ideaciis sxva modusebi~, romelTa
gza konceptTa Seqmnaze ar gadis. filosofiis konceptebi,
mxatvruli preceptebi da logikuri cnebebi ar arian erTi-
daigive proeqtis sxvadasxva doneebi.
`elinTa wesiT~ azrovneba (sityva `filosofiis~ eti-
mologiis mixedviT) niSnavs azris `megobar koncepts~ da
amgvari, cocxal arsebaTa msgavsi `azr-Zalebis~ gadaqcevas
sakuTari fiqrTa nakadis Tanamdev, Tanaars Zalad (`plato-
nis megobari var, _ ufro ki WeSmaritebis megobari var.~).
megobroba arc flobaa da arc marto swrafva sasurveli-
saken. berZnul polisSi yvelaferi Tavisufali metoqeobis
da maSasadame kamaTis, eWvis sagania. aseTia berZnuli poli-
si aris konceptebis winarefilosofiuri qarga. amitom arc
erTi koncepti ar SeiZleba iqces tiranad: `qargas~ uCndeba
napralebi, saidanac masSi iWreba qaosis nislovaneba. aqedan
warmoiSobian azris `qaoidebi~. filosofiuri azri yov-
elTvis safrTxis qveSaa gza aebas am nislovanebaSi.
gansxvavebebze amdeni aqcentis Semdeg deliozi da ga-
tari gvTavazoben gansazRvrebas: `aseTia konceptis statu-

37
si _ wminda xdomileba anu virtualuris realoba~ (deli-
ozi 1991 : 101).
konceptebsa da azrovnebis sxva formebs Soris arse-
boben urTierTgadasvlis (interferencia) gzebi. yvelaze
mniSvnelovania `interferencia, romelic ar eqvemdebareba
lokalizacias~. frangi filosofosebi (cxadia imis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rom azrovnebs adamiani da ara tvini) azrovnebis
am mxares ukavSireben tvinSi mimdinare process, romlis
funqciaa `molivlive moxilva mTeli velisa mTlianobaSi
(deliozi, gatari 1991 : 144). es ukve tvinis konceptia da
ara biologiuri tvini. azrma tvinis Sesaxeb SeiZina konc-
petis statusi.
ra aris koncepti (consent)? ukve naTqvamidanac Zneli
misaxvedri ar aris, rom is arc logikur-diskursuli cne-
baa da arc mxatvruli saxe.
koncepti aris usasrulobaze fiqris filosofiuri
forma. Cveni gancdebis nakadis usasrulobidan Cenili
azri. TiToeul koncepts aqvs Sinagani Sifri da am Sifridan
„gamosxivebuli~ konturebi, rac usasrulobis konturebia;
oRond usasrulobis mTeli Sinaarsis momcveli univer-
saluri cneba//azri ki ar aris, aramed fragmentul silu-
etSi gamoCenili mTelia. konceptebis gareSe cnobiereba
usasrulobis ganuWvretel da ganurCevel nislovanebaSi
STainTqmeboda; adamianis perceptuli veli gamosaxulebis
gareSe darCeboda, risi safrTxec mudmivad Tan axlavs
cnobierebis sicocxles, rogorc garedan, ise fsiqikuri
cxovrebis Sinagani faqtorebis mxridanac.
koncepti SesaZlo samyaroa, romelsac metyveleba ani-
Webs realobas. filosofiuri koncepti CarTulia sxva kon-
ceptebTan rTuli urTierTkavSiris qselSi; arsebobs Tu
ara pirveladi koncepti, riTac daiwyo filosofia? ar ar-
sebobs. koncepti mxolod platonur `lxinSi~ simpoziumSi
arsebobs. cdis velze, uecrad vawydebiT viRacis gakvirve-
bul gamometyvelebas, romelic am velis miRma sxva SesaZlo
samyaroebis saxis eqvivalentia. SesaZlo samyaroebs grZeli
38
istoria aqvT; yoveli koncepti gulisxmobs axali wakiTx-
visa da Sesabamisad axali Strixebis SeZenis SesaZleblobas.
konceptTa platonuri drama axal kontiniumSi gadaaTamaSa
nicSem.
filosofiuri koncepti gansxvavdeba mecnierul-logi-
kuri cnebisagan. mecniereba uars ambobs usasrulobaze da
damkvirveblis nawilobrivi koordnatebis aRweriT ifar-
gleba. amiT aixsneba mecnierebis „eqstensiuri sistemebis
diskursiuloba.~ misgan gansxvavebiT koceptebs axasiaTebs
„intensiuri arakoordinatuli ordiantebi~.
„konceptebi~ moZraoben azris siswrafiT. xolo „azris
siswrafiT~ moZraobas sWirdeba Sesabamisi veli, aseTi ve-
lia „imanenciis sibrtye~. konceptis „wyoba~ ar aris tvinis
funqcia. gansxvaveba tvinis funqciasa da sakuTriv azris
cxovrebas Soris Zalian didia. „imanenciis sibrtye~ aris
kalapoti, romelSic xdeba usasrulobis moZraoba. mas ar
gaaCnia drouli da sivcruli koordinatebi, romelSic
fiqsirebulia moZravi elementis mdgomareobaTa Tanmim-
devroba, ar gaaCnia aTvlis parametrebi da wertilebi,
romlebTan mimarTebaSic es mdgomareobani icvlebian.
„azrebSi orientireba~ ar gulisxmobs aTvlis obieq-
tur sistemas, arc moZrav elementebs, arc gancdis obi-
eqts, arc gancdis subieqts. yvelaferi walekili aqvs moZ-
raobas fiqris siwrafiT, adgili ar rCeba subieqtisaTvis
da obieqtisaTvis. moZraobs TviTon horizontic, _ „imanen-
ciis sibrtye~.
konceptebs ori mxare aqvT: intensiuri ordinatebi da
maTi imanenciis qargebi~, diagramuli Strixebi. koncepti
sakuTriv filosofiuria, xolo `qarga~ prefilosofiuri.
filosofia konceptTa SeqmniT iwyeba.
berZnebTan Plan aris „kosmosi~, rogorc qaosis Wra,
wyveta, logos-is meSveobiT. qaosi emuqreba azrsac da arssac.
qaoss rogorc fizikuri iseve, azrobrivi arseboba aqvs.
filosofiam konsistencia unda mianiWos qaoss, ise, rom ar
dakargos usasruloba. xolo mecniereba referenciebs ani-
39
Webs qaoss, ise, rom kargavs usasrulobas. amaSia arsebiTi
gansxvaveba.
konceptis saqmea moniSnos usasrulo anu fiqris sis-
wrafiT moZraobaTa intensiuri ordinatebi. moZraobani
TavisTavad sasrulni arian, oRond usasrulo siswrafiT
moniSnaven „imanenciis sibrtyeSi~ cvlad konturebs.
konceptisa da „imanenciis sibrtyis~ urTierTobaSi
avtorebs SemohyavT „mesame piri~ _ konceptualuri per-
sonaJi, romelic konceptis kristalizaciis Sedegia. `per-
sonaJi~ yvela filosofiur teqstSi nagulisxmevi figuraa,
Tumca konceptebi yovelTvis ver axdenen kristalizacias
Sesabamis personaJSi. isini moZraoben, ganicdian mutaciebs
sxvadasxva „imanenciis gegmaSi~, ase iqmneba maTi nairsaxe-
obani. „konceptualuri personaJi, rogorc aseTi, SeiZleba
sakmaod iSviaTad mogvevlinos, an SeiZleba mxolod miniS-
nebiT gamoiCinos Tavi~ (deliozi, gatari 1991 : 60).
nicSem moSala filosofiis kulisebi da konceptua-
luri personaJi aRar aris nagulisxmevi, is avanscenazea.
„personaJis~ gaSiSvlebam Sokuri efeqti gamoiwvia evro-
pul konceptTa samyaroSi. bevri mkiTxvelisaTvis nicSe
tradiciuli azriT filosofosi arc aris, aramed poeti,
winaswarmetyveli da miTismTxzveli. nicSem dionise da za-
ratustra aiZula filosofosebi gamxdariyvnen. TiTqos
nicSem uaryo konceptebi da mTlianad personaJebad aq-
cia isini. ara! TviTon Seqmna grandiozuli konceptebi:
sicocxle, Rirebuleba, neba Zalauflebisadmi, da Seqmna
maTi imanenciis gegma: kvlavbuneba marad igiveSi. anu Za-
lauflebis nebis maradiuli moZraoba. WeSmaritebis neba
gadaizarda Zalauflebis nebaSi.
konceptualuri personaJebi ar arian arc mxatvruli
saxeebi, arc miTosuri gmirebi da arc mecnieruli cnebebi.
mxatvruli saxe moZraobs kompozisiis gegmaSi, xolo kon-
ceptualuri personaJi „imanenciis gemaSi~. erTi da igive
„parsonaJi~ SeiZleba gadayvanili, „gadarTuli~ iqnes kom-
poziciis gegmidan imanenciis gegmaSi magaliTad zasatus-
tra, don Juani da sxva.
40
 konceptualuri personaJi azris iersaxea, misi kon-
turebi mWidrod erwymian azris diagramul Strixebs da
konceptis intensiur monaxazebs. es azrovnebaze moazre
azrebi, azris Canasaxebi, azris kristalebia; avtorebi maT
mfarvel angelozebs uwodeben. es „angelozebi~ ar arian
empiriuli, fsiqologiuri, sociologiuri an logikuri
determinantebi. es Sinagani demonia, romelic azrs aiZu-
lebs iazrovnos filosofiurad.
koceptebi arian monstrebi, romelTac ZaluZT fola-
dis robotebis msgavsad kvlav aRsdgnen sakuTari namus-
revebidan.konceptualuri personaJebi mutaciebis proces-
Si imyofebian dResac. Zveli energomwarmoeblebi (siste-
mebi) adgils uTmoben sxvebs, romlebic gadaerTvebian ukve
moqmed energetikul arxebSi. es mutacia mxolod fsiqo-
socialuri xasiaTis ar aris. azrebic iZenen axal Strixebs.
deliozi da gatari hermenevtikisaTvis mniSvnelovan
gancxadbas akeTeben: Cven uars vambobT sportuli tipis
energetikul Rirebulebebze, mivisrwafviT wminda din-
amikuri ganviTarebisaken, rac gamoixateba konceptualur
personaJSi (deliozi 1998 : 71).
deliozisa da gataris traqtatis mixedviT, romlis
zogierTi aspeqtis `Senelebul~ gadmocemasac vcdilobT,
filosofia Sedgeba sami elementisagan: a) azris filoso-
fiuri qarga, romelic unda moiniSnos (imanencia), b) kon-
ceptebi, romelic unda Seiqmnas (konsistencia), g) person-
aJebi, romlebic unda gamogonoli iqnen (ensistencia) (de-
liozi 1998 : 74).
diagramuli moniSvna, konceptebis Seqmna da moqmedi
figuris gamogoneba erTianobaSi warmoadgens filoso-
fias. konceptTa Semoqmedeba iSleba imanenciis qargaSi.
arseboben konceptTa saxeobebi, romlebic moZraoben erTi
da igive kalapotSi. zogjer Zneli gasarCevia axali kon-
ceptebia Zvel kalapotSi, Tu axal kapalotSia Zveli kon-
ceptebi. Zneli gasarCevia vinaa mkvidri, vin xizani da vin
ucxoeli. momavlis sarkeSi ucnaurad icvlebian maTi an-
areklebi.
41
 ramednadac filosofia azrovnebaze azrovnebaa, misi
Tema yovelTvis iyo `azris siswrafiT moZraoba~ anu az-
rTa usasrulo qrolvisadmi moqceva, SeWra `heraklitese-
br mdinarebaSi~, sadac `orjer ver Sexval~ da azris sax-
iTSemosva. galaqtionis taepi rom moviSvelioT `qrilviT
iwvevs cisfer landebs da xeebSi aqsovs~ ... azrovneba azrs
`iwvevs~ da konceptebSi `aqsovs~. azris usasrulo qrol-
va//sicocxle da xaniereba (La dure) xdeba wminda filoso-
fiuri xdomileba, romelic aResruleba `imanenturobis
planSi~, saarsoSi, sadac konceptebi unda daarsdnen da
imoZraon `azris siswrafviT~, analogiurad imisa, rogorc
udabnoSi saxldebian da mi-mo-iqcevian momTabare nomadebi.
xdomilebaTa am horizontSi konceptebi da maTi mfarveli
angelozebi _ konceptualuri personaJebi _ damoukidebe-
li xdebian saganTa (Le chose) xiluli kondicisagan.

$ 5. zekacis variaciebi
`RmerTebma gadawyvites icxovron azrebSi~

g.v.f. hegeli

hermenevtikis energetikuli frTa `hermenevtikis uni-

versaluri proeqtis~ farglebSi amuSavebs zekacis konce-
fcias. am zekacis variaciebia sicocxlis filosofosTa
traqtatebSi aRwerili `humanoidi~, post-modernistebis
`didi kombinatori~, agreTve orfikuli hermenevtikis _
`taZris kaci~, `miTis kaci~, `enis qadagi~ da sxva.
huserlis `transcendentaluri fenomenologia~, ro-
melic `evropul mecnierebaTa krizisisa~ da `radikaluri
eqsistencialuri krizisis~ daZlevas isaxavda miznad, faq-
tiurad `zekacad~ gaxdomis meTodologias amuSavebda. `hu-

42
serlma _ werda z. kakabaZe _ aRiara `evropuli kacobrio-
bis~ radikalur-kritikuli situaciis faqti da ramdenadac
`evropulis~ cnebaSi igi sazogadod adamianuris garkveul
nimuSsa da umaRles dones gulisxmobda, amdenad Taname-
drove evropis krizisze msjelobisas mas mTeli Taname-
drove kacobriobis krizisi hqonda mxedvelobaSi~ (kakabaZe
1997 :89). marTalia igi Tavis mowafeebs ase moZRvravda:
`aq didi samuSao velia. me mxolod meTodi aRmovaCine da
pirvelad gamoviyene.
axla yvelas, Tqvenc SegiZliaT im uzarmazar velSi
Tqveni aRmoCenebi gaakeToT... Cemi mowafeebi imisTana rames
dainaxaven, romelsac me ver vxedavdi da metyvian, ase ki ar
aris, aramed iseao~ (baqraZe 127: 10).
fenomenologoba erTob `skoluri~ da elitaruli
saqmianoba SeiZleba yofiliyo. TviT huserli, magaliTad,
kote baqraZes urCevda `mTeli weli mxolod Cemi wigni
ikiTxeo~. iaspersisadmi miweril pirad werilSi haidegeri
ironiulad SeniSnavda: huserli ise iqceva, rogor germani-
is didi Samani. Samanaizmisa da fenomenologiis Sedareba
mxolod xumroba ar unda iyos.
huserli Tavs `Tanmimdevrul bergsonianelad~ Tvlida.
bergsonis swavlebiT, intuicia, rogorc Taviseburi Semec-
nebiTi Zala, mxolod axali drois elitis kuTvnileba ar
unda yofiliyo.
`transcendentaluri fenomenologia~ SeiZleba qceu-
liyo sulis mxsnel industriad. `transcendentalur medi-
tacias~ dRes mravali milioni adamiani misdevs.
gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom garkveuli TvalsazrisiT
meditaciaa locvac, rogoric ar unda iyos igi. medita-
ciaa programistis cxovrebis is monakveTi, roca moaxdens
azris koncentracias da CauRrmavdeba romelime kombina-
cias. moZraobiTi meditaciaa fizkulturuli varjiSic,
romelic gulisxmobs erTi da imave moZraobis ganuwyve-

43
tel xvewas. agreTve meditaciaa narkomaniac. gamodis, rom
codnis am araklasikuri idealebiT cxovrobs Cveni drois
praqtikulad yvela adamiani.
energetikuli hermenevtikis erT-erTi arsebiTi sferoa
TamaSis hermenevtika. misi idealia `didi kombinatori~.
misi klasikuri winamorbedia Sileris `werilebi esTetikur
aRzrdaze~, romelSic TamaSis meoxebiT kacobriobis so-
cialur-eTikuri reformis proeqtia moxazuli. am movle-
nas dRes `operacionalizmi~ da `TamaSis agresia~ ewodeba.
ukvdavebis perspeqtivis ararseboba aiZulebs zekacs
xelovnurad gaibevros (gaifarTovos) namceca sasicocx-
lo dro. kamium amas uwoda `qvantitetis eTika~, xolo
bartma raodenobis gaTvisobrioba. Tanamedrove adamianSi
aris Wadrakis figurebis msgavsi uamravi `me~, romlebiTac
cxovrebis speqtakls TamaSobs mudmivad ganaxlebadi da
daZabuli situaciebiT. `adamianebma odiTganve iswavles,
rom siamovnebis momtani situaciebi SeiZleba maTi gamom-
wvevi gamRizianeblebis eSmakuri kombinirebiT kidev ufro
gaaZliero, xolo misi mudmivi SenacvlebiT isini miCvevisa
da daClungebisagan daicva~. (lorenci 1992 : 62)
`didi kombinatoris~ novacionalizmi da neofilia,
siaxlisadmi maniakaluri ltolva, Sejibri, gadarbeniTi
ritmi da zesiCqaris socio-biologiuri pulsaciebi, part-
nioris xSiri cvla gamoxatulebaa adamianis moZvelebisa,
rogorc gavleniani `metafilosofosi~ oSo ambobs: yovel
wels gamodis axal-axali modelebi, mxolod adamiani rCeba
erTaderT moZvelebul modelad (oSo 1994 : 44).
`didi kombinatorebi~ iseve rogorc miTologiuri sa-
myaros binadarni wriuli, ufro swored sferul meta-dro-
Si imyofebian. Sou-industriasa da sanaxaobriv ritualSi
zekaci yoveldRiuri droidan gadayvanilia miTiur droSi.
energetikuli hermenevtikis arsebiTi sferoa `mi-
Tosuri hermenevtika~, es aris Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi
umTavresi tendencia da `socialuri dakveTa~ filosofi-
isadmi.

44
 r.Staineris anTroposofia kulturis yvela tradici-
ul sferos SezRudulad acxadebda da axali `universal-
uri sulieri mecnierebis~ pretenziiT gamodioda, riTac
momavali magiuri epoqis adamians SeeZleboda zemecnier-
uli, zemxatvruli, zefilosofiuri da zereligiuri ko-
munikaciebi `aramiwier gonier arsebebTan~, `kacobriobis
ufros maswavleblebTan~.
nicSes aqvs gamonaTqvami `qristeze ufro Wkviani~.
Staineri Tavis `idumalswavlebas~ uwodebda qristianobaze
ufro universalurs. `qristeze ufro Wkviani~ da `ufro
universaluri~ zekacis ideali Taviseburad gamovlinda
politikuri misteriosofiaSi.
Tanamedrove adamiani Sepyrobilia sxva samyaroebSi
eqstatiuri mogzaurobis dauZleveli moTxovnilebiT. mag-
iuri frenis miTologia da rituali, romelic xelewifebaT
Samanebsa da jadoqrebs, amkvidreben maT transcendentobas
adamianuri modgmis mimarT, `caSi~ freniT Samanebi xazs us-
vamen adamianis bunebis dacemas. maTSi, rogorc zekacebSi
ixsneba winadro, roca yovel adamians SeeZlo frena. adami-
anis bunebis daqveiTeba xels uSlis, adamianTa umetesobas
gafrindes caSi~ (eliade 2001 : 110).
Samanis teqnika _ rogorc mirCe eliade wers _ up-
irveles yovlisa mdgomareobs erTi kosmiuri zonidan meo-
re kosmiur zonisken gadasvlaSi. esaa Samanis magiuri Za-
lauflebis wyaro. meditaciuri teqnologiiT Samani Tavis
sulis uZiro ufskrulSi moipovebs magiur energiebs. am
energiebs ukavSireben `cecxlis mompoveblebs~, `cecxlis
mflobelebs~, `cecxli~, `wva~, `siTbo~ _ siTburi energia.
`uniWoba udidesi codvaa~ _ ambobda nikoloz berdi-
aevi. is pirvel rigSi SemecnebiT niWs gulisxmobda da Sesa-
bamis gonT reformaze ocnebobda. amgvari reformaciis sa-
gania e.w. `saSualo qristiani~ da `istoriuli oficialuri
qristianuli eklesia~, maTi Secvla ganaxlebuli `qariz-
matuli qristianobiT~ anu mesame aRqmis neoqristianobiT.

45
 mesame aRqmis neoqristianebi faqtiurad nicSes zeka-
cis da `antiqristeanis~ qristianul wakiTxvasa da inter-
pretacias awarmoebdnen. maT scades ori qarizmis, wnimda
filosofiuri qarizmisa da wminda eklesiuri qarizmis
gaerTianeba, ris Sedegadac, maTi varaudiT, moxdeboda ka-
cobriobaSi suliwmindis uSualo gardamosvla da mTeli
msoflio Sevidoda RmerTkacobriul fazaSi, `taZrul yofi-
erebaSi~; `saSualo qristianis~ tipi Seicvleboda `religi-
uri virtuozis~ tipiT; mRvdlobis qarizma TviT adamia-
nis arss gardaqmnida, yvela adamiani `arsebiTad~ iqneboda
mRvdeli.
hermenevtikis universaluri proeqtebis sapirispiro
mimarTulebad gvevlineba enis hermenevtika. yvelafridan
Cans, rom aq ukve erTob seriozulad ekidebian im xifaTs, rac
SeiZleba superanTropologiis `universalur proeqtebsa~
da `sulier eqsperimentebs~ mohyves. esaa Semobrunebis
punqti, romelic eqsistencialur meTods Sinaarseulad
ganasxvavebs yvela saxeobis hermenevtikuli teqnikisagan.
es aris dasasrulis da dasawyisis saerTo parametrSi xe-
dva. aq meToduri formulaa: `Tu gsurs sicocxle, emzade
sikvdilisaTvis~, raTa miRweul iqnes sicocxlis WeSmariti
fasis mZafrad gageba. sikvdili (esqatologiuri elementis
saxiT) unda aRiqmebodes maqsimaluri eqstremizmiT.
sruliad ueWvelia, adamianis dasasruli filosofiis
dasasrulicaa. filosofia wminda adamianuri movlenaa: ada-
mianamde jer ar sWirdebaT, xolo angelozur arsebebsa da
wmindanebs ukve aRar sWirdebaT. gamodis rom filosofia
aris adamianis evoluciis erT-erTi safexuri. SesaZloa,
Tu ara arsebobdes qristianuli filosofia? marTalia Tu
ara nicSe roca ambobs: `filosofosebi yovelTvis iyvnen
dekadentebi, yovelTvis nihilistur religiaTa samsaxurSi
idgnen~ (nicSe 1990 : 237).
bevri moazrovne sinanuls gamoTqvams imis gamo, rom

46
Tanamedrove anTropologia ugulebelyofs qristianuli
anTropologiis memkvidreobas. maqs Seleri fiqrobs, rom
yvelaze didi barieri, risi gadalaxvis gareSe SeuZlebe-
lia anTropologiis Senoba aigos, aris sami avtonomiuri
disciplinis _ qristianuli, filosofiuri da mecnieruli
anTropologebis mier erTmaneTis monacemTa da monapovar-
Ta ugulebelyofa (Seleri 1994 : 134-135).
XX saukuneSi gamococxlda qTeologiuri hermenevtika,
romelic qristologias emijneba da mxedvelobaSi aqvs ara
mxolod dRevandeli dacemuli adamiani, aramed momavali
adamiani, romelmac unda aRidginos RvTis xati da RvTis ms-
gavseba moipovos. yuradRebas imsaxurebs amgvari kvlevebis
filosofiuri perspeqtivebi. neopatristikuli da aRmsare-
bluri RvTismetyvelebis erT-erTi aRmdgeneli vladimir
loski, kategoriulad uaryofs `nayofieri dialogis~ Ses-
aZleblobas. misi azriT, raki qristianoba sxva araferia,
Tu ara aRmsarebloba (konfesia), maSasadame ufleba gvaqvs
vilaparakoT mxolod ama Tu im qristianuli aRmsareblobis
egzegetikaze. marTlmadideblobas ar gaaCnia kanonikuri
filosofiuri sistema. ar arsebobs `ufro metad~ an `ufro
naklebad~ qristianuli filosofia. platoni ufro qris-
tiani rodia, vidre aristotele. qristianoba ar aris fi-
losofiuri skola. (loski 1991: 9) loskis es `citati~, xom
ar unda wavikiTxoT Tamedroveobis meore didi Teologis
ditrix bonhoferis (1906-1944ww.) `citatiT~ `ureligio
qristianobis~ Sesaxeb, romelmac unda gadaarCinos `rwmenis
aramiTologiuri birTvi.~ xom ar aris es ori citati er-
Tidaigive polifoniuri nawarmoebis pirveli da meore xma.
Tanamedrove adamianma iswavla bunebis damorCileba.
misi nebis moqmedebis are, misi Zalaufleba kosmiur masS-
tabemade gafarTovda, amitom mas aRar sWirdeba yvelafri-
saTvis TxovniT mimarTos RmerTs, iseve rogorc zrdas-
rul adamians aRar sWirdeba, rom mamam arCinos; magram

47
igive adamiani sul ufro kargavs progresis imeds da ai
aq Tavisufldeba qristianobis dabrunebis adgili seku-
larul megapolisSi; postsekularuli azrovneba imeds mi-
jnavs utopiisagan da simulakrumisagan.
kerigmatuli hermenevtikas (Kerygma-gzavnili) `rwmenis
birTvi~, TiTqos arsebobs evangelia evangeliaSi. rikiori
wers: `me meCveneba, rom bultmani upirispirdeba dilTais~,
dilTais amocana iyo `diadi teqstebis~ energiis mflobeli
gaexada adamiani, xolo bultmani cdilobda maT msmenelad
da qadagad eqcia adamiani. hermenevtikam unda upasuxos
kiTxvas, romelsac moZraobaSi mohyavs mTeli religiis fi-
losofia: risi imedi SeiZleba mqondes?6
wm. teqstis prizmaSi unda gaiSifros sicocxle.
amgvari gaSifvris nimuSebs gvawvdis religiuri filoso-
fosi evgeni trubeckoi werda: `dasasruli axloa!~ _ es
imas niSnavs, rom evoluciis procesi midis mxeckacidan
RmerTkacisaken. samyaros dasasruli pozitiurad unda
iqnes gagebuli. ara pasiuri molodini, aramed RvTisadmi
qmediTi siyvaruliT unda momwifdes kacobrioba dasasru-
lisaTvis. samyaros dasasrulis siaxlove unda JRerdes
rogorc mowodeba arsebiTi Zalisxmevisadmi; esaa mobi-
lizeba pirovnebis siRrmiseuli fenebisa, sakuTari Tavis
povna; gaTavisufleba yovelgvari pirobiTobisagan, amao-
qmedebisa da meorexarisxovanisagan. es niSnavs cxovreba
sruli svliT miedinebodes dasaxuli miznisaken (tru-
beckoi 1974 : 68).
pol rikioris dakvirvebiT, TanamedroveobisaTvis
hermenevtikas aqvs iseTi sazrisi, rogoric mas ar hqonia
arc berZnuli, arc romauli eklesiis mamebisaTvis, arc
Sua saukuneebisaTvis, arc TviT reformaciisaTvis. Taname-
drove azriT hermenevtika sxva araferia, Tu ara moce-

6 kaTolikuri Teologiis hermenevtikuli gaazrebis principebis

Sesaxeb ix. v.vardiZe, “RvTis sityva, dogma, Tavisufleba” (208).
48
muli hermenevtikuli situaciis gaxsna. saqme imaSia, rom
es situacia Seiqmna TviT kacobriobis dasabamSive, oRond
garkveul dromde, `metadrome” is dafaruli iyo (rikiori
1995: 513). am momwifebuli amocanis amoxsnaSi cxadia pri-
oriteti ekuTvnis e.w. hermenevtikul teqstebs, magram Ta-
visi roli SeiZleba Seasrulon situaciis SigniT moZravma
azrovnebis fugurebmac.

49
 Tavi II . humanoidi.
sicocxlis hermenevtika
`Cven Tavs vgrZnobT rogorc usazRvro Sesa-
Zleblobebis mflobelni~
vilhelm dilTai

`aragonivruli iqneboda gvefiqra, rom Suqi,

romliTac xdeba Cveni Sinagani samyaros ga-
naTebani, iseve gamomuSavdeba adamianis mier,
rogorc deni elsadguris mier~.

gabriel marseli

$ 6. kartezianuli intuicia
`Wvreta aris nerviuli gresis sxiviseburi
energia~
konstantine kapaneli

`intuicia~ iTvleba `zeinteleqtis~ energiad, romlis

meoxebiTac SegiZlia gaxde zekaci. zekaci iseTi kacyofilia,
vinc Tavi gaiTavisufla msoflmxedvelobriv-filosofiuri
horizontis SezRudulobisagan da gagebis Zalis meoxebiT
`usazRvro SesaZleblobebis mflobeli~ (dilTai) gaxda,
mzeriT ganaxorciela `naxtomi aucileblobis samefodan
Tavisuflebis samefoSi~. CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria
kardinaluri Tezisi: intuicia (Wvreta) aris gansakuTreb-
uli saxeobis energia, analogiuri atomuri energiebisa.
rogorc Spengleri ambobda: `kulturis istoria savsebiT
analogiuria cocxali adamianis, cxovelis, xis an yvavilis
istoriisa~ (Spengleri 1993:65). intuicia, rogorc arsTm-
Wvreteloba edmund huserlma ase ganmarta: `iseve rogorc

50
cdiseuli (individualuri) mWvretelobisaTvis mocemu-
lia individualuri sagani, aseve arsTmWvretelobisaTvis
mocemulia eidosi. aq adgili aqvs ara mxolod garegnul
analogias, aramed radikalur damTxvevas. arsTaWvretac
mWvretelobaa, iseve rogorc eideturi saganic sagania~
(huserli 1913: 118).

***
rogor miviRoT saimedo, sarwmuno codna? am kiTxvis
radikalizirebiT iwyeba modern-epoqa `axali dro~. dek-
artma Semoitana `meTodologiuri skepsisi~, romelsac
codnis TeoriaSi dResac `kartezianul skefsiss~ uwode-
ben. `pirveladi refleqsia _ ambobda dekarti _ aris eWvi~.
yovlismomcveli da yovelmxrivi eWvi inteleqtualuri da-
monebisagan gagvaTavisuflebs. yvelaferi eWvis qveS unda
dadges, raTa dafuZndes sarwmuno anu ueWveli codna.
`nuTu araferi aRmoCndeba ueWveli?~.
ueWvelia Tu ara Cveni sxeulebrivi arseboba? `me vzi-
var buxarTan~ _ ueWvelia es debuleba? ar aris ueWveli.
sizmarsa da realobas kriteriumebi ara aqvs. verc maTema-
tikuri debuleba gvaZlevs ueWvelobis garantias, Tu da-
vuSvebT, rom yalbadaa agebuli azrovnebis Cveneuli wesi.
amgvar daSvebaSi alogikuri araferia. adamianis gonebis
ZalaSi daeWveba aris filosofiis sawyisi. arc goneba
da arc grZnobis organoebi ueWvel-sarwmuno codnas ar
iZlevian. skefsisi gasaqans aZlevs relativizms... swored
aq, ukidures punqtSi aRmoaCina dekartem codnis ueWveli
sayrdeni da `Semecnebis arqimedis wertili~. yvelaferSi
daeWvebis gziT man moipova `yvelaze ueWveli debuleba~.
`vazrovneb, maSasadame me varsebob~, es aris uSualod cxa-
di ueWveloba, Tavisi Tavis TviTdamfuZnebeli debuleba.
TviTcnobierebis ueWvelobis am amosavalSi azri da arsi
gaigivebulia. Cogito-s principi, rogorc intuicia aris dgoma
uSualo ueWvelobiT gaxsnili mocemulobis winaSe: `me ro-

51
gorc moeWve varsebob~ aris azri mis sinamdvileSi. am deb-
ulebis sicxade da garkveuloba SeuZlebelia raimem waarT-
vas gonebas. arsisa da azris erTobis sicxade daurRveve-
lia.
goneba avtonomiuria _ Tavis Tavs emyareba da daur-
Rveveli Zalisa xdeba. es debuleba arc induqciiT sabuT-
deba da arc deduqciiT. dekartma mas intuicia uwoda. intu-
icia iseTi zeZlieri poziciaa, romlis moreva anu uaryofa
SeuZlebelia, radgan misi uaryofa masve asabuTebs.
dekartes Tezisis specifika SemdegSia: azris wvdoma mis-
save uSualo arsebobaSi _ arsis TviTueWveloba. adamiani,
rogorc `moazrovne cxoveli~, aris TviTmoZravi arsi,
gaaCnia avtonomiuri TviTmamoZravebeli wyaro, romelic mis
gareT aRar saWiroebs energetikul instancias. araferi
ar miviRoT rac ar aris gonebisaTvis cxadi da ueWveli,
e.i. rac racionalur-intuiciuri ar aris. intuicia xedavs,
rom arsebobs aragrZnobad sidideTa samefo, metafizikuri
ganzomileba, `azris samefo~; amgvari metafizika aZlevs
dasabams mecnierebaTa sistemas.
dekartma daadgina iseTi momenti inteleqtSi, romelSi-
ac xedvasTan erTad gveZleva sinamdvilec, romelic probl-
emuri SuamavliT ki ar ukavSirdeba, aramed uSualod `Se-
dis~ mis orbitaSi; aq sinamdvilis uSualobac aris da misi
Semecnebac. igi namdvilad inteleqtualuri intuiciaa,
e.i. iseTi inteleqtualuri aqtia, romelSic TviT sinamd-
vilea mocemuli uSualod. `vazrovneb, maSasadame varsebob~-
is principSi mocemulia mainterpretirebeli gonebis mTeli
saidumlo da hermenevtikis universaluri proeqtis faru-
li motivi: esaa `me varsebob~-is primati `me vazrovneb~-ze;
azrovneba sxva araferia, Tu ara arsebobis funqcia.

***
kantma intuicia pasiur instanciad gamoacxada. masTan
`grZnobadi intuiciebi~ _ dro da sivrce _ bunebis moce-

52
mulobis mxolod pasivi pirobebia. uaxles filosofiaSi
kvlav aRadgines `kartezianuli meditaciis~ universal-
uri masStabi. erT-erTi gavleniani intuitivisti n. loski
racionaluri da grZnobadi intuiciebis sinTezirebiT mis-
tiuri intuiciis dasabuTebis mcdelobamde mivida; scada
eCvenebina, rom yvela siZnele, romelic dakavSirebulia
adamianis mokvdavi arsis gadalaxvasTan, anu sxeulebri-
vi aRdgomis problemis gadaWrasTan, SeiZleba gadawydes
e.w. `kosmiuri sxeulis~ Teoriis niadagze. (loski 1991:
126) yoveli sxeuli imyofeba evoluciis im safexurze,
romelzec misi mepatrone _ `me~-s Semecneba.
loskis Teoriis mixedviT, droSi (fsiqikuri) da sivrce-
Si (fizikuri) mimdinare procesebi qmnian fsiqomaterialur,
anu sxeulebriv realobas. adamianuri `me~ (substanciuri
persona), awarmoebs Tavisive sxeulebriv gasaqans sxva sub-
stanciur personebTan TanayofierebaSi da TanamimarTe-
baTa urTules sistemaSi. mistiuri intuiciis safexurze
qmnilebiseuli personebi uSualod (`pirispir~) Wvreten
sampirovan absolutur personas; samebis samive piri kon-
substancionaluri bunebisaa: meore piri _ `Ze~ _ diofiz-
ituria, ormagi konsubstancialoba axasiaTebs. erTi mxriv,
mamasTan da suli wmidasTan, xolo meore mxriv, yvela qm-
nilebiseul personasTan. mistiuri intuiciis gziT qmnili
persona xdeba konkretul-konsubstancionaluri RmerT-
kaci anu ganRvTobili zekaci. amgvarad, ganRmrTobil per-
sonaTa Tanayofiereba qmnis yofierebis gansakuTrebul
sferos: RvTis samefos, zecis binadarTa samyaros.
zecis binadarTa `sivrcobrivi sxeulebi~ Sedgebian mx-
olod sinaTlis, xmisa da siTbosagan. isini arian urTierT-
gamWvirvaleni, axasiaTebT informaciul-energetikuli
urTierTgamtarianoba. es `gamtarianoba~ vrceldeba mTels
samyaroze da aqvs kosmiuri gasaqani. esaa maTi `kosmiuri
sxeuli~. iq aRar arsebobs sikvdili, radgan pozitiur-
mizidulobiTi energetikis zona SeuRwevadia ganzidulo-

53
biT-damarRveveli Zalebisagan. TiToeuli personul-en-
ergetikuli centris resursi Ria komunikaciaSia sxva per-
sonebTan da superenergetikul transcendentur wyarosTan.
amgvari energetikuli samkuTxedi qmnis marad Semoqmedi da
ulevi absoluturi yofierebis saziaro zonas.
inteleqtis sazRvrebis gadalaxva da intuiciis niadag-
ze dadgoma meta-adamianur horizontSi Sesvlas moaswavebs.

$ 7. sicocxlis intuicia

`arc sityva, arc saqme _ pirvelad gancda iyo~

konstantine kapaneli

adamianis gadalaxvaze muSaobiT iwyeba intuiciuri

mentalitetis axali istoria. intuitivistebs aerTianebs
Rrma rwmena, rom samyaros pirvelfenomenia `sicocxle~ _
marad qmnadi da Tavisi Tavis TviTSemoqmedi sawyisi. amitom
sicocxle TviT sicocxlidanve unda iqnas gagebuli. misi
wvdomis iaraRi ar aris mxolod gansja, inteleqti, aramed
yovlisamxsneli intuicia _ gancda-Semecneba. `sicocxlis
hermenevtika~ aris sicocxlis TviTSemecneba, `materiis
TviTWvreta~ anu yvela im Zalis koncentrireba, romlis
meoxebiTac yoveli arseba Tavis `sicocxles~ axorcielebs.
_ ai, esaa sicocxlis intuiciis generaluri Tezisi.
vcadoT am Tezisis gageba vilhelm dilTais moZRvrebis
mixedviT, romelsac `codnis reformis genialuri cda~
uwodes. intuiciaSi sicocxle gveZleva uSualod rogorc
dedani, originali, pirvelsaxe da ara pirobiTobebiT dam-
axinjebuli da gaRaribebuli aCrdilebi `TviT sagnebisa~.
ra igulisxmeba aq `sicocxlis~ cnebaSi? supersicocx-
le, gonis (Geist) Tu sulis sicocxle. dilTai `sulismec-
nierebaTa~ (Geisteswissenschaften) dafuZnebas isaxavda miznad.
54
igi ebrZoda pozitivistur msoflmxedvelobas, adamianis
arsis meqanizirebas. misTvis amosavali iyo: `goniTi empiria~
_ TviT sicocxlis uSualo analizi, `Sinagani cda~. gare-
gani cda iZleva bunebismecnierebis pozitiums, xolo Sinagan
cdaSi gveZleva uSualo goniTi realoba, TviT sicocxlis
nakadi. swored esaa sicocxlis intuiciis sfero. dilTaim
scada eCvenebina, rom `sulismecnierebebs~ unda mieniWos
upiratesoba da igi damoukidebeli unda iyos bunebismec-
nierebisagan. sicocxlis intuicias saqme aqvs gacilebiT
Rrma fenebSi miZinebul irracionalur ZalebTan. goniTi
Semecnebis fundamenturi wanamZRvaria `sicocxlis diadi
erTianoba~ _ am `sasicocxlo mimarTebebis~ gancda-xedvam
unda mogvces saSualeba istoriaze gabatondes adamiani,
iseve rogorc bunebismecnierulma codnam igi gaabatona
bunebaze.
sulismecniereba cnobierebis uSualo monacemebsa da
qmnilebebs ganixilavs, rogorc gamomsaxvelobas, gamome-
tyvelebas da metyvelebas, romlebSic Cadebulia saidumlo
sicocxle. gagebis aqtSi es saidumlo uSualod ganicdeba.
maSasadame, sulieri cxovrebis wvdomas safuZvlad udevs
ara inteleqti, aramed `gancda~, `aqtgageba~, sicocxlis in-
tuiciuri Wvreta. sulismecnierebani gagebis meTodiT gva-
Zleven evidentur, TavisTavad cxad codnas.
sicocxlis intuiciuri Wvreta, `me~-s arsebis total-
uri gageba _ gancda sulismecnierebis kompetenciaa; su-
lismecnierebis Wvreta _ sicocxle iWreba obieqtur si-
cocxleSi. saintereso daskvnamde midis dilTais qarTveli
mkvlevari: `subieqtur gons~ dilTaisTan upirispirdeba
mxolod `obieqturi goni~, romlis safuZvelSi aRar devs
RmerTi. `obieqturi goni~ subieqturi gonis qmnilebaa, misi
gasagnebaa. metafizikuri Zala dilTaisTan ar Cans, magram
Cans sicocxcle. `subieqturi goni~ sicocxlea, `obieqturi
goni~ _ gasagnebuli sicocxle (buaCiZe 1991: 68).
istoria cocxali gonia. warsulSi mzeriT SeWra niS-

55
navs warsuli drois aRdgenas, restavracias da kvlavmop-
ovebas. warsuli ukvalod ar ikargeba, aramed farulad
Senaxulia teqst-gamosaxulebebSi. yovel adamians ZaluZs
mzeriTi transpozicia. `diadi teqstebis~ kvlavgancdis
aqtis meoxebiT me vcxovrob axali, aqamde CemTvis ucnobi
cxovrebiT, cxovrebis axali SesaZleblobebis realizacias
vaxden; warsulSi SemiZlia ganvicado mravali eqsistenciis
sicocxle; gavxde usazRvro SesaZleblobebis mflobeli.
nebismieri rTuli teqstis gageba aris Taviseburi aR-
dgena, reproduqcia, kvlavSeqmna, TanaSemoqmedeba. geniis
gagebis saSualeba kongenialobaa. gagebis aqti imeorebs
pirvelad aqts _ teqstis Seqmnis process. gameorebis aqti
aq aris kvlavwarmoebis aqti. kvlavwarmoebis doneze igi
SeiZleba ufro ganviTarebuli saxiT iqnes warmodgenili
vidre `pirveli gamoSvebis~ SemTxvevaSi. amgvari `aRwar-
moebiTi~ aqtis ZaliT sicocxlis potenciebi qmnadi faq-
torebis saxiT aRiZvrian da TviTmoZravni xdebian. aq xdeba
gonis wrexazuli moZraoba sicocxlis erTianobasa da yov-
ladobis hermenevtikul wreSi. gagebis aqti wvdeba teqstis
pirveladi aqtis arss _ amosaval fuZe-elements, sazriss
da misi kvlavgancdiT acocxlebs, anamdvilebs mas.
mzeriT aqts aqvs sami modusi: subieqturi, obieqturi
da absoluturi. goniTi aqtis `absoluturi modusi~ aris
sicocxlis TviTwarmomqmneli, TviTmaregulirebeli kvanZi
damuxtiuli praqtikulad ulevi energetikuli potenciiT
(maragiT). nikolai hartmanma da roman ingardenma yuradRe-
ba miaqcies imas, rom `esTetikuri gageba~ niSnavs esTeti-
kuri subieqtisa da esTetikuri obieqtis yvela Sris Ser-
wymas, urTierTtransformacias harmoniul formaSi.
gageba aris `damkvidreba sxvis gancdebsa da siyvar-
ulSi~. es SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mzeraSi, romelic
gaugebs `rTul teqstebs~. amiT igi SeZlebs moZraobas go-
niTi sicocxlis velze. `teqstSi~ mzeris Setana, gadata-
na, gadanacvleba; Semdeg STabeWdilebebiT datvirTuli

56
mzeris mobruneba sakuTar gancdebze; da bolos: aRdge-
nil-restavrirebuli `sxvisi gancdis~ gadanergva sakuTar
Sinagan samyaroSi. gageba bevrad rTuli operaciaa, vidre
sainJinro-logikuri operacia. igi ar eqvemdebareba logi-
kur formalizebas da seleqcias. aseTi operaciebis Cat-
areba SeuZlia gansakuTrebul elitarul arsebas, genialuri
teqstebis kongenialur adepts _ zekacs. hermenevtikuli
teqnikis daxmarebiT mkiTxvels SeuZlia mxatvruli nawar-
moebi gaigos `ufro ukeTesad~, vidre TviT `avtors esmoda
sakuTari Tavi~. aq idealia geniosze `ufro metad~ geniosi,
`fiureris fiureri~, _ amitom hermenevtikas `filosofiis
filosofiasac~ uwodeben xolme.
hermenevtikosi aRar aris fizikosi, igi zefiziko-
sia anu istorikosi. Spengleri ambobda: `Caketili kul-
turgeStaltebis~ cikluri Tanmimdevroba aris istoria.
es `kulturgeStaltebi~ sicocxlis pirveladi ujredebi
arian, amitomaa `kulturis istoria savsebiT analogiuri
calkeuli adamianis, cxovelis, xis, an yvavilis istoriisa~.
aq moqmedebs sicocxlis kanonzomierebis principi: Soba _
ganviTareba _ sibere _ sikvdili. esaa pozicia, romelic sa-
Sualebas mogvcems msoflio kultura ganvWvritoT adeq-
vaturad e.i. rogorc sicocxlis wyaro.
istoriis gamgebTa axal inteleqtualur elitas _ ge-
niosebis kastas _ gamoarCevs gansakuTrebuli `filosofi-
uri xarizma~. sicocxldis hermenevtikaSi `pirovnuli ge-
nialoba~ gardaiqmneba sistematur teqnikad, operaciebis
sistemad, romlis aTviseba da gadacemac SesaZlebelia.
istoriis niSnobriv-teqstobrivi energetika principSi
yvelasTvis misawvdomia.
cxadia, yvelas mainc ar SeuZlia gaxdes kargi hermenev-
tikosi sicocxlis xdomilebaTa Rrmad gamgebi istorikosi.
dilTai ambobda: `istorikosi warsulis winaswarmetyvelia~.
warsuli aris CvenTvis momavlidan momdinare myari awmyo.
yoveli individi Tavis TavSi atarebs warsuls da amde-

57
nad `istoriuli mikrokosmosia~. istoria aris sicocxlis
umaRlesi safexuri, iracionaluri avtonomiuri instancia.
es uzenaesi instancia aris gardasul sulTa cocxlad Sem-
naxveli sacavi. igi inaxavs warsuls anu gancdili aqtebis
mravalferovnebas. warsuli ki `istorikosSi~ ganagrZobs
sicocxles: yovel wams Seedineba individis sicocxliseu-
li moqmedebis qsovilSi. amgvarad, warsuli zemoqmedebs
awmyoze, rogorc Zala energia, Rirebuleba, rogorc en-
ergetikuli impulsatori, istoriuli `gancdebis~ to-
nusatori. yoveli gancda martivi Sekruli ambavia, atomia;
mogonebebs aniWebs `aq da amJamad yofnis~ anu prezencis
xasiaTs. moqmedebs energiis Senaxvisa da gardaqmnis univer-
saluri tendencia.
`sicocxlis hermenevtikis~ amosavali principebia
gamoTqmuli konstantine kapanelis `organotropizmSi~:
`araferi ar ikargeba... uZiro sivrce, planeturi wviT gad-
aorTqlili, zRva da mdinareebi, cxovelTa da mcenareTa
dauSreteli gzneba! yvelaferi saerTo wyarodan Cndeba
da es wyaro yovlobisa, maradiulad mdinare rogorc didi
okeane arc iklebs da arc matulobs~ (kapaneli 1988: 22).
1) `suli metariis ganwvalebis dinamikuri aorTqle-
baa~. 2) Wvreta aris nerviuli gresis sxiviseburi energia~.
3) zekacisaTvis msoflio istoria aris Sinaarsi misive
msoflio Wvretisa. 4) intuicia aris gancdis epifenomeni.
organotropizmis ZiriTadi Tezisebi kargad gadmoscemen si-
cocxlis hermenevtikis Teoriul safuZvlebs.
sicocxlis hermenevtikosebma scades daerRviaT bari-
eri warsul, e.i. `amJamad ukve dakargul~ drosa da mimdi-
nare prezenc-dros Soris; scades gadaelaxaT ufskruli
organul da araorganul formebs Soris; rac ufro Sors
midis Cveni goneba sicocxlis intuiciis mimarTulebiT,
miT ufro axlo SegiZlia igrZno Tavi bunebasTan da is-
toriasTan. `samyaro TandaTanobiT gviaxlovdeba~ da Cvens
planetaze TandaTan Cndebian sxva jiSis adamianebi, sxva-

58
nairi grZnobiTi aparatis mqone xalxi, romelnic sul sxva
movlenebs dainaxaven `istoriaSi~. maTi gancda analogiuri
iqneba im pirveli adamianisa, romelmac pirvelad Caixeda
mikroskopSi. `Cveni msoflmxedveloba TandaTanobiT uni-
versalur saxes Rebulobs~ (kapaneli 1998 : 116).

***
bergsonis intuitivistur moZRvrebaSi Cans zekacis,
rogorc humanoidis, msoflmxedvelobis modeli. mTeli sa-
myaro `dasaxlebulia~ sicocxlis impulsiT, mTel sinamd-
vileSi gaedineba sicocxlis energiis erTiani dineba. si-
cocxlis universaluri wrebrunva siyvarul-simpaTiis en-
ergiazea damokidebuli. orgiastul-simpatikuri xasiaTi
aqvs sicocxlis mimarTebas Tavis TavTan. am energetikuli
wrebrunvidan izolirebuli yoveli warmonaqmni gadagva-
rebisa da qrobisaTvis, anu energetikuli ukmarisobisaTvis
aris ganwiruli. ar unda gamoeTiSo sicocxlis universumis
cocxal brunvas. sicocxlis kontaqti Tavis TavTan jer
instinqtis, xolo ufro maRal doneze intuiciis saSuale-
biT xorcieldeba.
humanoidis msoflmxedveloba bergsonis intuitivizm-
Si, iTmens sulis ukvdavebis daSvebasac _ `SesaZlebelia
sulis arseboba misi sxeulebrivi garsis sikvdilis Sem-
degac~. amas gveubneba Zalumi sicocxlis impulsi _ `Cven
ufleba gvaqvs yuri vugdoT mas~ _ ambobs bergsoni. sul-
Ta materializaciis bergsoniseuli Teoria aRiarebs, rom
suls kavSiri aqvs materiasTan, magram mas ar gansazRvravs
pasiuri masala _ materia. sicocxlis swrafva _ funqcia
TviTon iqmnis organos, sxeulebriv organizms, material-
uri elementebis Taviseburi kombinaciis Sedegad. am el-
ementebis daSlis Semdeg aseTi suli ar unda qrebodes. igi
organros moklebuli funqciis saxiT agrZelebs arsebo-
bas araorganul materiaSi, inertul masalaSi Camwyvdeuli
ganeitralebuli saxiT. amgvar mdgomareobaSi gadasvlisas

59
ganagrZobs xelsayreli momentis Ziebas, raTa kvlav Seqmnas
specialuri organo anu organizmi (bergsoni 1991: 221).
bergsoni dasaSvebad Tvlis RmerTis arsebobasac.
oRond tradiciuli `statikuri religiebis~ mudmiv-ucv-
leli nivTiseburi RmerTisgan gansxvavebiT, humanoidis
`dinamikuri religiis~ RmerTi aris mudmivi cvalebadobisa
da gardaqmnis anu SemoqmedebiTi evoluciis energetiku-
li wyaro. RmerTis arseba aris ara maTematikuri an logi-
kuri, rogorc laibnics egona, aramed fsiqologiuri, anu
fsiqoenergetikuli.

$ 8. libiduri energetika

`rogorc sxva bunebismetyvelurma mecniere-

bebma migvaCvies, Cven vuSvebT, rom sulier
cxovrebaSi moqmedebs garkveuli saxis ener-
gia, magram ar gagvaCnia araviTari sayrdeni
energiis sxva formebTan analogiis gziT mi-
vuaxlovdeT mis Semecnebas.~

zigmund froidi

froidma evropul-mecnieruli formiT aRadgina aR-

mosavlur sistemebSi damuSavebuli koncefcia erogenuli
zonebisa da libiduri energiis sublimaciis Sesaxeb. am
Teoriis mixedviT, adamianis `sulis siRrmeSi arseboben
libiduri energiis usasrulo resursebi, romlebic soma-
turi wyaroebidan ivsebian. `sxeulis gamorCeul adgilebs,
saidanac es libido momdinareobs, ewodeba erogenuli
zonebi. magram asrebiTad mTeli sxeuli aseTi erogenuli
zonaa~. am `zoniT~ ikvebeba aracnobieri `igi~-s samefo.
xolo cnobieri `me~ `mTeli cxovrebis manZilze rCeba did
rezervuarad, saidanac obieqtze igzavneba da romelSiac
isev ukan brundeba libidos muxtebi~ (froidi 1993: 8).
60
 `siRrmis fsiqologia~ fsiqoanalizuri meTodiT Cadis
adamianis `aracnobier fsiqikur samyaroSi~ (bnel `igi~-Si)
da iq jadosnur mogzaurobebs awyobs. es ukve Teoriuli
fsiqologiidan fsiqopraqsisze gadasvlaa.
TviTfroidi Tavis mier Seqmnil `azrovnebis sruliad
axal dargs~ _ `metafsiqologias~ uwodebda.
`indiferentuli fsiqikuri energia~ anu libido Tavda-
pirvel daunawevrebel mdgomareobaSi, jer kide ar aris
Camoyalibebuli seqsualur da araseqsualur formebad.
misi energetikuli dinamika aseTia: fiziologiuri ener-
gia iqceva ltolvis energiad anu fsiqikur energiad. xdeba
piriqiTac, fsiqikuri energia gardaiqmneba fizikur ener-
giad.
adamiani Seiqmna akrZalvis (tabu) aqtiT. ltolviTi
impulsebis Sekaveba da gandevna iqca fsiqikis dinamikur
Zalad. SemdegSi gafarTovda ltolvebis Sekavebis sfero.
yoveli nabiji civilizaciaSi udrida gandevnis zrdas.
yoveli gandevna `me~-s sferodan `igi~-s sferos avsebda en-
ergiiT. mzardi SezRudva iwvevs mzard sublimacias. esaa
progresis impulsi.
magram libidos represiuli reglamentaciis zrda Seu-
Zlebels xdis `normalur~ sublimacias, anu, sul ufro
Zneldeba libidos energiis gardasaxva socialurad mis-
aReb ego-sa da Super-ego-s formebSi. am araswori subli-
maciis Sedegia nevrozebi. froidis samedicino daskvna:
`yvelani suliT daavadebulebi e.i. nevrotikebi varT~ fi-
losofiur masStabSi iqna ayvanili. `civilizebuli sazoga-
doebis paTlogiebi~ ganimarta, rogorc `koleqtiuri nev-
rozebis diagnozi~.
froidis mixedviT, suli instanciaTa ierarqiaa: me, igi,
ze-me. `me~ samefo karia, batoni iZleva brZanebebs. igi _
`xalxis xmaa~. `me~ ar aris batoni sakuTar saxlSi, igi `mefea
samefos gareSe~. `me~ unda daeSvas dabla `igi~-s fskerze:
Caixede sakuTar sulSi (`Seican Tavi Seni~) da gaigeb ratom
daavaddi.

61
 libidos fsiqoanalitikuri marTvis principi aris kos-
miur-anTropologiuri principi mis industriul praqti-
kaSi. `fsiqoanalizis msoflio praqtika~ esaa energetiku-
li industriis analogiuri fsiqikuri industriis sistema.
misi amocanaa humanitaruli energetikuli krizisis daZl-
eva. amboben, rom fsiqoanalizi pasuxobs Tanamedrove ada-
mianis yvelaze mniSvnelovan gamowvevas.
froidis fsiqopziaqsisma uzarmazari gavlena moaxdina
Tanamedrove humanizmze. igi SeiWra azrovnebis, Txzvisa da
warmoebis yvela sferoSi da yoveldRiurobaSi; TiToeu-
li saxelmwifos, ojaxis da pirovnebis cxovrebaSi gansa-
kuTrebuli adgili daikava.
froidma Camoayaliba azrovnebis garkveuli stili,
romelic gamoixateba sizmrebis da cnobierebis sxva mdgo-
mareobaTa simbolur analizSi, urTulesi fsiqologiuri
movlenebis metamorful ganmartebaSi. adamianis suli mas
esmoda, rogorc qaragmul-metaforuli sakomunikacio ena,
romlis daSifvra-ganmarteba adamians gankurnavs yovel-
gvari sulieri gadaxrebisagan, sisusteebisa da naklovane-
bebisagan.
fsiqoanalizi kaTarzisis meTodia. es kaTarzisi sxva
araferia Tu ara adamianis siRrmiseul-qvecnobieri
ltolvebis, impulsebis, motivebis faruli azris amoxsna-
amokiTxva. froidi Tvlida, rom sakmarisia adamianma gas-
agebi gaxados misi fiqrisa da qcevis qvecnobieri mizezi da
wyaroebi, rom moipovebs Sinagan Tavisuflebas (kaTarziss).
niSandoblivia, rom 1900 wels gamoqveynebul fuZemdebel
Sromas man uwoda `sizmrebis ganmarteba~.
zekaci froidul variantSi axdens libidos energiis
warmoebas. `kaTarzisuli Terapia~ aris komunikacia ener-
getikul wyarosTan. froidi Tvlida, rom misi `metafsiqo-
logia~ am farTo sferos mecnieruli aRmocenaa. yvela `si-
cocxlis filosofosi~ vinc `universaluri hermenevtikis~
proeqtebs amuSavebda, swored ase fiqrobda.
froidma marTlac miagno gagebisa da interpretaci-
62
is axal energetikul princips, magram igi bevr punqtSi
gadaWarbebulad afasebda Tavis aRmoCenas. misi Teoria
doqtrinad iqca, xolo fsiqoanalizis skolam religiisa
da kultmsaxurebis niSnebi SeiZina.
roca Teoria iqceva rwmenad da mis mimdevarTa ricxvi
araCveulebrivad didi xdeba, maSIn is doqtrinad iqceva.
aseT SemTxvevaSi Teoria tradiciuli mecnierebis farg-
lebs gareT gadis da iqceva sajaro Sexedulebad. `univer-
salur sulier mecnierebad~ qceuli doqtrina zemecniere-
ba gaxdeba. zemecnierebis mizani utilitarulia _ adamiani
gaanTavisuflos tanjvisagan da dedamiwaze Seqmnas aTas-
wlovani samoTxiseburi imperia. froidiseuli xiliazmi
emyareba sulis Sinaarsis marTvadi desublimaciis ideas.

$ 9. sicocxlis eideturi intuicia

franc brentaniom daamkvidra termini `intencionalo-

ba~. aRniSnavs im garemoebas, rom gancdis `mimarTuloba~,
damiznebuloba raimeze, teleologiuriba aris deskrip-
tiuli (aRweriTi) maxasiaTebeli cnobierebis Sinagani si-
cocxlisa (Bewusstzeinsleben), Tu `cnobierebis cxovrebisa~.
gaaCnia rogor gavigebT da rogor vTargmniT am konteqstSi
sityva Leben-s.7 am ganmartebis banaluroba moCvenebiTia,
sinamdvileSi is sulieri sicocxlis wyaros ganuwyveteli
fenomenologiuri kvlevebisa da udides aRmoCenaTa mxo-
lod dasawyisia. brentanos leqciebis mosmenis Semdeg `in-
tencionaluri gancdis~ cneba huserlma fenomenologiis
qvakuTxedad aqcia.

7 qarTuli huserliana am sakiTxSi meryeobs. zogs miaCnia, rom `Leb-

en~ cnobierebis Sinagani Tavgadasavalia, amitom mas sityva `cxovreba~
gamoTqvams. sxva TvalsazrisiT, aq deskrifciis sagania cnobierebis
funqcioba, rogorc cocxali procesi da ara misi biografia. amitom mas
Seefereba sityva `sicocxle~.
63
 dilTaim sityva `gancda~-s (Erlebnis) pirvelad mianiWa
gagebis funqcia. amis Semdeg iwyeba sityva `gancdis~ aR-
zeveba iseT sabazo sityvebze rogoricaa _ ganaTleba, kul-
tura, xelovneba, msoflmxedveloba, gageba, genia da a.S.
es moaswavebda rusos sentimentalizmis romantikul ga-
naxlebas. sicocxlis gancdas upiratesoba eniWeba gonebas-
Tan SedarebiT. cnobierebis mdinarebaSi SeWrili TviTc-
nobierebis sxivi, gamoamJRavnebs sakuTar `cxovrebas~,
rac igive universaluri sicocxlea, mis Ria-usasrulo
mTlianobaSi da erTianobaSi. (huserli 2000: 375) huser-
liseul gamokvlevebSi `intencionaloba~ gagebiTi aperce-
fciaa, romelSiac mTavar rols asruleben sazrisisa da
sagnobriv mimarTebaTa mimniWebeli aqtebi; gageba aqturi
aRniSvnaa, evidentobis forma da sicocxlis samyaros kon-
stituirebis wyaroa.
`gancdis~ cneba huserlTan ise farTovdeba, rom cno-
bierebis mTeli gasaqans moicavs. gancdaSi, ganmcdeli da
gancdili warmoqmnian gagebis erTian integralur saz-
risul vels. `intencionaluri gancda~ cnobierebis sa-
sicocxlo `aqtgagebis~ saxelia. aqtebi talRebiviT moZ-
raoben gancdebis nakadSi. `aqtgagebaTa~ es saxeoba imiTaa
gamorCeuli, rom cnobierebaSi misi reprezentaciis Sesa-
Zlebloba arasodes Tavsdeba. huserlma maTi meToduri da-
muSavebis teqnika SeimuSava. fenomenologia aris gagebaSi
daostatebis xangrZlivi, grZeli da Zneli gza. es meTodika
saSualebas gvaZlevs daviwyebis nislidan azris sinaTleze
gamoviyvanoT `dauviwyari mogonebebi~, kvlav movipovoT
ara marto maTi pirveladi Sinaarsebi, aramed gamovavli-
noT maTi axali, manamde ucnobi mxareebi, Sinaarsebi da saz-
risebi.
huserlis TqmiT, mTeli samyaro, romelSic Sedis ada-
miani da adamianuri me-ebi, rogorc kerZo realobani, Ta-
visi arsis mixedivT SiSveli internacionaluri arsia.
yvelaferi rac `aris~, aris imdenad, ramdenadac `mimarTe-

64
baSia~. rogorc calke aRebuli nivTebi, aseve mTeli sa-
myaroc `mimarTebis~ gareSe realobas moklebulia.
`samyaro~ raRac jer absoluturad arsebuli ki ar
aris da mere ki ar ukavSirdeba raRacas, `sxvas~, aramed
igi sruliad araferi ar aris absoluturi azriT. samyaros
sulac ar aqvs `absoluturi arsi~. mas iseTive `raRacis~
arseba aqvs, rac principulad mxolod internacionaluria,
anu aris iseTi, rac cnobierebis mieraa warmodgenili da
gamovlenili.
samyaro rogorc yovlismomcveli gagebis horizonti,
konstituirebulia anonimurobiT anu aravisi intencio-
nalurobiT. esaa sasicocxlo samyaro, sadac vcxovrobT
bunebrivi ganwyobis Tanaxmad, romelic aris wanamZRvari
yovelgvari cdisa da romelic yovelTvis imyofeba mimdin-
are situaciurobaSi.
maSasadame gacnobierebuli gancda iwodeba intencio-
nalurad. TiToeuli gancda aRmocendeba mxolod cno-
bierebis yovlismomcveli mdinarebis wiaRidan gamoyofis
gziT. gamoyofili xdeba erTeuli, romelic amave dros
aris universaluri sinTezis aqti. cnobierebis cxovreba
magvarad aris Cogito. yuradRebis koncentrirebisa da `mox-
elTebis~ gziT, is universaluri Semecnebis Temad iqce-
va. cnobierebis mTeli cxovreba warmoqmnis sintezur er-
Tianobas, Yromlis fuZemdebluri momentia `drois yovlis-
momcveli Sinagani cxovreba~ (huserli 2000 : 375), misi ko-
reltTa `Sinagani drouloba~ da cnobierebis eqskluziur
unari, iyos mimarTebaSi Tavis TavTan. am unarze damyare-
biT qmediTi xdeba cnobierebis aqtualuri da potenciuri
aspeqtebi. yoveli aqtualoba impliciturad Seicavs sa-
kuTar potencialobas, romlis eqsplicirebas xels uwyobs
sruliad axali meTodika _ intencionaluri analizi.
intencionaluri analizi sruliad sxva ram aris, vidre
analizi am sityvas Cveulebrivi gagebiT. gancdis horiz-

65
ontSi SeRwevis gziT unda SevZloT misi aqtualobebisa da
potencialobebis gaxsna.
gancdebis uSualo aqtebidan gadavinacvlebT maTSive
moniSnuli horizontebisaken, raTa gza gauxsnaT gancdaTa
axal nakads, romelic manamde mxolod nagulisxmevi iyo
masSi. `fenomenologia gamudmebiT aanalizebs gulisxmo-
bas~. `ai es gaxlavT uzarmazari amocana _ ambobs huserli
_ romelic deskrifcias (aRweras) aqvs~. (huserli 2010, 51)
intencionaluri analizi gamoamzeurebs savaraudo
horizontebs imis meSveobiT, rom isini gaxdnen aRnusxvad-
ni (deskripciulni) SemdgomSi SesaZlo aRqmis an mogonebis
formiT. uamisod intencionaloba, rogorc intuiciuri
gacnobierebis bazisi, gagebisa da interpretaciis funda-
menti, anonimuri darCeboda; dafaruli darCeboda cno-
bierebaSi Semavali noeturi mravalferoneba da maTi sin-
Tezuri erTianoba.
huserlis meoTxe kartezianul meditaciis (§34) mixed-
viT, intencionalurma analizma principuli ganviTareba
unda hpovos noetur analizSi. marefleqsirebeli mzeriT
viWrebiT anonimur moazrovne sicocxleSi. rogorc ki re-
fleqsuri mzeris sinaTle daenaTeba romelime gancdas,
is gamohyavs anonimurobidan da aTavsebs iseTi gancdebis
Tematur velze, romlebic masTan mimarTebaSi asruleben
sagnobrivi sazrisis mimniWebel funqcias. Cven SevdivarT
intenciaSi da evidentualurad (uSualo ucxadesobaSi)
vcocxlobT noematuri sazrisiT aRvsebaSi. intencialoba
rogorc aqturi aRniSvna aris sazrisis mimniWebel-war-
momqmneli interpretacia.
gavixsenoT, rom saqme gvaqvs `srulad axal meTodTan~.
cnobierebis samefos fenomenebi, rogorc heraklite am-
bobda, mdinaresaviT miedinebian, ise rom maTSi orjer ver
Sexval. huserli fiqrobda, rom sruli ugunurebaa maTi
aRwera fiqsirebuli cnebebiT, romlebsac bunebrivi obi-
eqtebis aRsawerad viyenebT.

66
 aq unda amuSavdes sruliad Tavisufali moqmedeba fan-
taziisa, fantaziis SeWra aRqmaSi. aqturis da faqtiurobis
sruli gansxvavebis meSveobiT, fantaziis mier aRqmisaTvis
miwodebuli forma xdeba aRqmis eidosi. eideturi reduq-
ciis (dayvanis) operacia axdens gancdebis eidetur ganw-
mendas. aRwevs ego-s universaluri eidosamde, romelic
Tavis TavSi Seicavs Cemi faqtiuri ego-s wminda SesaZle-
blobebis yvela variants da TviT am ego-s, rogorc wminda
SesaZleblobas (§41). saboloo safexurze eideturi intu-
iciis (romelic safuZvelTa safuZvelia yovelgvari sxva
azrovnebiTi aqtebisa), wvdomisa da gagebis zonaSi Semodis
raRac universaluri dasabamieri apriori, _ transcencen-
taluri subieqturobis SesaZleblobis piroba. da bolos,
fenomenologiuri daostatebis maRal safexurze asulni,
veziarebiT egologias _ moZRvrebas wminda `me~-s Sesaxeb.
sxvisi gamocdilebis auTenturoba miuwvdomelia. mxo-
lod analogiis daskvna an STagrZnobaa SesaZlebeli. cxadia
aq ver SevCerdebi egologiis detalur aRweraze, mxolod
imis aRniSvniT davkmayofildebiT, rom ego-ebi konkre-
tuli kulturuli garemos mixedviT iZenen habitualur
Strixebs, xolo garemo xdeba intersubieqturi. (zahavi
2016:184 )

$ 10. moZRvreba regionul ontologiebze

meTodologiuri TvalsazrisiT gadamwyveti mniSvn-
eloba hqonda huserlis moZRvrebas `regionuli ontolo-
giebis~ Sesaxeb. huserli araerTxel miuTiTebs, rom evro-
pul mecnierebaTa ganviTareba damokidebulia am `uprinci-
pules safuZvelze~.
mecnierebaTa kantiseli `transcendentaluri dafuZne-
ba~ mecnierebaTa erTianobis Sesasxeb moZRvrebaa, romelic
emyareba intersubieqturobis unitarul models. yoveli

67
mecniereba imdenad aris mecniereba, ramenadac eqvemde-
bareba `universaluri maTezisis~ regulaciebs.
huserlma mecnierebaTa unitaruli modeli Secvala
`regionuli ontologiebis~ modeliT, ramac gza gauxsna
Tanamedrove meTodologiur pluralizms. arsebulTa sx-
vadasxva regionebis adeqvaturi analizi SesaZlebelia mx-
olod Sesabamisi saazrovno warmonaqmnebis meSveobiT.
huserlis mixedviT, empiriul saganTa `regioni~
specifikur regulaciebs eqvemdebareba. yoveli empiriuli,
sagnobrivi qmnis specifikur vels, romelsac unda ikv-
levdnen Sesabamisi regionuli mecnierebani anu regionuli
ontologiebi. es regionuli mecnierebani SeiZleba gaiSa-
lon TavianTi usasrulo mravalferovnebiT da usasrulo
aspeqtebiT. maTi amosavalia `bunebis regionis~ sakuTrivi
eideturi dasabami. am fundamentze SeiZleba daSendes yve-
la faqtismecniereba da bunebismecnierebaTa yvela saxe-
oba. igive iTqmis nebismier regionze.
faqtis mecnierebani `faqtis~ realobas gansazRvraven
sivrcul-drouli parametrebis mixedviT. faqtiuria is,
rasac Tavisi droiTi xangrZlivoba da sivrculi adgilm-
debareoba aqvs. sxeulebrivi `yofna~, mas SeiZleba hqondes
droisa da sivrcis nebismier sxva monakveTSic (erTiani
sxeulebrivi konfiguraciiT), sadac aseTive xasiaTis `re-
aluri~ iqneboda. e.i. misi `realobis~, namdvilobis Tu
`faqtiuriobis~ arsi ar Seicvleboda; e.i. raime SeiZleba
Seicvalos ise, rom misi faqtiuroba uclveli darCes.
amgvari yofiereba `SemTxveviTia~. ratom? imitom, rom
Tavisi arsebis mixedviT sxvagvarad yofna SeuZlia. aseTi
regulaciebiT mowesrigebuli sagnebi TavisTavad ganxil-
ulni `SemTxveviTni~ arian. huserlma gadatrialeba moax-
dina gabatonebul SexedulebSi, rom bunebis kanonebi arian
obieqturi da aucilebeli. am `regionis~ faqtiur mdgo-
mareoba WeSmartiebaTa garkveuli arsebis kuTvnilebaa.
rogorc mTel am `regons~ aqvs Tavisi arisi, aseve yovel

68
individualur sagansac Tavisi sakuTari arseba aqvs.
huserli akeTebs mniSvnelovan dasknas: ar SeiZleba
bunebis kanonTa SezRuduli sayovelTaobis aRreva arsis
sayovelTaosTan da e.w. `edetur aucileblobasTan~. amde-
nad, yoveli individualuri mWvreteloba SeiZleba arsis
Wvretad (ideacia) gadaiqces. es aris SesaZlebloba, ro-
melic ganxorcieldeba mxolod maSin, roca ganWvretis
aqtSi ganiWvriteba wminda arsi anu eidosi. es iTqmis yvela
`regonul ontologiasTan~ dakavSirebiTac. arsisWvretac
ra Tqma unda mWvretelobaa, iseve rogorc eidituri sa-
ganic sagania.
es TviTneburi fantazia ki ar aris, aramed sagnisa da
cnobierebis arsobrivi korelaciurobis bazisuri WeS-
maritebaa. individualuri sagnis cnobiereba swvdeba sagns
mis sxeulebriv TvisebaSi; amis msgavsad arsisWvretac aris
im raRacis cnobiereba, razec misi Wvretaa mipyrobili; rac
Wvretis aqtSi misive korelaciuri mocemulobaa. magram is,
iseTi `raRacaa~ risi warmodena da naTlad gaazreba Ses-
aZlebelia sxva aqtSi. naTesaoba `Cveulebriv~ mzerasa da
arsisWvretas Soris imaze miuTiTebs, rom ar SeiZleba maTi
erTmaneTisagan mowyveta, maTi Sexebis wertilebis ignori-
reba, magram es arafers ar cvlis imaSi, rom mWvretelobis
es orive saxe pirncipulad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.
fenomenologa moiTxovs sityva `eidosTan~ dakavSire-
bul yovelgvar mistikuri bundovanebis ukugdebas. eido-
sis anu wm. arsisis Wvreta iseve kargad SeiZleba ganxor-
cieldes realur mocemulobebSi, rogorc Tavisufali
fantaziiT warmosaxul velze. warmomsaxvelma mWvretelo-
bam SeiZelba ganaxorcielos wminda arsTa ganWvreta, mo-
gonebis, mxatvruli Txzvis, religiuri aqtebis da sxva ms-
gavsi mocemulobebis `ideirebis~ meSveobiT.
faqtiurisa da eideturis gamijvnis Teziss emyareba
meToduri gansxvaveba faqtismecnierebaTa da arsismec-
nierebaTa Soris. gamocdilebis mecnierebani emyarebian

69
cdis, eqsperimentis monacemebs; gamocdileba aris maTi
ganuyofeli aqti. xolo arsismecnierebani sinamdvileebs ki
ar ikvlevs, aramed `idealur sinamdvileebs~, es qmnis wmin-
da eideturi mecnierebis arsebas. geometria da maTematika
aris praqtikuli mecniereba da misgan unda gavmijnoT wmin-
da logika da fenomenologa. fenomenologia principulad
gamoiricxavs emiriul mecnierebaTa SemecnebiTi Sedegebis
yovel CarTvas. faqtiurisagan yovelTvis mxolod faqti-
uri gamomdinareobs da ara ediosebi. fenomenologia mka-
crad icavs yvela eideturi mecnierebis damoukideblobas
faqtismecnierebebisagan. samagierod arc erT faqtismec-
nierebas ar SeuZlia srulyofili ganviTareba edeturi
mecnierebisagan damoukideblad.
empiriul saganTa yovel `regions~ da `wminda regionul
arss~, Seesatyviseba regionaluri eideturi mecniereba anu
regionuli ontologa, romelic SeiZleba gaiSalos spe-
cialuri tipis ontologiur disciplinaTa mTeli komple-
qsis saxiT. yovel faqtismecnierebas Tavisi fundamenti
aqvs eidetur mecnierebaSi.
yvela bunebismetyveluri empiriuli mecnierebis baziss
qmnis saerTod bunebis Sesaxeb regionuli eideturi onto-
logia. igive iTqmis nebismieri regionisaTvis. yvela empir-
iuli mecniereba unda daefuZnos mxolod mis Sesabamis re-
gionul ontologiebs da ara yvela mecnierebisaTvis serTo
wminda logikas. yovel individualur movlenas Tavisi arsi
aqvs, romlis wvdoma SeiZleba eideturi siwmindiT.

70
 $ 11. bunebrivi ganwyobis dogmatizmi da
misi radikaluri Secvla.
sicocxliT savse sicocxle

sagnobrivi viTarebis intuiciuri xedvis im gzas Tu mi-

vyvebiT, romelic huserlis fenomenologiam gakvala, unda
gvjerodes, rom veraviTari Teoria, ideologia, crurwmena
gzidan veRar agvacdens. WeSmaritebis saxe aris is, rac man
ucxadesad gamogviCina, gamogvimJRavna `intuiciaSi~.
bekonis empirizmi iTxovda gonebis gawmendas idolebi-
sagan. erTaderTi avtoriteti WeSmaritebis sakiTxebSi gax-
da avtonomiuiri goneba. evropuli azrovneba gansazRvra
bekonis mowodebebma: codna Zala! ukuvagdoT sagnobriv-
cdiseul viTarebasTan SeuTavsebeli yvela `usagno~ crur-
wmena. empiriuli cdis sarwmunooba emyareba induqciur
daskvnas, anu faqtebis ganzogadebiT miRebul daSvebebs
da varaudebs. ramdenad sarwmunoa aseTi daskvna? _ kiTxu-
lobs huserli. induqciuri daSvebebi albaTuria, deduqci-
uri daskvna usasrulo regresis nakls Seicavs.
huserlis CanafiqriT namdvili Tanmimdevruli em-
piristebi, Cven fenomenologebi unda gavxdeT. cdis prin-
cipi rom bolomde davicvaT, bekonisgan gansxvavebuli gaza
unda movnaxoT: davkiTxoT uSualod sagnebi TavianT TviT-
mocemulobebSi. ver davemyarebiT cdis ganyenebiT (induq-
ciiT da deduqciiT) miRebul monacemebs. Cven ar SegviZlia
winamZRvrad vigulvoT rame maCvenebeli. e.i unda gavTavi-
sufldeT yovelgvari wanamZvrebisagan. es meToduri skef-
sisi gamoiyena dekartem da miiRo ueWveli debuleba `vaz-
rovneb, maSasadame varsebob~. dekartesagan gansxvavebiT,
huserli moiTxovs realobis msjelobisagan radikalur
TavSekavebas (Epohe).
`bunebrivi ganwyoba~ myari fiqsirebuli ganwyobaa,
romelic grZeldeba bunebrivi faqtiuri arsebebis mTel
manZilze. es isaa, rac kognituri operaciebis uwinaresad

71
mocemuli `yofierebis~ codnas emyareba. aq da exla moce-
mulobis ueWvelobis sazrisi winaswar aris nagulisxmevi.
am sazrisis saxelia `kauzaloba~, mizez-Sedegobrivi kav-
Sirebis sayovelTaoba. es `sazrisi~ miRebulia ukritikod,
dogmaturad. esaa bunebrivi ganwyobis did wanamZRvari da
`generaluri Tezisi~. sworad am Teziss emyarebian poziti-
uri mecnierebani.
Cven rogorc moazrovne filosofosebma swored es
didi crurwmena unda gavfantoT, kritikuli ganxilvis
Temad vaqcioT bunebrivi ganwyobis generaluri Tezisi.
pirveli nabiji unda iyos bunebrivi ganwyobis generaluri
Tezisis `brWyalebSi Casma~ anu misgan Tavis Sekaveba. am op-
eracias uwoda huserlma berZnul sityva Epohe.
`epoqe~ operaciaa, romlis ZaliTac xdeba Cveni gafi-
losofoseba. anu faqtitetidan amoyvinTvaa, Cven vTavi-
sufdebiT `faqtebis~ tyveobisagn. epoqe emansipaciuri,
ganmTavisuflebeli ileTia.
bunebriv ganwyobaSi Cven naivurad, uzrunvelad vcxov-
robT aRqmasa da gancdaSi mocemul garemoSi. epoqeTi Tavi
SevikaveT samyaros faqtiurobis, namdvilobis mtkiceb-
ulebisagan. ki ar uaryvyofT an veWvobT (rogorc dekarte),
aramed saerTod Tavs vikavebT namdvilobis Sesaxeb yovel-
gvari bWobisagan. bunebrivi ganwyobis generaluri Tezisi
antiTezisiT ki ar CavanacvloT, radikalur skepticizmSi
ki ar gadavinacvleT, aramed saerTod SevaCereT am tipis
msjeloba da gamovTiSeT yovelgvar Sesabamisi interesi.
gamoricxva-epoqes mimarTulebiT ise Rrmad mivdivarT,
ramdenadac es aucilebelia im Tvalsazrisis mosapove-
blad, rom cnobierebas Tavis TavSi aqvs sakuTrivi arse-
boba, romelsac epoqe ver Seexeba. rCeba fenomenur naS-
TTa principulad Taviseburi regioni, axali mecnirebis, _
fenomenologiis veli.
amiT mivaRwieT imas, rom nacvlad naivur aqtTa ganx-
orcielebisa, cnobierebis aqtividan amovrTeT, SevaCereT
yvela faqtiuri viTareba; Zaladakargulad vaqcieT yvela

72
pozitiuri mecnierebis monacemi, saerTod kulturis yve-
la konstruqti. Cven aRar vsargeblobT e.i. aqtiurad aRar
gvaqvs msvlelobis areSi. Cven amiT araferi dagvikargavs,
mopovebiT ki movipoveT mTeli absolituri arsi. nacvlad
aRqmisa da gancdis naivuri aqtebisa, Cven axla vcxovrobT
absolutur gancdaTa usasrulo velze.
sagnobrivobis yovel saxes Tavisi specifikuri TviTmo-
cemulobis (evidenciis) saxe aqvs. huserlTan cnobierebis
namdvili cxovrebis niSania sicxadis gancda radikaluri
refleqsis pirobebSi (kakabaZe 1985 : 118).
cnobierebis namdvili sicocxle mdgomareobs mis srul
aqtiur-aqtiT intensivobaSi, axal intenciaTa, SesaZle-
blobaTa aRmoCena-gamomJRavnebis procesSi. erTi rome-
lime intenciis gafetiSeba iwvevs cnobierebis sicocxlis
Seferxebas.
yoveli aqtualuri cda yovelTvis garemoculia Ses-
aZleblobebis horizontiT, huserli mas `inaqtualobaTa
mediums~ uwodebs. sworad am nagulisxmevi faruli Sesa-
Zleblobebis gamomJRavnebaSia sicocxliT savse sicocxle.
`nivTi~ arasdros gaxdeba yovelmxriv aRqmuli, amitom
is arasodes ar aris samudamod dadgenili. yoveli nivTo-
brivi yovelTvis Seicavs SesaZleblobas aRqmuli iqnes sxva
perspeqtivaSi; yoveli eqplikaciis aqtiT uaxlovdebiT ar-
sebulis yovelmxriv arsebas, Tumca verasodes ver mivaRw-
evT mas.
meToduri miTiTeba winaswar arafers ambobs rogoria
momavali perspeqtiva. gaxsna xdeba nabij-nabij, `ideireba~
gancdis aqtSi gamoavlens pirveladi telosis sazriss, ro-
melic winaswar ar gvaqvs da arc aris erTmniSvnelovnad
dadgenili da TviT aqtSi dgindeba Tu vlindeba, ro-
gorc wminda aqtualoba. wminda aqtualurobaSi samyaro
samyaroobs cnobierebis koleraciul TviTCenaSi, TviT-
gamorkvevaSi.
Tu Cven Tanmimdevrulad mivyvebiT huserlis gzas, aR-

73
movaCenT, rom yvelaferi is, rac nivTobriv samyaroSia
mocemuli, mxolod saalbaTo, savaraudo da SemTxveviTi
sinamdivlea. ar arsebobs samyaros gamocdilebidan miRe-
buli arc erTi sabuTi, romelic samyaros arsebobis utyu-
arobaSi dagvajerebda. SesaZlebelia isec moxdes, rom ga-
mocdilebis Semdgomma cdam gamoamJRavnos wina gamocdile-
biT dadgenilis siyalbe; gvauwyos, rom wina dajerebuloba
mxolod iluzia, halucinacia, zmanebiTi samyaro yofila,
rogorc es SeemTxva oidiposs, romelmac SeZrwunebulma
aRmoaCina, rom is Tebes mefe da oikastes qmari ki ar aris,
aramed sruliad sxva viTarebis sinamdviles ekuTvnis.
SemTxveviTobis samyaros Tezas, huserli upirispirebs
wminda cnobierebis `aucilebeli~ samyaros Tezas. nivTo-
brivi sferos SemTxveviTobis sapirispirod, cnobierebis
Sinagani me-s gancdis arsSi mocemulia refleqsiis Sesa-
Zlebloba, rogorc absoluturi sicxadis qaraqteri. Ses-
aZloa cnobierebis Sinagani refleqsiebi iyos warmosax-
viTi fiqciebi, gamogonili molandebebi, magram TviTon
gamomgonebeli cnobiereba ar aris gamogonebuli.
huselis mier gakvleuli gziT Tu wavalT, unda Sev-
ZloT istoriis usasrulo noematuri sazrisis CarTva sas-
rul cnobierebaSi.
`ideebi~ sxva araferia Tu ara cnobierebis ukve ganx-
orcielebuli an gansaxorcielebeli aqtebis invariantuli
qvalitetebi. amitom maT ar gaaCniaT arseboba miRmur Tu
saiqio samyaroSi. istoriis noematuri sazrsisis total-
uri restavracia, aseTi ram SesaZlebelic rom iyos, ro-
gorc Cans, iseve moaxdenda Sinagani istoriis paralizebas,
rogorc radikaluri SeuZlebloba yovelgvari restavra-
ciisa. (Jak derida 1996: 175)

74
 $ 12. hermenevtikis universaluri proeqtebis
meTodika da teqnologia
`Cven gaCuqebT zekacs~

fridrix nicSe

hermenevtikis universaluri proeqtebis mizania mec-

nierul-teqnikuri tipis industriidan gadavides su-
lis industriaze. kacma Tavis TavSi unda Seqmnas zekaci,
amisaTvis ki man, fizikuri `atomuri energetikidan~ suli-
er `atomur energetikaze~ gadasvla unda SeZlos, suli-
eri energiebis gamomuSaveba unda iswavlos. am proeqtebma sa-
myaros unda `aCuqos zekaci~ anu `Tvisobrivad axali adami-
ani. haidegerisa da sxva mkvlevarTa mier miTiTebulia, rom
yvelaze Rrma azri (`uZirod Rrma azri~) nicSesTan aris
`maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis~ idea, igive `hermenevtikuli
wre~. es aris sulier gardasaxvaTa (inkarnaciaTa) uwyveti,
magram daxSuli wre. metemfsiqozis nicSeseul ganaxlebas
emyareba dilTais meTodi da zekacis damzadebis mTeli su-
perteqnologia.
oSo _ am superteqnologiis gavleniani praqtikosi da
propagandisti _ amtkicebs, rom esaa `TviT qristes meTo-
di~ _ erTjeradi da erTaderTi cxovrebis meToduri idea.
qriste, budaze da platonze nakleb rodi icnobda `mara-
diuli kvlavdabrunebis~ wres. man ra Tqma unda icoda, rom
suli mravalgzis ibadeba, magram metemfsiqozis ukugdeba
iyo meTodologiuri nabiji. amiT monaniebas (kaTarziss)
ufro meti siRrme da Zala mieca (oSo 1994: 131); iqca ada-
mianis arsebis energetikuli koncentrirebis meTodad.
indusebs SeuZliaT izarmacon, arsad ar eCqarebaT, maT
ar dasWirdebodaT saaTi, is maTTvis ucxo elementia. oSos
azriT, saaTi qristianebs unda gamoegonebinaT, raTa Ta-
vidan aecilebinaT saxvaliod gadadeba. `xval yovelTvis

75
gvianaa~. iCqareT, kaTarzisi, meditacia; dro ar iTmens,
arafris gadadeba ar SeiZleba. `dro xvalis gareSea~ (ka-
miu), dro xom RirebulebaTa kriteriumia, `dro fulia~ (b.
franklini) _ esaa `kapitalizmis gonis~ formula.
marqsi, nicSe da froidi Tvlidnen, rom Tu adamiani
ganTavisufldeba `kapitalizmis sulisagan~, maSin mis `ar-
sobriv Zalebs~ gaexsneba gza. es iqneba Terapia. zekacis
mqadagebelTa mixedviT, adamianma bolomde arasodes ar
icis Tavisi arsebiTi tendenciebi da SesaZleblobebi, ami-
tom mas sCvevia gzis acdena da gzidan gadaxveva Tavisda
SeumCnevlad. amitom saWiroa `ukan dabruneba eklesiis ma-
maTa gavliT berZnebisaken, CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken,
formulebidan formebisaken~.
nicSe ambobda: `me veZebdi samyaros esTetikur gamarTle-
bas da aRmovaCine, rom es SesaZloa maradiuli kvlavdab-
runebis gzaze gabeduli moZraobiT~. am meTodiT fizikosi
iqceva istorikosad, warsulis mpyrobelad. zekaci xom,
nicSes sityviT, aris `wris kaci~, `wris meoxi~.
zekacis dro, Tavisi arsiT, warsulia. ratomaa mara-
diuli kvlavdabrunebis wre `sasicocxlo wre~ (sicocxlis
cirkulacia)? warsuli ar aris `ukan~, e.i. ar aris daxar-
juli da dakarguli, aramed winaa, kvlav modis, momavalia.
igi versad wagviva, xelidan ver dagvisxlteba; arsebobs
SesaZlebloba, rom igi movipovoT da vfloT analogiu-
rad imisa, rogorc movipovebT da vflobT wiaRiseul da
sxva bunebriv resursebs. dro ki aRar batonobs Cvenze, ar-
amed Cven vbatonobT droze; droTa cirkulacias vakon-
trolebT.
bergsonma `sulieri xsovna~ ganmarta rogorc Semoq-
medi fantazia, romelSic subieqti uSualod Wvrets Tavi-
sive warsul realobas. araadamianuri Zalisxmevaa saWiro,
raTa adamianSi amgvari intuicia-xsovna amoZravdes. isic
sul ramodenime wami SeiZleba gagrZeldes. `samagierod
Cvens azrebs sakmao energias aZlevs~, inteleqts saSualeba

76
eZleva es energia Seinaxos, gaaxangrZlivos Tavis TavSi, ise
daastruqturos, rom ara marto Tavisi TavisaTvis, aramed
sxvisTvisac gasagebi da gadasacemi gaxados. `magram male
igrZnobs am energiis moklebas... aseTi energetikuli uk-
marisobis SemTxvevaSi axali intuiciaa saWiro, romelic
SesaZloa kvlav ganmeordes~.
SeniSnulia, rom adamianis xsovnaSi gamavali samyarouli
energiebis retrospeqtuli `Tvalis midevnebis~, aTvlis, eqs-
tensiuri danawilebisa da naturalur-cikluri restavra-
ciis prustiseul meTods bevri saerTo aqvs sicocxlis
hermenevtikasTan. prusts surda `dakarguli drois~ mo-
qceva esTetikur WvretaSi. igi fiqrobda, rom gancdis
araxaniereba da efemeruloba SeiZleba gaxanierdes, gax-
angrZlivdes TviT `maradisobis aspeqtSiac ganivrcos~ Tu
moxerxda Soreuli mogonebisa da uSualo SegrZnebis Sexame-
ba.
prustma gviCvena, rom `drois ganuyofeli atomebi~,
sinamdvileSi rTuli samyaroebi arian, romelnic auracx-
eli raodenobis adamianuri mimarTebebisagan Sedgebian; Ta-
vis mxriv maTac usasrulod SeuZliaT danawevreba (morua
1968:231).
yoveli sicocxliseuli movlena xelaxla xedvas
moiTxovs. erTjeradi aqti kvlav SeiZleba ganmeordes us-
asrulod mravaljer. es imas niSnavs, rom amqveyniuri arse-
bobis intensivobis xarisxi usasrulo zrdas eqvemdebareba
da gansazRvravs sulis imqveyniur bedsac.
aseTia gancdis aqtisadmi usasrulo kvlavmobrunebis
meqanizmi. es meqanizmi sakuTar Tavze iRebs im funqcias, ra-
sac qristianoba `sulis xsnas~ uwodebs. sicocxle rogorc
mTeli, maradiuli gameorebaa. aqedan sicocxlis impera-
tivi: ganicade ise, rom gsurdes Seni gancdis maradiuli
gameoreba.
energetikuli hermenevtikis meTodologia SeiZleba
daxasiaTdes, rogorc wminda filosofiuri qarizmatizmi.

77
esaa spontanuri qarizmatizmis sistematizeba da dafuZneba
`regularul istoriul qarizmatizmad~.
aq unda aRiniSnos, rom dilTaiseuli `transpoziciis
meTodi~ Sevsebadia kirkegoris `identifikaciis meTodiT~.
es ukanaskneli iZleva hermenevtikuli gagebis meqanizmis
Zalzed zust aRweras.
kirkegoris mixedviT `pozitiuri religiuroba~ miiRwe-
va avtonomiuri qarizmatuli azrovnebis gziTac. man SeimuSava
`mzeris Semotrialebis~, `mzeris marTvis~ meTodi, romelsac
Tanamedrove hermenevtikaSi ewodeba `absoluturi iden-
tifikaciis meTodi~. esaa qristes horizontSi realuri
Sesvla, mociqulad realuri gaxdoma. kirkegoris idealia
qristes TviTmxilveli, uSualod mis mier xeldasxmuli
mociquli. mxolod mociquli SeiZleba iyos konkretulad
namdvili qristiani, suliwmindis xarizmis matarebeli ada-
miani.
naRdi qristianuli azrovneba aris apostoluri saaz-
rovno gamocdilebis gaSinaganeba. es ki istoriuli pre-
horizontisa da gamkvirveblis horizontTa gadakveTas da
sabolood srul Serwymas gulisxmobs.
yoveli sasruli intuicia SemosazRvrulia Tavisi aw-
myos sazRvrebiT, e.i. misi xedvis SesaZleblobebi SezRudu-
lia. amas ewodeba `hermenevtikuli situacia~. gadameri
ambobs: `situaciis cneba arsebiTad Seicavs horizontis
cnebas. horizonti xedvis velia, romelic moicavs yove-
live imas, risi danaxvac SeiZleba romelime punqtidan~.
(gadameri 1988 : 116) moazrovne cnobierebasTan mimarTebaSi
hermenevtikosebi laparakoben horizontis siviwroveze, mis
SesaZlo gafarTovebasa da axali horizontebis gaxsnaze.
`hermenevtikis universaluri proeqti~ kirkegori-
seul variantSi aris mociqulad gaxdomis teqnologia.
rogor gavxde mociquli? amisaTvis saWiroa apostoluri
gancdebis gagebas mivaRwio. gageba yovelTvis aris ganc-
daTa xedva, xolo gancdis xedva SesaZlebelia mxolod sa-
kuTari gancdis xedvis safuZvelze. amaSia gagebis siZnele.

78
 kirkegoris eqsistencialuri meditaciis arsi SemdegSia:
azrismieri gadasaxleba specifikur evangeliur hermenevti-
kul situaciaSi, raTa miaRwio qristesSobis sasicocxlo
zonis uSualo gagebas, intuiciur komunikacias. unda mox-
des azris identifikacia mociqulTa, magdalinelis, mezveres,
lazares da sxva uSualo TviTmxilvelTa da TanamedroveTa
goniT-emociur aqtebTan, mentalitetTan da gancdaTa wyo-
basTan. esaa mzeris konteqsturi varireba qristes Taname-
drove `gagebiT situaciebSi~. madls anu qarizmul ener-
giebs ver movipovebT Tu ar davemyareT TviT sasicocxlo
mimarTebebis uSualo analizebs, Tu uSualod ar vwvdiT
mis pirvelwyaros e.i. pirvelmRvdels ar gavecaniT `dedan-
Si~. unda moxerxdes am `wyaros~ yoveldRiurobaSi uSualo
Tanayofnis da Tanagancdis miRweva. Tu aseTi `arsTaWvretis
aqti~ erTxel ganxorcielda, maSin energetikuli komuni-
kaciis regularul qarizmatizmad gardaqmna SesaZlebe-
lia. `nawiliT vimecnebT mTels, mTeliT nawils~. qristes
pirvelmosvlis gagebiT vimecnebT mis meored mosvlasac.
gageba _ ambobs gadameri _ sxva araferia Tu ara erTi
SexedviT Tavis TavSi Caketili istoriuli horizontebis
urTierTSerwymis procesi. roca interpretatorTa isto-
riuli horizontebi identificirebulia pirvelqristianu-
li Temis horizontSi, xdeba am horizontTa imgvari daax-
loveba, rom erTad aRebulni warmoqmnian erT did Sinaganad
moZrav universalur horizonts _ `sinamdvileSi arsebobs
mxolod erTaderTi horizonti, romelic moicavs Cveni cno-
bierebis mTel istoriul siRrmes~. (gadameri 1988 : 116)
goniTi gagebis universalobis Tezisis safuZvelze
erTeuli energetikuli aqtiT xdeba mTeli universumis,
`msoflio energiis~ wvdoma. erTi gonidan erTiani goni-
saken; mTeli erTeuls gvatyobinebs, xolo erTeulis goni
erTianobis gons _ es hermenevtikis ZiriTadi kanonia.
aseTia sicocxlis intuiciis praqsisi.

79
 $ 13. sulismecnierebaTa faruli
pozitivizmi

`erTdrouloba sulismecnierebaSi igive

rols asrulebs, rasac bunebismecnierebebSi
eqsperimentis gameorebadoba~
iurgen habermasi

iurgen habermasma sicocxlis hermenevtikaSi faruli

pozitivizmi gamoavlina. dilTais `sulismecnierebebSi~
(Geisteswissenschaften) mTlianad, xolo huserliseul `eide-
tur intuiciaSi~ nawilobriv, SenarCunebulia romantikuli
hermenevtikis reproduqciuli gancdis koncefcia. pirve-
ladi gancdis mudam xelaxla gamoZaxebadi aqtualizacia
iTvisebs ucxo da Soreuli kulturebis energiebs.
ganmmartebeli saganTan virtualur TanamedroveobaSi
anu erTdroulobaSi unda Cadges. aq Tavs iCens istoriuli
samyaros pozitivisturi gageba. pirveladi sicocxlis uki-
degano nakadis originalSi Casaxleba, subieqtis gancdis
Canacvlebadobas gulisxmobs. reproduqciuli gancda fiq-
tiuri erTdroulobis sibrtyeze xdeba.
habermasi cdilobs aCvenos, rom obieqtivaciis bunebism-
etyveluri modeli dilTais gadaaqvs sulismecnierebebze.
sulismecnierebebSi SemuSavebuli gagebis procedureb-
Si gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs teqstSi gadasaxlebisa
da Casaxlebis operacias Tavisive sasicocxlo samyaroSi,
yofiT enaSi; misi cxovrebis odesRac qmediT praqtikaSi.
habermasi (pirsze, plesnerze da sxva avtorebze damyare-
biT) eWvobs, rom SesaZlebeli iyos yofiTi enis `marTvadi
cirkulacia~. yofiTi ena sakuTari Tavis metaenaa. mas Seu-
Zlia araverbaluri eqspresiis mravalferovani formebis
gamoyeneba. amitom `gageba ara grZnobis aRdgeniT, aramed
sulieri obieqtivaciis rekonstruqciiT sruldeba~ (haber-
masi 2013 : 145). maSasadame, gageba Seqmnilis tiraJirebas

80
xelaxla konstruirebas, gasagebis, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas,
klonirebas awarmoebs.
habermasis mier Catarebula pozitivisturi da her-
menevtikuli Teoriebis SedarebiTma analizma gamoavlina
am TeoriaTa monaTesaoba arsebiT punqtebSi. man aCvena, rom
romantikuli hermenevtikis gagebis meTodi, pozitivizmis
induqciuri meTodis `kvazi-induqciuri nairsaxeobaa~. her-
menevtikuli winaswarwvdoma da gagebis wriuloba yofiTi
enis Ria sistemaSi manipulirebs droebiTi sainterpreta-
cio sqemiT, romliTac winaswargansazRvrulia sainterpre-
tacio moRvaweobis Sedegi. hermenevtikuli cda miiswraf-
vis pirveladi gancdis empiriuli Sinaarsi aRweros da am-
denad empiriuli analizis daniSnulebasac asrulebs.
habermasis diagramaSi dilTais reproduqviuli ganc-
dis modeli dakvirvebis (verifikaciis) modelis eqvivalen-
tia; empiristebis dakvirvebac da sicocxlis hermenevtikis
reproduqciuli gancdac WeSmaritebis aslis Teoriis kri-
teriumebs akmayofileben. WeSmaritebis aslis Teoriis per-
speqtivaSi ganxiluli hermenevtika avlens mis mier viTom
daZleuli obieqtizmisa da pozitivizmis kvlavdabrunebis
safrTxes. habermass surs gviCvenos, rom `obieqtivizmis
tradiciis zewola dilTaisTan jer kidev Zlieria ... ver
axerxebs Tavi daaRwios damoukidebeli damkvirveblis mod-
elze reduqcias~ (habermasi 2013 : 178). tradiciisgan nas-
esxebma sainterpretacios sqemebma hermenevtika swor gzas
aacdina. hermenevtikosi sxvisi subieqturobis mdgomareoba-
Si CasaxlebiTa da reproduqciiT axdens sakuTari Tvisebis
(identobis) ugulebelyofas; `yovlisgagebis genialuroba~
sicocxlis universalur nakadSi TviTdanTqmiT amTavrebs.
TviTon habermasis azriT, namdvili `gageba komunikaciuri
gamocdilebaa~. komunikaciuri qmedebis Teoriis fargleb-
Si ganmmartebelica da partnioric konteqstis momentebi
xdebian da amgvarad afuZneben gagebisaTvis aucilebel Ria
intesubieqturobis SesaZleblobebs.

81
 habermasma Segvaxsena da gagvafrTxila, rom hermen-
vtika yoveldRiurobis interpretaciuli moRvaweobis
mecnieruli formaa. teqstebis hermenevtikul dakiTxvasa
da bunebis eqsperimetul kvlevas saeWvod bevri saerTo
aqvT. ganmartebis xelovneba sinamdvileSi romantikul
saburvelSi SeniRbuli warmoebis, kontrolisa da Zalau-
flebis formaa da sinamdvilis teqnikuri kontrolis per-
speqtiviT xelmZRvanelobs. is mimarTulia urTierTgagebis
intersubieqturi velis gaxsnaze da SenarCunebaze.
Cveni TemisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom habermasma si-
cocxlis hermenevtikaSi axali pozitivizmis winaistoriis
dasawyisi dainaxa.

$ 14. humanoidis vinaoba. eTikur-esTetikuri

anTropologia
`xsnis universaluri kosmiuri pragmatika
aris yovelgvari religiuri racionalizmis
Sinaarsi~
maqs veberi

vin aris humanoidi? esaa adamiani, romelic sabolood

darwmunda, rom mecniereba uZluria daukmayofilos um-
Tavresi interesi: sad iyo Sobamde da sad wava sikvdilis
Semdeg; uZluria mouxsnas diskomforti, rac mas sulis
ukvdavebisa da xsnis problemebis mougvareblobis Sedegad
eqmneba.
am daskvnamde mividnen sulier daavadebaTa mkvleva-
rebi: z. froidi da k. iaspersi; agreTve didi fizikosebi:
a. ainStaini, v. haizenbergi, b. raseli da sxvebi. aman isini
humanoidis qadagebad aqcia.
humanoidi aris ara ubralod adamiani, aramed `adami-
anuri adamiani~ (`homo humanus~). ratom aris aucilebeli,

82
rom `adamiani~ gadalaxos `adamianurma adamianma~?
`adamianis~ ZiriTadi niSani isaa, rom igi gadaiqca man-
qanis funqciad da amitom manqanis nawiliviT Secvladia.
manqanad qcevis simptomi ki yvela sferoSi SeiWra. apara-
tizirebulsa da teqnokratiul instancias damorCilebul
arsebas gauCnda sicocxlis temperaturis dawevisa da gan-
elebis gancda. dRis wesrigSi dadga `gancdaTa velis~ en-
ergetikuli uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi.
sicocxlis energia sxvadasxva ZaliTa da xarisxiT
vlindeba sxvadasxva doneze. sicocxle umaRlesi doziTa
da zarisxiT vlindeba sulieri Semoqmedis anu `humanoi-
dis~ sicocxlis saxiT.
humanoids esaWiroeba SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis gancda.
amitom man uaryo fizikur-qimiuri mecnierebis univer-
salizmi da SeimuSava gonebis gafarTovebuli cneba. poz-
itivistur-naturalistur msoflmxedvelobas SeebrZola
humanitaruli msoflmxedveloba. mTel msoflioSi aRiZ-
ra mZlavri antiteqnicisturi moZraoba.: `fizikosebisa~
da `lirikosebis~ konfrontacia iyo humanoidis brZola
adamian-manqanasTan. mecnierebis rehumanizebis formulad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos ainStainis ganacxadi: `me dostoevskim
meti momca, vidre gausma~. amiT gamoiTqva eTikuris primati
codnis sistemaSi. es formula ganavrco v. haizenbergmac:
`wminda azrovneba cdilobs Seicnos samyaros faruli har-
monia... sadac mecniereba da xelovneba aRarc ki ganirCevi-
an erTmaneTisagan~. humanoidis msoflmxedvelobam eTikur-
esTetikuri anTropologiis saxe miiRo; samyaros, rogorc
meqanizms, daupirispirda samyaro, rogorc organizmi. es
iyo tradiciuli mecnierebis dasasruli da energetikuli
bruni sulieri praqsisisken, aratradiciuli religiuri
racionalizmisaken, romelsac maqs veberma uwoda `xsnis
universaluri kosmiuri pragmatika~. kacma ganaviTara ma-
terialuri mecniereba da daipyro buneba; xolo humanoid-
zekacma ganaviTara sulieri mecniereba da gaxda sulTba-

83
toni, sulieri energiebis mewarme. humanoidma SeaCera `ev-
ropeli adamianis biologiuri rasis gadaSeneba~ (nicSe). man
Tavi daaRwia avtomatur da monotonur-meqanikur ritms da
gancdiT velSi SeimuSava SegrZnebaTa da STabeWdilebaTa
sul ufro mzardi da axal-axali nakadebi.

84
 Tavi III. didi kombinatori.
TamaSis hermenevtika
`yvelaferi iRebs teqnologiuri TamaSis saxes~

herbert markuze

$ 14. TamaSis hermenevtikuli mniSvneloba

hermenevtikis energetikuli paradigma misi gaSlis meo-

re etapze aris TamaSis hermenevtika, Sesabamisad _ meore
Taobis zekaci didi kombinatoria. humanoidis am memkvidres
aRar surs iyos teqnokratiuli reJimis muSa da jariskaci,
magram arc istoriuli universumis arqivariusoba akmayo-
filebs. misTvis `humanoidi~ aris nekropolisis (mkvdarTa
qalaqis) momsaxure personali. zekacTa axalTaobis herak-
litizmi humanoids eubneba: `nekropolisis basilevsobas
funqciobis tendenciebiT TamaSi mirCevniao~. TamaSis her-
menevtika aRar aris istoriopraqsisi, igi ufro futuro-
praqsisia.
iohan hozingam Semoitana termini `Homo Ludens~ _
moTamaSe adamiani. mxolod adamiani TamSobs am sityvis sa-
kuTrivi azriT, iseve rogorc mxolod adamiani kvdeba am
sityvis sakuTriვi azriT. hoizinga wers: bavSvi `sakraluri
seriozulobiT TamaSobs, aseve sporstmenic, msaxiobic,
meviolinec.… SeiZleba Tu ara es xazi sakulto moeqmede-
bamde gavagrZeloT. Tu amas dauSvebT, maSin ritualis, ma-
giis, liturgiis, RvTiuri kurTxevis da misteriis cnebebi
erTianad moxvdebian TamaSis cnebis mniSvnelobis areSi~.
(hoizinga 2007 : 25). adamianuri saqmianobis yvela sferoSi
iCens Tavs TamaSis Ria an faruli formebi. mTeli kultura
TamaSidan da TamaSis formiT warmoiSva.

85
 klasikuri filosofiis gagebiT, TamaSi amaRlebuli
saqmianobaa, erTi realobidan sxva realobaSi gadasvlaa. es
idea ganaviTara kantma mxatvruli Semoqmedebis TeoriaSi.
ganmanaTleblobis epoqis hobi _ genialoba, warmosaxvis Za-
lis Tavisufali TamaSia. Silerma kacobriobis esTetikuri
aRzrda TamaSis saxiT warmoaidgina.
TamaSi yofierebis gamorCeuli wesia. Tamais mizani Ta-
vis TavSi aqvs da amdenad is TviTprezentaciaa. winaswar
ganusazRvreli Tavisufali improvizaciaa. me-18 saukune-
Si TamaSi, rogorc geniosis saqmianoba sayovelTao yur-
adRebis fokusSi moeqca. mxatvruli genia Tavisi qmnile-
bebiT axdens aRqmadobis aRzrdis, esTetikur gemovnebas
anviTarebs esTetikuri idealis srulyofilebamde. Tama-
Sis aseTi spiritualuri eqstremaluroba gansakuTrebuli
hermenevtikuli sazrisis matarebelia.
XX saukuneSi TamaSis arsis gagebaSi cvlilebebi Sein-
iSneba. TamaSi eqceva struqturis formatSi. am cvlilebis
aRsaniSnavad iqna Semotanili `teqnologiuri TamaSis~
cneba. valter beniaminis azriT, teqnikuri reproduqciis
epoqaSi, `avTenturobis kriteriumi~ mniSvnelobas kargavs.
ritualSi dafuZnebulobis adgils sxva praqtikebi ikave-
ben, is, rasac me-18 saukuneSi TamaS//genialobis cnebiT ic-
nobdnen, sruliad axali funqciiT warmogvidgeba. TamaSis
fenomeni TviTmiznur kombinirebaSi gadaizarda.

$ 15. absurdis gmiri

alber kamium TamaSis energetikosi sam paradigmaSi moaT-

avsa; esenia: don Juani, konkistadori da komedianti. isini
gancdaTa kombinirebiT moipoveben TamaSis ulev qariz-
matul Zalas; TamaSi auqmebs sazrisis saWiroebas; es ki
Tavis mxriv `istoriis~ cnebasac ufro gamoyenebads xdis.
aRar arsebobs erTi istoria, arseboben mravali istoriebi

86
da isinic wminda futurologiuri azriT.
kamiu ambobs: arsebobs wmindanis samyaro an absurdis
samyaro. `wmindanis samyaros~ unda hqondes pasuxi SekiTx-
vaze: saidan movida (Sobamde sad iyo) da sad wava sikvdilis
Semdeg. Tanamedrove samyaro principulad uars gveubneba
pasuxi gagvces am kiTxvaze. maSasadame, dro, romelSic vcxov-
robT aris absurduli, e.i. iseTi, raSic yvelaze mTavaria
gaugebari.
ra daskvnebi gamomdinareobs absurdis fundamenturi
faqtidan?
absurdis pirvelaRmomCenma filosofosebma misgan swori
daskvnebi ver gamoiatanes. yvelam misgan gaqceva anu `fi-
losofiuri TviTmkvleloba~ SemogvTavaza. kamius ukve
ainteresebs ara `filosofiuri TviTmkvleloba~, aramed
TviTmkvlelobis logika, rogorc aseTi. absurdi marTla
Sinaganad moiTxovs TviTmkvlelobas? iqneb sicocxlis fa-
ruli wyaro imaleba masSi? `is rasac me absurdSi arsebi-
Tad vTvli _ ambobs kamiu _ aris ganxeTqileba, dapirisp-
ireba~. absurdi ar mdgomareobs cal-calke arc erT Ses-
adarebel mxareSi, igi TviT Sedarebis meoxebiT warmoiS-
veba. absurdi samyaroSi an adamianSi ki ar aris, aramed maT
SeerTebul prezenciaSia (kamiu 1942 : 50). es TviTcxadi anu
intuiciuri mocemulobaa. ra daskvna gamomdinareobs aqe-
dan? uSualo mocemuloba amave dros meToduri wesic aris.
`absurdis problema, rom gadavWra, unda SevinarCuno misi
daunawevrebloba da erTianoba~. am erTianobas ki qmnis am-
boxis eqsistenciali. aq ukve aris energetikuli paradigmis
axali Sre da axali Taobis zekaci, _ meamboxe adamiani, siz-
ife, absurdis gmiri.
amboxi absurdis birTvi da Sinagani energetikuli wy-
aroa. `es absurdia!~ igivea rac `es SeuZlebelia~, `me amas
ver Sevurigdebi!~ (kamiu 1942 : 49). adamiani aris erTaderTi
Senaqmni, romelic uars ambobs, iyos is, rac aris. mas aqvs
`ara~-s Tqmis unari. absurds imdenad aqvs azri, ramdena-

87
dac masTan TanxmobaSi yofna arasgziT ar SeiZleba. e.i. aR-
moCnda, rom absurds hqonia Tavisi Sinagani sazrisi, misi
mosmena da gageba unda viswavloT.
amboxde es igivea, rom icxovro da rac SeiZleba meti
intensivobiT (vivre le plus), anu `qvantitetis eTikiT~. `meti
cxovreba, kargi cxovrebis nacvlad, raodenoba Tvisobrivo-
bis nacvlad~. ase cxovroben don Juani, konkistadori da
komedianti _ sami ZiriTadi arqetipi didi kombinatorisa.
TviTmkvleloba aris daTmoba, danebeba, gaqceva. absur-
di amas ar gvaswavlis. absurdis gmirs sikvdilisa da Zilis
ufleba ara aqvs. maqsimaluri, miwyiv xelaxali, yovelwam-
ieri cnobiereba, sifxizlea misi xvedri. amboxi aris ada-
mianis mudmivi konfrontacia sakuTar situaciasTan. cno-
bierebis es metafizikuri protesti mTels gamocdilebaze
vrceldeba. igi aintensiurebs da ukiduresad Zabavs yvela
Jinsa da vnebas. am ukidures mobilizebasa da daZabuloba-
Si absurdis gmiri gaugonari mondomebiTaa dakavSirebuli
imedis fenomenTan.
`mxsnelis imedi~ Cemive cxovrebis tvirTmZimobas mar-
Tmevs. `absurdi RmerTs ki ar gamoricxavs, mia logikas
RmerTTan ar mivyavarT~ (kamiu 1962 : 63) absurdi gveub-
neba, rom Cven TviTon sakuTar Tavze aviRoT Cveni wilx-
vdomili bedis simZime. sizife dausruleblad ubrundeba
Tavis lods da misi simZimis Zala masSic gadmodis.
ramdenad aris amboxebuli adamianis sizifes Sroma sak-
marisi energetikuli TviTsafuZveli? gavixsenoT ra situ-
aciaSia absurdSi CarTuli eqsistenci? esaa droiToba,
romlis wiaRSic momxdaria raRac temporaluri katastro-
fa. droiTi struqtura afeTqebulia. drois sami eqstazi-
dan ori _ warsuli da momavali _ gamqralia. sizifes ergo
`dro xvalis gareSe~. Sesabamisad `imedi~ da `molodini~
yrud iketebian. sizifes xelTaa mxolod SiSveli intuicia:
`yvelafrisadmi naTelmxilveluri gulgriloba garda si-
cocxlis wminda alisa~ (kamiu 1962 : 81).

88
 esaa sikvdilmisjilis intuicia. `ukve daTvlili
wamebis~ gabevrebis teqnologia. aseTia situacia. sizifes
SemTxvevaSi metafizikuri caitnotis mdgomareoba imdenad
ukiduresia, rom yvelaferi dagvianebuli Cans. yvela dro
ukve gasulia; msoflio istoria ukve damTavrebulia. igi
aRar SeiZleba gagrZeldes. metic, araviTari istoria aRar
arsebobs. iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom tragedia ukve
damTavrebulia da yvelaferi xdeba dasasrulis Semdeg. ka-
miuseul sizifes saiqioSi vxedavT, sizife ukve mkvdaria;
igi jojoxeTSi Sromobs... amdenad, amboxi SemoTavazebuli
msoflmxedvelobis safuZvlis saxiT principuli daukmayo-
fileblobis STabeWdilebas tovebs.

$ 16. humanitarul mecnierebaTa arqeologia

`arqeologia Cveni religiaa~

mirCe eliade

hermenevtikis energetikuli paradigmis pirvel wreSi,

dilTais mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, zekacma miiRo `istor-
ikosis~ kvadlifikacia. igi warsulis mmarTveli da TviT-
mxilveli gaxda. miSel fkukom hermenevtika gansazRvra,
rogorc `humanitarul mecnierebaTa arqeologia~. es praq-
tikuli istoriuli mecniereba warsulis nivTieri masalis
mosapoveblad awarmoebs arqeologiur gaTxrebs, romelsac
win uZRvis meToduri dazverva, prognozireba da eqsperi-
mentireba. mopovebuli masalis qronologizebis, klasifi-
kaciis, daSifvrisa da restavracia-konservaciis Semdeg
arqeologiuri Zeglebi kulturis energetikul wyarod
iqcevian. adamianuri gamocdilebis sacavidan sulieri Ri-
rebulebebis mopoveba da gamoyeneba gaxda sulieri indus-

89
triis wamyvani dargi. masSi gamoxatuleba hpova bunebisa
da gonismecnierebaTa sinTezis tendenciam, xolo mTeli
Tanamedrove kultura ganisazRvra, rogorc `arqeologi-
uri kultura~. arqeologiur teqnologiebSi didi adgili
daikava eleqtromagniturma, radiokarbonulma da statis-
tikur-kombinatorulma meTodebma.
franguli struqturalizmi hermenevtikis energeti-
kul paradigmaSi meore wris organizaciul formebs qm-
nis. fuko da levi-strosi amuSaveben istoriuli ganWvre-
tis (reflexion historique) meTods, rac sxva araferia Tu ara
pirvelyofili metyvelebis gageba. istoriuli refleqsiis
meTodiT misawvdomi xdeba `energetikul RirebulebaTa
wyaro~. fuko da misi skola dilTaisa da bergsonis mier
moxdenili `meToduri gadatrialebis~ arc Tu ise Soreuli
Sedegi da gagrZelebaa. struqturalizmma sistemuri saxe
misca `dakarguli drois Ziebis~ tradicias.
fukos meTodi gulisxmobs warsulis fenebis arqeolo-
giur dazvervas. ra mizniT? Tanamedrove adamians aRar surs
iyos samkvidromoklebuli. kulturis memkvidreobis miRe-
ba ki niSnavs kulturis `teqstebis~ axali kuTxiT Sexedvas,
Sefasebas da gadafasebas, myari awmyos (savse intuiciuri
aqtebis) mopovebas da momavali ganviTarebis gzebis Ziebas.
fukom Semoitana gagebis signatoruli anu miniSnebiTi
meTodi. saganTa msgavsebani maT zedapirzea moniSnuli. amo-
canaa: uxilavi analogiebis samefoSi xiluli niSnebis gziT
SeRweva. fukos mixedviT, XX saukuneSi droebiT gawyda _
gaqra fena, sadac dausruleblad jvaredindeboda xiluli
niSani da uxilavi arsi. ai, es fena unda aRdges.
Sua saukuneebis mentalitetisaTvis signatura RvTis
miniSnebaa saganTa farul arsze. esaa erTgvari saidumlo
kodi, romlis amocnobaSi xdeba adamianis arsis kultur-
ologiuri evolucia, progresi, ganviTareba, misi arsebis
katarzisi. amitomaa, rom arqeologia, Zvelis swavleba,
adamianis Sesaxeb mecnierebaTa (axali drois anTropolo-

90
giis) Sesavali.
signaturis sinonimuri cnebebia: qaraqteri, Sifri,
ieroglifi. arsebiTi analogiebis farglebSi iSleba msgav-
sebaTa TamaSi. `Tanamedrove epistemes sfero~, fukos war-
moudgenia, rogorc sami ganzomilebis mqone `tevadi da xs-
nili sivrce~. es ki Zalzed hgavs begsoniseul sicocxlis
energetikul rezervuars.
amgvari `arqeologia~ arsebiTad enaTesaveba froi-
diseul metafsiqologias; oriveni qvecnobieris niSnebis,
ieroglifebisa da simboloebis daSifvras cdiloben; cdi-
loben `dastruqturebuli~ wesrigi Seitanon adamianis su-
lis siRrmiseul sacavSi. froidTan `igi~-s sfero sulTa
qaoss waagavs. `humanitaruli arqeologia~ da fsiqoanali-
tika swored am qvecnobieri siRrmeebidan gamoixmoben per-
sonificirebul `qaraqterebs~ da maT diskursul damuSave-
bas awarmoeben. am SemTxvevaSi fsiqopraqsisi kulturo-
praqsissa da sociopraqsis erwymis.
mirCe eliades erTi personaJi acxadebs: `arqeolo-
gia Cveni religiaa~. `religare~ kavSiri anu komunikaciaa.
igive avtori `energetikuli paradigmis~ farglebSi gai-
azrebs `faSisturi miTokratiuli sublimaciis~ cnebas.
igi mogviTxrobs Tu mesame raixis mesveurni rogor cdi-
lobdnen daemzadebinaT zesaidumlo zeiaraRi. erT-erTi
SesaZlo varianti gulisxmobda graalis Tasis arqeologiur
mopovebas. `okultur mecnierebaTa akademia~ cdilobda
Seeqmna zebunebrivi, eqstrasensoruli `sulieri atomuri
bombi~, romliTac raixsveri gaxdeboda uZleveli armia. aq
laparakia imis SesaZleblobaze, rom moxdes superenergiis
ritualur-simboluri modelireba da Sesabamisi inJinruli
konstruireba. `humanitarul arqeologias~ SeuZlia miznad
daisaxos misteriuli kavSirgabmulobis sakomunikacio
kvanZis Seqmna. es iqneba Taviseburi satelefono aparati,
romliTac SesaZlo gaxdeba `RmerTTan laparaki~.
mokled, daSvebulia humanitaruli arqeologiuri mec-

91
nierebis gamoyeneba samxedro-politikur energetikaSi. aseve
SeiZleba misi samSvidobo mizniT moxmareba, anu gadaqceva
sulis industriis wamyvan dargad. humanitarul mecniere-
baTa arqeologia energetikuli hermenevtikaa Tavisi ar-
sebiTi mizandasaxulobiT. yovel SemTxvevaSi aseTi unda
gaxdes misi Semqmnelis CanafiqriT.

$ 17. konceptualuri karkasis miTi

`me vebrZvi am miTs~

karl poperi

`energetikuli paradigma~ Taviseburad iSifreba karl

poperis `modelTa Sejibrebis~ meTodSi. aqaa meore Tao-
bis zenkaci; igi `msoflmxedvelobaTa elastiurobis prin-
cipiT~ xelmZRvanelobs. masSi mTavaria `falsifikaciis
operacia~. hipoTeza, romelic falsifikaciisaTvis miuwv-
domelia e.i. Semowmebas ar eqvemdebareba, xels ar uwyobs
codnis zrdas.
Cveni drois inteleqtualur cxovrebaSi _ ambobs po-
peri _ gansakuTrebul gangaSs iwvevs, amJamad gavrcele-
buli iracionalizmis is forma, romlis arsebiTi elemen-
tia relativizmi. (poperi 1983: 148) relativizmi poperis
ganmartebiT aris moZRvreba, romlis mixedviTac WeS-
mariteba dakavSirebulia amaTu im konceptualur karkas-
Tan. Sesabamisad WeSmariteba SeiZleba Seicvalos Tu igi
erTi karkasidan meoreSi gadava. es moZRvreba amtkicebs
urTierTgagebis SeuZleblobas gansxvavebul kultura-
Ta, TaobaTa da istoriul periodTa Soris. Cemi Tezisis
mixedviT _ wers poperi _ relativizmis safuZvelSi Zevs,
is, rasac me davarqmev `konceptualuri karkasis miTs~

92
(poperi 1983 : 154).
am miTis mTavari maxasiaTebelia TviTdaxSuloba. misgan
transcendireba e.i. TviT `miTis~ Sexedva garedan SeuZle-
belia. amis sawinaaRmdegod _ wers poperi _ me vvaraudob,
rom SesaZlebelia sakmaod Rrma matranscendirebeli gage-
ba. amgvar gagebazea damokidebuli Cvens droSi kacobrio-
bis bedi. amdenad, gansaxilvel Temas praqtikuli mniSvn-
eloba aqvs.
`konceptualuri karkasis miTi~, poperis mixedviT, XIX
saukuneSi warmoiSva germaniaSi da farTod gavrcelda
amerikaSi. Tanamedrove adamianTa umetesobas cnobierad
Tu aracnobierad swams am miTisa. miTis Sinaarsi ori sity-
viT aseTia: racionaluri da nayofieri diskusia SeuZlebe-
lia Tu monawileebs ar gaaCniaT erTiani konceptualuri
karkasi, romelic agebuli iqneba monologikur principze.
es Secdomaa _ gvafrTxilebs poperi _ cdomilebaa, crur-
wmenaa, ramac SeiZleba daarRvios kacobriobis mentaluri
erTianoba da Zaladobamde migviyvanos.
poperis mixedviT, hegeli pirveli iyo ganmanaTle-
blobis filosofosTa Soris, vinc icavda `konceptualuri
karkasis miTs~. hegeliseburad WeSmariteba absoluturi-
caa da relatiuric. is relatiuria yoveli istoriuli
karkasisaTvis (`epoqaluri SezRudulobis~ cneba), magram
absoluturia TviT codnis sistema am `karkasTa~ Sesaxeb.
Cvens droSi _ ambobs poperi, _ cotas Tu izidavs hege-
lis pretenzia absolutur WeSmaritebaze, samagierod mis
mier SemuSavebuli `konceptualuri karkasis miTi~ jer
kidev poulobs momxreebs Tanamedrove adamianTa Soris.
Tanamedrove epistemologiaSi gavrcelebulia `enis
ontologiuri SefardebiTobis Tvalsazrisi~. am Teoriis
mixedviT, Cven vcxovrobT Tavisebur inteleqtualur sa-
tusaRoSi, romlis kedlebic naSenebia Cveni enis struqtu-
ruli wesebiT.

93
 poperi amtkicebs, rom amis gacnobierebas viwyebT
swored ucxo `karkasTan~ SejaxebiT, ris Sedegadac Cndeba
survili da SesaZlebloba kedelTa dangrevisa. Tu kedlebi
dairRva, Cven aRmovCndebiT axal karcerSi, oRond es iqneba
ufro farTo da komfortuli `karceri luqsi~. Tu kvlav
Segvawuxebs kedlebis siviwrove, kvlav unda davarRvioT
igi axal, ucxo karkasTan SejaxebiT, anu masTan raciona-
luri diskusiiT. amiT, erTi tipis mentalitets saSualeba
eZleva gadalaxos Tavisi Tavi, gadavides Tavis sazRvrebs
miRma.
adamianma ar unda dauSvas erT konceptualur karkasSi
anu sulier cixeSi Camwyvdeva. Cven ar SegviZlia gavTavisu-
fldeT, magram SegviZlia gavafarTovoT Cveni wilxvedri
sapatimro. aseTia platoniseuli gamoqvabulis miTis pope-
riseuli paradigma.
`konceptualuri karkasi~ Sedgeba ara marto masSi gaba-
tonebuli Teoriisagan, aramed fsiqologiuri da social-
uri faqtorebisagan. gabatonebuli Teoria CairTavs sagan-
Ta xedvisa da cxovrebis wess. xdeba Teoriis indoqtrina-
cia. aseTi karkasi misi mimdevrebis socalur kavSirad yal-
ibdeba da ideologiur xasiaTs iZens. misi ganxorcielebaa
`Caketili sazogadoeba~.
poperis terminebiT Ria racionalizmis idealia `TviT-
kritikuli miTi~, romelic `Ria sazogadoebaSi~ realizde-
ba. Tu `konceptualur karkasis miTis~ mixedviT raciona-
luri diskusia SeuZlebelia erTiani karkasis miRma, aq ukve,
misi sapirispiro principi muSaobs: nayofieri diskusia Seu-
Zlebelia erTiani konceptualuri karkasis farglebSi.
popers mohyavs yvelaze radikaluri magaliTi. igi
Segvaxsenebs erT ambavs herodotes istoriidan. sparsTa
mefe darios I-ma Semdegnairad moaxdina `konceptualuri
karkasis miTis~ demonstrireba. xelmwifem daibara ori qve-
Sevrdomi xalxis brZenni; erTni gardacvlil mSobelTa

94
kanibalizmis adaTs icavdnen; xolo meoreni, micvalebulTa
kremacias moweseobdnen. xelisufali did honorars Sehpir-
da kanibalebs, Tu ki, isini kremacionistebi gaxdebodnen.
aRelvebuli kanibalebi evedrnen darioss: `nu mogvTxovT
mkrexelobas~. dariosma maTi TandaswrebiT igive honorari
SeaZlia kremacionalistebs, Tu isini kanibalni gaxdebod-
nen da pasuxic igive miiRo.
aq SeuZlebeli iyo nayofieri diskusia, radgan kon-
frontaciis ukidures SemTxvevasTan gvqonda saqme. magramo,
_ ambobs poperi _ gana marTlac unayofo iyo dariosis
mier gaTamaSebuli ori karkasis konfrontacia? SeuZlebe-
lia daeWveba imaSi, rom mefis gamocdas ukvalod ar Cauv-
lia. orive mxire Rrmad iqna SeZruli. am `istoriis mamis~
mier gadmocemulma gakveTilma, Cven yvelani ufro yur-
adRebianni gagvxada.
poperi ayenebs nayofieri konfrontaciis ideas. Sei-
Zleba igi arc damTavrdes TanxmobiT, magram gana yovelTvis
saWiroa sruli Tanxmoba? popers Tanamedrove epistemeSi
Semoaqvs uTanxmoebis pozitiuri sazrisi. `Cveni civili-
zacia _ ambobs poperi _ `ramdenadac igi racionaluri civ-
ilizaciaa~, mxolod gansxvavebul konceptualur karkasTa
Sejaxebis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos, xolo `Sejaxebis~ fundamen-
turi formaa `kritikuli sdiskusia~.
Talesma `Teogoniis~ logikuri kritikiT Seqmna axali
miTi wyalarxes Sesaxeb; igive gziT anaqsimandrem moipova
axali miTi apeironis Sesaxeb. yoveli Taoba axdenda win-
amorbedTa radikalur revizias. ase Camoyalibda kritiku-
li tradicia. swored amgvari miTidan miTze gadasvla aris
mecnieruli meTodi. `Cemi Tvalsazrisi _ ambobs poperi _
aris morigi miTi, oRond universaluri horizontiT~. dis-
kusiaSi warmateba ar niSnavs mxareTa unitarizebas, aramed
poziciebSi cvalebadobis demonstrirebaa, amas ki uzarmaz-
ari energetikuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
komunikacia erTi romelime kliSes mixedviT (Tundac es

95
iyos `dasavluri ideologiis~ kliSeebi), gacilebiT serio-
zuli damabrkolebelia adamianTa mentaluri evoluciisa,
vidre nebismieri distancia enebs, logikebsa da kulturebs
Soris.

$ 18. miTebis miTologia

`SeiZleba Tu ara TviT miTis miTologiis
dawera? rogorc Cans, SeiZleba~

rolan barti

Tanamedrove hermenevtikul situacias gamoxataven fu-

turologiuri traqtatebi. TamaSis hermenevtika `post~–
suliskveTebiTaa gaSlili da swored problematikis `post-
TanamedroveobiT~ ainteresebs mkiTxvels. misi ZiriTadi
kiTxvaa: `ra SeiZleba iyos kacobriobis istoriis dasaru-
lis Semedg?~
bartis azriT, `cnobiereba mxolod miTSi cxovrobs~.
yoveli epoqa aris gansxvavebuli kombinaciiT gaTamaSebu-
li miTi. `Cven veZiebT Tu ra miTosia Cvens Tavs.~ amJamad
yvela epoqis miTi ukve gaTamaSebulia; msoflio istoria
ukve damTavrebulia. ra SeiZleba iyos istoriis dasasru-
lis Semdeg? mxolod gancdaTa TamaSi da ritual-moTamaSe
gancda. yvela dro gasulia, amitom igi dro ki aRar aris,
aramed `metadroa~.
`rodesac moxdeba cnobierebis Cveuli formis gato-
taluroba _ wers bartis erT-erTi mimdevari _ da amasTan
erTad, TamaSi totalurad gardaiqmneba arsebobis wesad
(jer-jerobiT es sakmaod Soreuli, Tumca ukve SesamCn-
evi mdgomareobaa), Seicvleba adamianis mun-yofierebac...
Tanamedrove adamianis cnobierebis struqtura Semdegi
xdeba: meta-Sinaarsi-meta-forma, anu meta-rituali-meta-

96
samyaro~. es upirveles yovlisa niSnavs, imas, rom cno-
biereba `ganeyeneba arsebobas, yofnas scildeba mas, yofi-
erebis gareT gadis~ (TevzaZe 1993 : 28).
azri cdilobs winaswar moiniSnos is, `rac iqneba dro-
Ta Semdgom~, e.i. mas Semdgom `roca ukve aRar iqneba dro~.
kacobriobis yoveli Semdegi nabiji iqneba an arsebobis
sruli uaryofa, an adamianuri kondiciis TandaTanobiT
daSoreba. am ori variantidan romels miecema upiratesoba
es arc aris saintereso.
apokalipsi, romelic aRar aris saintereso?! saidan
modis zekacis esodeni gulgriloba sakuTari apokalip-
sisadmi? adamians gansazRvravda sami metafizikuri kiTx-
vaa _ saidan movedi? ra azri aqvs Cems aq yofnas? sad wa-
val sikvdilis Semdeg? Seqspiriseuli sibrZne am punqtSi
awydeboda principuo siZneleebs. hamleti ambobs:
`gana es bolo sanatreli ar unda iyos?
movspoT sicocxle ... daviZinoT…... rom daviZinoT,
mere sizmrad iq vnaxavT rasme? ... Zneli es aris,
ar viciT maSin ra sizmrebi mogvevlineba,
ros sikvdilis Zils mivecemiT~...
zekacma swored es `siZnele~ daZlia. mas droni ki ar
aTamaSeben, aramed TviTon droebiT TamaSobs dausruleb-
el metaTamaSs. metadro STabeWdilebaTa TviTTamaSia. cno-
biereba monadiris geSiT misdevs im nakvalevs, rac TviT
missave SidasivrceSi dautovebia msoflio kulturis am-
bebs. amas im faruli imediT akeTebs, rom `dasasrulis Sem-
deg~ swored is `ambebi~ daesizmreba, Tanac nebismier kom-
binaciaSi. meta-dro `didi kombinatoris~ sarbieli iqneba.
miTis miTologiebi samzadisia saiqio sizmrisaTvis. zekaci
postadamianuri eSmakobiT zrunavs Tavis momaval maradi-
ul sizmarze. igi sakombinacio elementebs igrovebs.

97
 $ 19. supermeni
„iqneb ukve mzad varT postadamianur moma-
valSi Sesasvlead, sadac teqnologiebi saSu-
alebas mogvcems TanadaTan SevcvaloT Cveni
arsi~

frensis fukuiama

xalxuri fantazia yovelTvis qmnida miTs supermenze,

romlis Zalebi aRemateba Cveulebriv adamianur zomebs.
amas adasturebs miTosis istoria herakledan vidre Taname-
drove stereofilmebisa da komiqsebis piter penamde da
hari poteramde. jer kidev ludvig foerbaxma SeniSna, rom
amgvari arsebis Zalebi imdenad zebunebrivad ki ar war-
mogvidgeba, ramdenadac adamianis bunebriv arsobriv ZalTa
gasagnebas warmoadgens.
industriuli sazogadoebis adamians awuxebs yru tkivi-
li sakuTari teqnikuri ganviTarebis winaSe uZlurebis
gamo. es damamcirebeli uZlureba mas aavadebs arasrul-
fasovnebis kompleqsiT da aqcevs gandidebis maniiT Sepy-
robil cxovelad (a.adleri).
supermeni dedamiwaze moxvedrili ucxoplanetelia,
romelsac aRmoaCndeba uCveulo monacemebi. SeuZlia frena
sinaTlis sxivis siCqariT, SeuZlia telepatiuri da eqstra-
sensoruli komunikacia, gadaadgileba sxva samyaroebSi,
Soreul galaqtikebSic ki. mas aqvs zesmena, zeSegrZneba,
zexedva da a.S.
amdenad saSualo adamians aqvs SesaZlebloba sakuTar
farul survilebTan supermenis identifikaciisa, razec
aristotelec laparakobda `poetikaSi~. supermeni miTo-
genuri personaJis gamokveTil niSnebs atarebs. u.ekos da-
kvirvebiT, Tanamedrove supermeni arsebiTad gansxvavdeba
rogorc arqauli miTosis, aseve gamocxadebis religiebis
personaJebisagan. berZnuli miTosis personaJebica da bib-
98
liuri figurebic moZraoben winaswarganzraxuli erTiani
matricis farglebSi. es gamoxatulia renesasnis xelovne-
baSi, miTosuri da bibliuri siuJetebis mxatvrul xorc-
SesxmaSi.
Tanamedrove supermens, arqaulis sapirispirod, axa-
siaTebs winaswarganusazRvreloba. supermenis ambavi ukve
momxdaros reprezentacia ki ar aris, aramed xdomilebaSive
moulodnelobis saxiT iCens xolme Tavs. amdenad super-
meni demiTizebulia, is tovebs miTis paradigmul garss da
metaparadigmaSi gadadis.
„mTxrobeli-parazitebi~ (u.ekos terminia) qmnian su-
permenis usasrulo serialebs; seriuli warmoebis produq-
ciis, kulturaluri saqonlis saxes aniWeben. supermenis
asakobrivi lokaciebi icvleba superbavSvis (superbeibi),
superbiWis (superboi) saxeebSi. supermenis metaparadigma
axdens warmosaxvis modelirebas, Seguebas gonebis Taname-
drove realobasTan, cvlis droiT struqturebs. seri-
alebi Tanamedrove cnobierebis diagramul formebSi qm-
nian ganmeorebadi da monacvle samyaroebs, romlebic ar
aRiwereba tradiciuli metafizikisa da logikis termineb-
Si. Sesabamisad Tanamedrove filosofiaca da xelovnebac
iZenen miToqmnadobis funqcias (eko 2007 : 192).
supermeni ar aris maradisobaSi yofnis modeli. is Ta-
vis auditorias Ziravs narativTa serialSi, sadac Txroba//
qmedeba wyvets nakadad yofnas, CamoSlis droiT kordi-
natebs da warmogvidgeba rogorc uZravi myofadi. super-
meni aris pedagogiuri instrumenti, romlis meSveobiTac
xorcieldeba drois parametrebis dekonstruqcia. aRsaniS-
navia, rom supermeni ar aris mxsneli, misi qmedebis areali
Semofarglulia mcire socialuri jgufiT da erTi megap-
olisiT.

99
 Tavi IV. miTis kacebi.
miTosuri hermenevtika
`1945 wlidan moyolebuli faSizmze daweril
wignebSi ufro mis istoriul mizezebzea yur-
adReba gadatanili, vidre ideologiis anal-
izze. amitomac maTSi Zalzed cotaa analizi~

barbara goSvin

$ 20. SesaZlebloba

civilizaciis gafurCqvnis xanaSic ki rCeba SesaZleblo-

ba, rom adamiani barbarosobasa da velurobas daubrundes.
amgvar `SesaZleblobas~ erTob seriozulad ekidebian ga-
moCenili swavlulebi, mTeli samecniero skolebi da kv-
leviTi centrebi evropasa da amerikaSi.
erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani filosofosi da fsiqolo-
gi karl iaspersi wers: `gamoricxuli ar aris, rom Cven
gvemuqreba kvlav qvis xanis adamianad gadaqcevis safrTxe,
kaciWamioba dRes aRar arebobs, samagierod arsebobs misi
xelaxali movlinebis SesaZlebloba~ (iaspersi 1991 : 73).
horkhaimeri da adorno am sakiTxs ganixilaven erTo-
bliv naSromSi _ `ganmanaTleblobis dialeqtika~(1947). am
marTlac SemaSfoTebeli wignSi dasmulia kiTxva: `nacvlad
imisa, rom WeSmaritad adamianuri mdgomareobisaTvis mieR-
wia, rad CaiZira kacobrioba axal barbarosobaSi, rad mieca
igi axali saxis sivelures?~ Cven vcdilobT CavwvdeT isto-
riis siRrmeebs, gavigoT, Tu saidan movdivarT, magram es
SeuZlebelia. erTaderTi, risi moxilvac Cven SegviZlia _
miTosia.
miTosis safuZvelia zepiri gadmocemaa dasabamze, ro-
melic iTxovs ambavis `rokviT ganfena~, miTosis gaTamaSeba
ritualSi warmoSobs `wmindas~ fenomens. grZneuli ceremo-
100
niali SemozRudavs alags, sadac wminda Zalebma unda iTa-
maSon. ritualis Sinaarsis mibaZviT xdeba aRwarmoeba, reaq-
tualizeba, xelaxali gaTamaSeba kosmiuri struqturebisa.
amaSia miTiuri grZneulebis arsi.
ganmanaTleblobis filosofiam gagebis miTosuri wa-
namZRvrebi crurwmenad gamoacxada. Semecnebis sawyisi
gaxda meTodologiuri eWvi, romelmac unda gawmindos az-
rovnebis veli tradiciis yovelgvari idoelbisagan. up-
irveles yovlisa, es exeba wminda werilisa da eklesiis
wminda gadmocemis avtoritets. istoriuli gadmocemis
mniSvnelobis uaryofas daupirispirda hermenevtika. haid-
egeris azriT, yofierebis sazrisis gageba emyareba gagebis
winare struqturebis gaxsnas. Tanamedrove hermenevtikam
scada, gagebis wanamZRvrebis (tradiciis) reabilitacia.
tradiciaSi unda ganxorcieldes gagebisa da ganmartebis
sazrisuli moZraoba. gadameris azriT, yvelaferi iqiTken
gvibiZgebs, rom `principialuri saxiT aRvadginoT hermenev-
tikaSi tradiciis momenti~ ((gadameri 1998:327). am aspeqtSi
hermenevtika aris coxali miTis gageba `aqtualuri awmyos
TvalsawierSi, romelic dRemde grZeldeba.8 amis magaliTia
`xatisa da saymos~ hierofaniuli (xatmCeni) msoflwesrigi.
esaa mamapapiseuli rwmena, romelic awesrigebs mTel eq-
sistencialur samyaros. saymo xatis mier aris dafuZneb-
uli dasabamier droSi. saymo zepirsityvier gadmocemaSi
cxovrobs gansxvavebiT `teqstSi cxovrebisagan~, romelSic
industriuli drois adamiani cxovrobs. `saymo~ adgilo-
brivi terminia da aRniSnavs uwyveti tradiciiT Sekrul
Tems, romlis Suagulia xati, salocavi; xatobebi, xalxuri
dReobebi. esaa xatobis xalxuri religia (kiknaZe 2016:10).
xalxuri religia Tanaarsebobs oTodoqsalur eklesia-
sTan. grigol robaqiZem yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas,
rom Cvenebur `xatobaSi~ araviTari suraTi, araviTari gamo-

8 am meTodiT zurab kinaZem gamoikvlia `aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTianeTis miTosur warmoadgenaTa sistema~ (1985).
101
saxuleba ar gvxvdeba. hierofania gamousaxvelia. dRemde
moqmedebs wesi, rom xatis ymad iniciaciis pirobaa naTlis-
Reba. mkvlevrebis azriT, qarTuli cocxali miTi preisto-
riuli warmarTuli religiis gadmonaSTi ki ar aris, ar-
amed qristianuli religiis `meoreuli paganizaciis~ Sede-
gia. `warmarTuli miTi (Tqmuleba) eklesiis nangrevebzea
daSenebuli~ (kiknaZe 2016 : 68).
arsebobs miTosis sxva simulakrebic, sadac ritualis
umaRlesi saxeobaa sisxliani msxverplSewirva. es bolo ma-
nipulaciaa, ris Sedegadac mzad aris gasulierebuli (an-
imizebuli) kosmosi da masSi TamaSiT CarTuli miTosuri
adamiani. Tanamedrove mecniereba kargad icnobs miTo-
sis teqnologias. miTebi iseve SeiZleba fabrikuli wesiT
damzaddes, rogorc mzaddeba atimuri yumbarebi da kos-
mosuri xomaldebi.
sisxliani msxvelSewirva aufasurebs `usisxlo msxver-
plSewirvis~ evqaristul saidumlos, romelSic Rvino da
puri uxilavad gadaiqceva qristes sisxlad da xorcad.
cocxali miTi eklesiur saidumlos ganixilavs zebune-
briv ZalebTan urTierTobaSi gonebis mier mofiqrebul
cbierebad, xrikad, barterul gacvlad.
sisxliani msxverpSewirvis ritualSi aRmocenebuli eg-
zotikuri Zalebis winaSe uferuldebian mimeturi xelovne-
bani. roca saberZneTSi miTosidan iSva logosi, dionisuri
xalxuri dResaswaulebidan, baqxanaliebidan iSva Teatri.
`tragedia~ xom `Txis simRera~-dan, Txisfexeba satirebis
dasidan warmosdgeba, romelic RvTaeba dionises axlda.
termini im dros gvaxsenebs, roca preTeatraluri karna-
val-misteria stiqiurad imarTeboda. dramatulma xeovne-
bam ki daxurul sivrceSi-TetronSi gadainacvla, sadac
scena da amfiTeatri gayofilia, scenaze ki niRbebi axdenen
gamosaxulebebis simulirebas.
Tu RvTaeba dionise, romelsac `Teatris RmerTsac~
uwodebdnen, kvlav dabrundeba Tanamedrove qalaqSi, is
Tanamedrove akademiuri Teatris scenaze sakuTari niR-
102
bebis pantomimas ar Seasrulebs. dasabamis mitinguri gan-
meoreba gandevnis mimezisis xelovnebas. samsaxiobo gar-
dasaxva saWiro aRar iqneba. dionisuri baqxanaliebi isev
quCaSi gaimarTeba. komediantebi da Soumenebi, ‘~xelovnebi
qurumebi~ usaqmod darCebian. rogorc odesRac drmatur-
giulma xelovnebam Seiwira xalxuri misteriebi, axla sa-
pirispiro ram moxdeba. misteriebis dabruneba Seiwiravs
Teatrs da saerTod xelovnebas.
politikuri miTi SeiZleba Semdegnairad `daamzadon~:
disidenti _ `araformali azrovnebaSi~ daiwyebs mtkicebas,
rom `oficialuri mecniereba~ xalxs umalavs saidumlo si-
brZnes. ratom? `aliansSia drakonul mTavrobasTan da mis
saidumlo policiasTan.~ aseTivea sekularuli civiliza-
ciis mTeli `legaluri~ kultura.
rogor davZlioT sekularuli kulturis msoflio ba-
tonoba? dasavluri azrovneba am sakiTxSi Rrma ganxeTq-
ilebas moucavs. XX saukunis meore naxevarSi qarTveli
disidentebi foqrobdnen, rom aris erTaderTi gza: iat-
akqveSa (aralegaluri, faruli, saidumlo) moRvaweoba. br-
Zolis am idumal gzas esaWiroeba Sesabamisi meTodika. saim-
isod SeiZleba gamoiyenon germaneli okultistis rudolf
Staineris `idumalebaTswavla~, faruli, idumali sibrZnis
xelovneba (ezoTerizmi).
Staineri qadagebda `momaval magiur (jadoqrul) epo-
qaze~, sadac SesaZlo gaxdeboda zemecnieruli, zemxatvru-
li da TviT zereligiuri komunikaciebi `aramiwier gonier
arsebebTan.~ isini istoriis sakvanZo punqtebSi erevian,
oRond ara uSualod, aramed farulad: dedamiwelTa Soris
amoirCeven romelime Zlier individs da saidumlo xeldas-
miT (iniciaciiT) aziareben kacTaTvis miuwvdomel sibrZnes.
amgvar `gandobils~ eZleva sagangebo (saidumlo) davaleba,
ekisreba `missia~, is xdeba gangebis rCeuli `missioneri~ an
`messia~.
Staineriseuli zekacis ideali savsebiT Seesabameba `mi-
Tis kacis~ miznebsa da ambiciebs. iwyeba praqtikuli varji-
Si: meditacia, telepatia, hipnozi, naTelmxilveloba ... da
miTis Txzva `eris sulier missiaze~.
Tanamedrove adamianis nerviuli sistema Zalze mgrZno-
103
biarea da advilad eqvemdebareba miTosur Cagonebasa da
TviTCagonebas. `mTeli msoflio kulturis industriis
filtriT iwmindeba~ (horkhaimeri, adorno 2014 :183). amis
Sedegia masebis motyueba, _ TiTqos garesamyaro virtual-
uri samyaros Tavisufali gagrZeleba iyos. kulturis indu-
stria iZulebulia ganuwyvetliv awarmoos axali efeqtebi.
miTi gadadis `moZraobaSi~: mitingi, gaficva, manifesta-
cia, piketi, SimSiloba ... memiTe xdeba `moZraobis patriar-
qi~. es ukve miTisqmnadobis ritualuri safexuria, romlis
bolo aqtia sisxliani msxvermlSewirva _ mTavari magiuri
rituali. misiT ikvreba cocxali miTis teqnologiuri cik-
li. Semoxazulia magiuri wre, sadac wminda rituali TamaS-
deba; gaxsnilia arqetipTa sivrce: `axali daviTi~, `meore
ilia~, `rogorc mosem~ ... miTosis erT-erTi niSania real-
uris sinkretizmi, araistoriuli cnobiereba: ar arsebobs
epoqebi, aramed maradiulad reinkarnirebadi (gardasax-
vadi) saxeebi totemTa da beladTa. amuSavebulia `eqstra-
sensoruli percefcia~ (aRqma) da Sesabamisi koleqtiuri
aracnobieri.

104
 $ 21. saidumlo energetika
(anTroposofia _ universaluri sulieri mecniereba)

`anTroposofiis cnebaSi igulismeba doqtor

rudolf Staineris mier dafuZnebuli meTo-
di zegrZnobadi samyaros zusti mecnieruli
kvlevisa~.
oto frenk-lundorfi

hermenevtikis energetikuli paradigmebis Tavise-

buri variaciaa anTroposofia, romelsac rudolf Stai-
neri `universalur sulier mecnierebas~ uwodebda. zeka-
cis damzadebis am praqtikulma teqnologiam moicva yvela
sulieri sfero: xelovneba, mecniereba, religia. agreTve
soflis meurneoba, medicina, aqriteqtura da socialuri
organizacia, pedagogika.
universaluri energetikuli anTropropraqsisis gziT
miRebuli zekaci arc asTamWvreteli humanidia da arc didi
kombinatori. mas ukve akisria idumali `sulieri misia~, am-
denad igi ukve misioneria anu zekaci-mesia, romelic `erT-
ganzomilebian adamianebs~ moevlina. calmxrivi racional-
izmia da fizikalizmiT dakninebuli kacobriobis metamor-
foza SeuZlia anTroposofias rogorc mxsnel mecnierebas.
swored mecnierebaa mxsneli. arc religia, arc xelovne-
ba, arc miTologia, arc raime sxva forma kulturisa am mi-
sias ver Seasrulebs. Tanamedroveobis Sesatyvisi kavSiri
sulier samyarosTan, mxolod mecniereba SeiZleba iyos.
anTroposofia `zusti da mkacri mecnierebis~ axal da umaR-
les saxeobas warmoadgens. mas igive mimarTeba aqvs suli-
eri energiebisadmi, rogorc bunebismetyvelebas grZnobad-
fizikuri energiebisadmi. anTroposofiam unda gadaWras is
sakiTxebi, ris winaSec fizikalisturi mecnierebani uZlur-
ni arian: saidan movediT? sad wavalT sikvdilis Semdeg? ra
azri aqvs Cveni arsebobis im periods, romelic moTavsebu-
lia Sobasa da sikvdils, dasasrulsa da dasawyiss Soris?
105
 miTosuri hermenevtikac TamaSis hermenevtikaa. masSi
energetikuli Zravis rols asrulebs rituali, grZneuli
ceremoniali, misteriebi. anTroposofiuli gnoziss miste-
riosofia udevs safuZvlad.
Staineris mixedviT adamiani rTul energosistemas war-
moadgens. damianis energetikuli struqtura Sriuli on-
tologiis principzea damyarebuli da Sedgeba oTxi Sris,
`sxeulis~ oTxi formisagan. am oTxi organizmidan mxolod
erTi, fizikuri sxeulia grZnobadi, sami danarCeni ze-
grZnobadi organizmebia.
adamianis arsis sqematuri modeli aseTia: 1 faqtori:
fizikuri organizmi (`mineraluri sxeuli~) Sedgeba grZno-
badi aRqmebisa da emociebis motoruli refleqsebisagan. II
faqtori: eTeruli sxeuli (`mcenareuli sxeuli~) Sedgeba
zegrZnobadi energiebisagan. esaa zemdgomi insancia, ro-
melic fizikuri organizmis TviTregulaciasa da TviTwar-
moqmnas warmarTavs. masTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli
mexsierebis funqcia. III faqtori: astraluri sxeuli, anu
samSvinveli Sinagani gancdebis sferoa. (aq Tavsdeba froi-
diseuli libiduri energetika) `cxoveluri sxeuli~ kos-
miuri grZnobadi cnobierebaa. uZvelesi droidan cnobilia
`astrologia~, mecniereba kosmosidan momdinare gansa-
kuTrebuyl Zalebze. astraluri anu varskvlavur-energet-
ikuli gancdebi zemoqmedeben (zogjer mTlianad moicaven)
adamianis sasicocxlo potencialze. IV faqtoria `me~ anu
ego _ adamianis arsebis birTvs, goniTi sulis uzenaesi
instancia. esaa zegoneba, super-mentaliteti, zemiwieri
qvaliteti.
mTeli es oTxSriuli energetikuli infrastruqtura,
energetikuli komunikaciis rTuli meqanizmi urTierT-
gardaqmnisa da urTierTgamsWvalvis principiT muSaobs.
`me~ da astrali kvebaven fizikur sxeuls, romelic didi
raodenobis energiebs xarjavs. Zilis dros eTerul Zrav-

106
Si xdeba energoresursebis Sevseba da oTxive Sris moRon-
iereba.
Sreebs Soris harmoniuli da sinqronuli mimarTebis
gamoxatulebaa janmrTeloba, xolo Sinagani harmoniis dar-
Rveva iwvevs dasneulebas, sulier da fizikur gadaxrebs,
rac vlindeba fizikuri sxeulis energetikul zonebSi. am
zonebze bioenergetikuli zemoqmedebis wyaobiT SeiZleba
diagnostika da Terapia adamianis arsisa. TerapiaSi gamoi-
yeneba agreTve mcenareuli stimulatorebi samkurnalo
evriTmia, biodinamikuri soflis meurneoba da kvebis reJi-
mi. sulier-mecnieruli kvlevis gamoyenebiTi dargebi igive
Sedegs miiReben sulier sferoSi, ra Sedegic hqonda qimiisa
da fizikis udidesi aRmoCenebis gamoyenebas. fizikalistu-
ri msoflmxedveloba gabatonda jer Teoriuli da Semdeg
praqtikuli aspeqtiT. amis moraluri da socialuri Sede-
gia sulier sayarosTan kavSiris gawyveta. esaa adamianis ar-
sis provocirebuli katastrofa, misi sulieri mkvleloba.
damianis gacocxlebis tolfasi iqneba sulier sayarosTan
kavSiris aRdgena.
Staineris azriT, sulieri komunikaciebis aRdgena ar
saWiroebs dabrunebas ukan winamecnieruli formebisaken.
Tanamedrove bunebismetyvelebis intensiuri ganviTareba
uzrunvelyofs mecnieruli cnobierebis im zomamade gan-
viTarebas, rom igi momwifdes sulier safexurze asasvle-
lad. e.i. eTikur-esTetikuri Sinaarsi iqnes Setanili TviT
mis arsSi. `mecnierebis arc erTi dargisaTvis, anTroposo-
fiis garda, moraluri Sinaarsi meTodis nawils ar war-
moadgens~. (Staineri 1994 : 116)
Stainerma SeimuSava sulieri energiebis mopvebisa da
gamoyenebis teqnika _ specialuri savarjiSoebis sistema.
`astralur-moraluri xasiaTis~ savarjiSoebia: koncentra-
cia, meditacia da cxovrebis Sinagani marTva `egos~-s in-
stanciidan. TviTmarTvis xelovnebas dauflebuli iseTi
Zalebis mflobeli xdeba, rom daculia yovelgvari ube-

107
durebis, avadmyofobisa da tanjvisagan. mas morCilebs
`materialuri sxeuli~ da amitomac SeuZlia Tavis sxeuls
sicocxlis unari gauxangrZlivos imden xans, ramdenic moe-
surveba. aseve SeuZlia miatovos es sxeuli, roca ki moi-
survebs.
sulieri kosmonavtika, TviTmarTvis teqnikas daufleb-
uli sulieri sxeuli iSviaTi caTmfreni aparatia. sulieri
aerodinamika TviT sxeulebrivi arsebobis periodSic aris
SesaZlebeli. mgvari `dinamikis~ gansakuTrebuli saxeobaa
sikvdili.
sikvdili yvelaze grandiozuli gancda _ mogzaurobaa
sulier samyaroSi. sikvdilis dawyebiTi aqtiT fizikur sx-
eulSi Caqreba energia, radgan mas gaeyreba sami sxva mkve-
bavi energo-faqtori (eTeri, astrali, ego). meore etapze
gamoeyofa daSretili `eTeruli sxeuli~. ego-astralis anu
TviTmoZravi naTelmxilavi mzeris winaSe gaiSleba univer-
saluri panorama; aRsruldeba sruli gnozisi; maradiuli
`me~ Seicnobs Tavis pirvelsamSoblos _ sulTa samefos.
`eTeruli sxeuli~, rogorc erTbaSi (mTlian-total-
uri) gancda _ mexsiereba arsebobis `miwieri periodisa~,
Sordeba ego-astrals, magram igi astralSi tovebs miwi-
eris analogiur gancdebs, romelTa dasakmayofileblad
am ganzomilebaSi ukve arc saamisod saWiro organoebia da
arc Sesabamisi obieqtebi. astrali iZulebulia `moxsnas~
is, rasac `wvis~ gancdebi axlavs (aqedan modis warmodge-
na jojoxeTis cecxlze). suli iwyebs sakuTari cxovrebis
ukugancdebs da bolos miuaxlovdeba dabadebis moments da
iqve ganibneva misi astraluri sxeulic.
rCeba oden `me~, wminda ego. `sulier samyaroSi~, igi
komunikacias amyarebs `adamianebze maRla mdgom sulier
arsebebTan~ da gardacvlilebTan, visTanac `miwier peri-
odSi~ urTierToba hqonia. esaa organoebis gareSe, wminda
cnobieri gamcdebi. sikvdilis Semdgom cxovrebaSi dgeba
momenti, rodesac ego kvlav dedamiwisken da gansxeulebi-

108
sken miizideba _ imosavs axal astralur sxeuls, Semdeg
eTerul sxeuls, bolos `gansakuTrebul sulier arsebas~
is mihyavs mSoblebTan, romlebic mas fizkur sxeuls aZ-
leven. esaa adamianis sulis gardasaxuleba _ reinkarnacia.
reinkarnaciebis ciklur ritms esqatologiuri daboloeba
eqneba momavalSi.
anTroposofia `metareligiuri~ mecnierebaa. Staineris
sityviT `yvela religiaSia WeS,ariteba, magram WeSmarite-
ba arc erTis kuTvnileba ar aris~. amave dros anTroso-
fia Tvlis, rom is aris `qristianuli mecniereba~, radgan
swored `ezoTerul-qristianuli~ centridan xdeba kaco-
briobis qristianuli evoluciis inspirireba.
fizikalsituri mecnierebani msoflios ganixilaven man-
qanis saxiT, Staineri mas organizmad ganixilavs. Tu samya-
ro organizmia, maSasadame masac aqvs ara marto fizikuri,
aramed astraluri organizmic, _ mexsiereba, sadac inaxavs
sakuTari gancdebis mogonebebs. am asamyarul mexsierebaSi
SeiZleba amovikiTxoT kosmosis mTeli evolucia. `dedami-
wis sulieri atmosfero~ da `msoflio eTeruli xsovnis~
universaluri rezervuari Zalzed hgavs `sicocxlis in-
tuiciis~ cnebebs, romlebsac dilTai da bergsoni iyeneben.
Sesaqmis gvirgvinia gonieri arsebaTa organizacia _ an-
gelosuri ierarqia. _ pirvelyofili adami samoTxeSi iyo
davanebuli. TandaTanobiT adamianebi am savanidan dedami-
waze daeSvnen. aqedan daiwyo RvTaebrivi proeqtiT miwieri
civilizaciebis evolucia. am evolucias warmarTavdnen
uzenaesi ierarqiebi (`zeciuri mRvdelmTavroba~ dionise
areopageli) `kacobriobis ufrosi maswavleblebi~.
angelosuri ieraqrqiis nawili luciferis winamZRolo-
biT aujanyda meufes. meamboxeTa ierarqia cdilobs saku-
Tari miznebiT warmarTos kacobriobis evolucia. isini
SeiWrnen `eTerul sxeulSi da sakuTar kontrols dauqvem-
debares es energetikuli kvanZi; amis Sedegad adamians war-
moudga samyaros damaxinjebuli xati: _ erTaderT realo-

109
bad miiCnia fizikuri realoba. fizikuri arsebobis Sewyve-
ta _ sikvdili dauZleveli SiSis mizezad eqca. swored es
SiSi iqca satanis mTavar iaraRad.
magram dedamiwaze civilizaciis evoluciis yvela
etapze asrebobdnen gansakuTrebuli energetikuli cen-
trebi da sulier samyarosTan sakomunikacio bazebi. maT
berZnebi misteriebs uwodebdnen. gaTamaSebuli procedu-
riT iSveba scre-wminda alagi, sadac adamianebs SeuZliaT
Sexvdnen sulier ierarqiebs. amisaTvis ki aucilebeli iyo
xangrZlivi mrvaletapobrivi gnozisuri gzis gavla mowaf-
is anu neofitis mier.
misti-ostati izolaciaSi gasuli neofotis eTerul
da astralur sxeulebs kaTarzisis safexurebs gaatarebda,
ganwmendis umaRles safexurze, xeldasmis (iniciaciis) mis-
teriaSi mowafis eTerul sxeuls gamoiyvanda fizikuri sxe-
ulidan da warmarTavda sulier samyaroSi. iq neofiti Sex-
vdeboda maRal ierarqiebs. mogzaurobidan (sulieri kos-
monavtikidan) ukan, fizikur sxeulSi brundeboda maTgan
davaleba (missia) mirebuli; neofiti xdeboda gandobil-
misioneri. xeldasmulni `maRali ierarqiebidan~ iRebdnen
miTiTebebs, rCeva-darigebebs da proeqtebs. aseTi `pro-
eqtebiT~ Seiqmna miTologia, religiebi, xelovneba, fi-
losofia, saxelmwifo da sameurneo sistemebi.
Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi kacobrioba Rrma
krizisSi Sevida. okultur sadgurebSi da centrebSi Ses-
ustda da TiTqmis sruliad moiSala komunikaciebi `arami-
wier gonier arsebebTan~, Sewyda xeldasmis uwyveti xazi.
katastrofa axlos iyo, kacobriobas emuqreboda lucife-
ruli ierarqiis monobaSi Cavardna. damonebis umTavresi da
zeZlieri iaraRi iyo sikvdili. am safrTxis asacileblad
saWiro Seiqmna TviT uzenaesi zeciuri ierarqiis piradi Ca-
reva. mas piradad unda gevlo sikvdilis karibWe da aRedgi-
na darRveuli komunikaciebi. sulieri kosmosis mwvervali-
dan inkarnida (gasxeulda) uzenaesi ierarqi, mas bernulad

110
`qriste~ hqvia, xolo sxvadasxva xalxTa misteriebSi sxva
saxelebi. CvenTvis, kacTaTvis da Cveni sicocxlis gainten-
siurebisaTvis zeSTa _ `me~ gansxeulda da adamianis ier-
saxiT 33 weliwadi icxovra palestinaSi.
ieso nazarevelma aRadgina xeldasmis xazi; misterial-
ur Zvel ritualSi axali Sinaarsi Cado da xeldasma Sina-
gan procesad aqcia. an miwaze datova sakuTari ierarqia
(`saeklesio mRvdelmTavroba¡~), misionerTa organizacia,
`ezoTeruli qristianoba~, faruli, iatakqveSa ordeni.
Staineris azriT, oficialuri qristianoba, _ mis sa-
mive msoflio fraqciaSi (kaTolikuri, protenstantuli,
marTlmadidebluri) garegnul kultadaa qceuli. Sinagani
energetikuli daniSnuleba dakarguli aqvs. amis dasturia
konfromizmi racionaluri civilizaciis legalur siste-
mebTan.
sulieri enrgetikis ZiriTadi niSania ezoTeruloba.
saidumlo energetikas aqvs usafrTxoebisa da moxmarebis
wesebis daxuruli reJimi; is unda inaxebodes mkacrad ga-
saidumloebul, hermentulad daxSul okulturi skoleb-
Si, Tavisebur saidumlo laboratoriebSi, polikninikebSi
da kosmodromebze. am saidumlos gaJonvam saamisod moum-
wifebel masebSi gamoiwvia atlantikuri civilizaciis
katastrofa.
Staineri wers: `Tanamedrove epoqis niSandoblioba is
gaxlavT, rom sul ufro da ufro meti adamiani hkargavs
unars Zilis dros urTierTdamokidebuleba daamyaros an-
gelozur ierarqiebTan~... `dadga epoqa, rodesac sulieri
ierarqia veRar axerxebs dakavSirbeas adamianis samSvil-
velTan~. (Staineri 1994 : 81) samSvinvelSi uxeSad iWrebian
fizikuri samyaros vibraciebi, bgerebi, cnebiTi mniSvnelo-
bebi, gamosaxulebebi, simboloebi da ganwyobebi _ samSvinve-
lis dabinZureba katastroful zRvars uaxlovdeba. `iz-
rdeba gaugebroba, disharmonia, qaosi~. es azri daJinebiT
meordeba Staineris yvela werilsa da leqciaSi. misi azriT

111
`es mdgomareoba daudga kacobriobis udides nawils XIX
saukunis ukanaskneli mesamedis dasawyisidan~.
Staineri aSuqebs Tanamedrove adamianis `metyvelebis
materializaciis sakiTxs~. mxolod fizikur planSi gamdin-
are informaciiT gadatvirtuli adamiani agresiuli xdeba:
ZilSi Tan gaiyolebs fizikur-miwieri samyaros sisina da
Rriala xmebs da manqanur guguns. adamiani iseT mdgomareo-
baSi inTqmeba, rom misi tvini da nervuli sistema ukidures-
ad daZabulia; teqnikuri samyaros xmauris gamudmebuli mw-
amebluri zemoqmedebis Sedegad igi SeSlis pirzea misuli.
aseTi katastrofuli fazidan adamianis gamoyvanis
erTaderT gzad Stainers miaCnia `mecnierebis analogiuri~
qarizmatuli intuicia. aseTi mxsneli vizionis tipur ni-
muSad Stainers miaCnia `teqnokrati funqcioneri~ savles
vizioni damaskos gzaze; ris Sedegadac igi gaxda pavle _
sulis energetikosi. pavlem moaxdina mistiuri informaci-
is instituireba; msoflio eklesiis organizaciuli, dog-
maturi da ritualuri safuZvlebis SeqmniT qristianoba
Seiyvana msoflio istoriaSi. istoriaSi gaxsna axali eoni.
Staineri Tvlis, rom sadReisod kacobrioba igive amoca-
nis zRurblze dgas. savleTa civilizacia unda daamxos da
gadalaxos paleTa civilizaciam.

$ 22. misteriaTa kulturis inaguratori

aq ganvixlilavT politikurad instituirebuli anTro-

sofiis erT-erT variants. igi Caisaxa komunisturi miTis
wiaRSi, rogorc anitikomunisturi politikuri miTosi. di-
sidenturi miTosi sazrdoobda industriuli sazogadoebis
siZulviliT da preindustriuli Temuri organizaciisadmi
dabrunebis tendencias gamoxatavda. es tendencia mudmivi
da ganuyreli Tanamgzavria postindustriuli sazogadoe-
bisa.

112
 misi amosavalia saidumlo, rogorc industriis sagani.
legalur teqnokratiul enrgetikas upirispirdeba ara-
legaluri, iatakqveSa, faruli anu ezoTeruli energeti-
ka, teqnokratiul institutebs _ biurokratia, policia,
armia, finasuri da ganaTlebis sitema, eklesia da sxva. _
igi clis ezoTeruli TemebiT anu religiur-politikuri
seqtebiT. miTokratiis erT-erTi modelia disidenturi
moZraobis istoria saqarTveloSi.
gasuli saukunis Sua xanebSi dedaqalaqis inteleq-
tualur elitaSi daiwyo aralegaluri anTroposofiuri
loJebis aRmoceneba. anTroposofiis Semswavleli mcire-
ricxovani wreebi ikribebodnen inteleqtualur ojaxebSi.
imarTeboda aTroposofiis propagandistuli saRamoebi,
leqciebi, seminarebi, seansebi. materializmiTa da anti-
religiuri ideologiiT mobezrebuli zeinteleqtualebi
spiritualizmis wyurvils iklavdnen. anTroposofias ze-
kacTa kastis xelmisawvdomi sulieri komfortis saxe hqon-
da. sxvaTa Soris, am wreebSi uxvad iyvnen mSvenieri sqesis
warmomadgenlebic.
am pirveli anTroposofiuri loJebis qarTvelma Segi-
drebma, neofitobis Cveuli pasiuri pozicia Zalzed male
Seicvales. Staineriseuli miTisa da ritualis nacional-
isturi arqetipizebebma moaxdines. imave loJebSi, anTrop-
osofiuri matricebiT SeiTxza axali qarTuli politikuri
miTosofia.
ase Seiqmna `gergianul-miqaeluri miTokratiis~ pirve-
li seqta. ase gaCndnen gandobilTa kastis pirveli ze-
kacebi. maT saTave unda daedoT axali `antikomunisturi~
samxedro-religiuri ordenisaTvis. SemdegSi mas erovnuli
moZraoba ewoda, xolo misi liderebi erovnuli moZraobis
patriarqebad iwodnen. es meore etapze moxda, roca miTo-
surma ritualma masiuri saxe miiRo. Canafiqris mixedviT,
am samxedro-religiur ordens unda saTave daedo kaco-
briobis evoluciis principulad axali etapisaTvis da gza

113
gaexsna zekacTa axali rasisaTvis, romlis amosavali iqne-
boda `iberiul-kavkasiuri rasa~.
cota ram TviT `georgianul-miqaeluri~ politikuri
miTis Teoriuli wyaroebis Sesaxeb.
qarTuli kulturis sxvadasxva mxatvrul-miTosuri
paradigmebi realur-politikur paradigmebad iqna miRe-
buli; jer aralegaluri seqtur-kasturi, xolo Semdeg
masiur-mitinguri ritualizebiT moxda maTi politikuri
misteriosofizeba. moZraobas safuZvlad daedo: `iniciaci-
uri sibrZnis ZiriTadi ideebi qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo
azrovnebisa da miTologiis damaxasiaTebeli formiT~,
romelsac `Zveli literaturTmcodneoba ikvlevda gare-
dan,~ xolo Tanamedrove medievtikosebma miznad daisax-
es `misi `Sinagani gacocxleba~, `misi Weltancshauung-is
restavrireba~ (gamsaxurdia 1991 : 21).
protoqarTuli modgmis WeSmaritebas amowmebs enaT-
mecniereba, mistika da miTosi. ioane-zosimes mistiuri
etiudi `qeba¡ da dideba¡ qarTulisa enisai~ imis dasturia,
rom qarTuli orTodoquli eklesiis wiaRSi moqmedebda
aralegaluri, arasajaro, ezoTeruli eklesia _ SiLentium
sacrum. am ezoTeruli eklesiis enaa qarTuli, `misteriaTa
kulturis inauguratori (gamsaxurdia 1990 : 88), qurumTa
modgma, mistTa, ezoTerikTa sakraluri ena. am enis meSveo-
biT kacobriobis religiuri elita kolxur misteriebze da
qristianobaze gavliT ukavSirdeboda totemul sawyisebs.
promeTe//amiranis miTologia gvidasturebs `fuZe-
enis~ mijaWvulobas kavkasionze. es imas niSnavs, rom `qa-
rTvelur xalxTa~ arena SemozRudulia, magram momavalSi
aRorZindeba da kvlav daibrunebs kacobriobis uzenaesi
Teurgis rols.
preistoriuli xanis iniciaciuri restavracia er-
Tian uwyvet miting-misteriadaSi ganxorcielda. mTavro-
bis sasaxlis moedani iqca misteriul iniciaciaTa kerad.
umartives alegoriul (`saxismetyvelebiT~) formulebSi da

114
simbolikaSi iqna akumulirebuli `zetemperaturis~ ener-
getikuli informacia: `Cveni moZraoba upirveles yovlisa
aris sulieri moZraoba.~ `Cveni moZraoba aris religiuri
moZraoba~ sul ufro xSirad da sul ufro xmamaRla gameo-
rebuli erTi da igive umartivesi formula iZenda sakral-
uri horizontis manaTobel Tvisebas.
`erovnuli moZraoba~ gaxda sakraluri xalxuri poli-
tikuri eposi, sadac lumpeni, autsaideri, umniSvnelo in-
dividi iqceoda mistad, qurumad, qadagad. ceremonialSi
xdeboda monawileTa gaqurumeba, gamRvdeleba, mRvdelTa
da qurumTa rasa mzaddeboda gansazRvruli mistagogiuri
programiT.
politikur mistagogias aqvs sruliad garkveuli sele-
qciuri mizani: profetuli da prefetuli mistebisa da
axali miTokratiuli arqitepebis damzadeba. aqac ganmsaz-
Rvreli energetikuli principia. teqnokratia iwvevs si-
cocxlis xarisxis dacemas; esaa SeTqmuleba sicocxlis
winaaRmdeg, evropeli adamianis va Tanamedrove adamianis
rasobriv gamojanmrTelebaze; yvelaferi unda gakeTdes,
raTa modunebuli, gakicxuli, dabeCavebuli, mixrwnileba-
Si gadamdgari sicocxlis mdore dineba (`monaTa morali~)
Sezanzardes Zlieri, aRmavali, janmrTeli, energiiT savse
`batonTa moraliT~. amisaTvis saWiroa riski, safrTxe,
`mkveTri SegrZnebebi~, arabunebrivi siTamame, SemarTeba,
gabeduleba, gmiroba, msxverpli mdore dinebis qariSxlise-
buri amoZraveba.

115
 $ 23. totemuri kompleqsi

`erTaderTi sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleboda

dasmuliyo da romelsac ar vsvamT, imis gage-
ba Tu ratom ar arsebobs totemizmi yvelgan~

kold levi-strosi

totemizmis Teoretikosebis mier SeniSnulia, rom XX

saukunis Teoriebi miTsa da religiaze SeiZleba ganvixiloT
rogorc erTiani `totemuri kompleqsi~. qarTul masalaze
dakvirvebas garkveuli mniSvneloba eqneba religiisa da
miTis zogadi TeoriisaTvis, romelic cdilobs mTliano-
baSi swvdes totemizmis arsebas. bevri hipoTeza miTisa da
ritualis spontanuri warmoSobis Sesaxeb, awmyoSi `cocx-
al miTSia~ Sesamowmebeli. savele anTropologis saxels
marto is ki ar imsaxurebs, vinc junglebSi pigmeebTan, an
polarul zonaSi eskimosebTan icxovra, aramed isic, vinc
Tanamedrove qalaqis miTologia ganicada da gaiazra.
totemis Teoriam lamis mTlianad moicva ara marto mi-
Tisa da religiis, aramed enisa da azrovnebis ufarToesi
sferoebi. totemizmi iseTive rangis cnebad iqna Seracxuli,
rogoricaa miTi, religia, kultura. totemuri kompleqsi
dakavSirebulia klanur organizaciasTan. totemizmi aris
cxovelis, mcenaris an nivTis Tayvaniscema, romelic kla-
nis rwmena-warmodgeniT miCneulia mis winaprad. sakmao xans
gabatonebuli iyo mosazreba, rom totemizmi qmnis veluri,
primitiuli `pirvelyofili azrovnebis~ Taviseburebas,
riTac is gansxavvdeba Tanamedrove azrovnebis wesisagan.
es iluzia gafantes foridisa da levi-strosis Sromebma.
aRmoCnda, rom arqaul da logikur azrovnebas Soris ar
arsebobs arsebiTi gansxvaveba. isini mxolod im `wyvetis~
gamoxatulebebia, romelic gaCnda adamiansa da bunebas So-
ris. froidma `totemi da tabu~-Si aCvena totemuri mamis,

116
rogorc idealis funqcia da saWiroeba ego-s formirebaSi.
sityva `totemi~ Crdilo-amerikel indielTa enidan
aRebuli sityvaa. niSnavs `Cemi modgmisa~. totemi mental-
uri konfiguraciaa, romelsac klani ise eqceva, rogorc
cocxals. kultis sagania dasabamieri arseba, romelmac
sawyisi misca klans. wina paragrafSi dawyebuli saubari
rom gavagrZeloT, XX saukunis bolos, saqarTveloSi aR-
mocenebul cocxal miTosSi mkafiod Cans totemizmis niS-
nebi. metic, is aRmocenda konceptualuri totemizmidan,
romlis mixedviT, saqarTvelo ezoTerul wiaRdasabams
iRebs `modgmis~ aprioridan, totemuri fuZe-enidan, pro-
to-qarTuli enidan, rac aris `pirdapiri naSTi kacobrio-
bis saerTo fuZe-enisa~ (gamsaxurdia 1990 : 70) `moZraoba~
rogorc klani, Tavis warmoSobas ukavSirebda anTropfo-
morful klanur RvTaebas, Tavisebur supermens, romelsac
`moZraobis patriarqs~, SemdgomSi `legendarul prezi-
dents~ uwodebda.
totemur sivrceSi aRmocenebuli klanebi SekavSire-
buli arian winamZRolis da winaparTa sulebTan spiritua-
luri kavSiris rwmeniT. amgvari `kavSiris~ formebia kon-
ceptualuri, sawes-Cveulebo da sqesobrivi totemizmi.
sqesobrivi totemizmis mniSvneloba imdenad didia, rom
zogierTi Teoriis mixedviT, totemimzi aris `fetiSizmi
plius egzogamia~. sqesobrivi totemizmi emyareba rwmena-
warmodgenebs, rom TiToeuli sqesobrivi jgufi ayalibebs
cocxal erTobas totemTan. amis dasturia cocxal miTSi
aRmocenebuli e.w. `mdedrioni~ _ prezidentis sasaxlis
win gamarTuli karvebis banakis mdedrobiTi klani. miTi
gacocxlebulia: mTavrobis sasaxlis moedanze TamaSdeba
baqxiuri misteria. moedani baqxebiTaa gadaWedili. eladaSi
baqxad iwodeboda siSmagis RvTaebis mimdevari yvela eqsta-
tiuri adamiani. aqvea am RvTaebis megobar qalTa dasi, maT
ewodebodaT Teadebi an meneadebi (giJebi). uecrad mTeli
krebuli aCurCuldeba: `evoe, evoe!.. (modis, modis!)~ kibee-

117
bs zemoT, TaRebis sibnelidan gamoCndeba apolonis winas-
warmetyveli. gaismis ovacia. aRgznebuli brbo orgaistul
eqstazs eZleva...
faqtebi TvalnaTliv mowmobs, rom Cvens winaSea primi-
tiuli religiis erT-erTi arsebiTi niSani. miTosuri ar-
sebisaTvis mTeli realoba (kosmiuri masStabiT) dasaxele-
bulia mtruli da megobruli sulieri ZalebiT. yvelgan
moqmedeben kosmiuri agentebi, avsulebi. am mavne sulebis
zemoqmedebisagan Tavis dacva mxolod ritual-SelocviT
SeiZleba.
karvebi mTavrobis sasaxlis moedanze, dedaqalaqis
SuagulSi, niSani momTabare epoqis; qalaqis (Polis-is) wi-
naaRmdegi misteriuli aqcia. aq erTmaneTSia areuli re-
inkarnaciis teqnika da magiuri rituali. garkveul rols
TamaSobs warmodgenebi pirveladi drois zekacze _ anTro-
genze, orsqesian miTiur arsebaze. masTan SeerTebis sur-
vils ufro Zlierad avlenda mdedrobiTi jgufi. `banakis
totemi~ _ stabilur sivrces pulobda swored `mdedrio-
nis~ fratriaSi. cocxali miTis ritualur sivrceSi moeq-
ca prezidentis sasaxle, qaSueTis eklesia da akademiuri
Teatri. polisi, Teatri, taZari. es gamokvlevas imsax-
urebs. toposur kods Zalian didi funqcia aqvs.
swrafva sawyisebisaken, sicocxlis usasrulo wiaRisak-
en moiTxovs sruliad sxva azrovnebaze gadawyobas da sa-
jaro sivrcis dauflebisaken miiswrafvis. `sajaro sivrce~
sekularizebulia. es is aris, rac berZnebisaTvis iyo poli-
si, romaelTaTvis respublika. cocxali miTisaTvis sajaro
sivrcis eqvivalentia Temuri sakraluri sivrce, romelmac
is unda Caanacvlos. miTosurad monusxuli msaebi cocx-
al miTs gardauvlad aqceven politikur miTad. ramdena-
dac `sajaro sivrce~ kulturis sivrceSi gadadis, cocx-
ali miTi dapirispirebaSia kulturis arsebiT formebTan
_ TeatrTan, eklesiasTan, filosofiasTan. pirvelsawyisi
Tavis uSualo gamoxatulebas ver ipovis Teatralur xe-

118
lovnebaSi. dramatul gaTamaSebaSi miTosi gadamuSavebulia
mimetur-kaTarzisuli teqnikiT. Teatri masebis ganjadoe-
bis formaa. emociuri samyaros xelovnuli kultivirebaa.
cocxali miTi dapirispirebaSi modis eklesiasTan. mi-
Tosisa da religiis mkacri gayofa Znelia. miTosuri el-
ementi yovelTvis axlavs religias, magram masze ar dai-
yvaneba. miTosurad mojadoebuli masebi eklesiisagan misi
miTosuri elementis gafarToebas moiTxoven. eklesia ro-
gorc miTosi SeiZleba Seerwyas politikur miToss, ma-
gram maSin, is aRar iqneba samociqulo marTlmadidebeli
eklesia. eklesias axasiaTebs demiTologizebis tendencia,
romlis `Sekaveba~ SeuZlebelia. marTlmadidebeli eklesia
TandaTan emijneba `cocxal miTs~, rogorc warmarTobis
restavracias.
axal politikur miToss rCeba erTaderTi gza. mas
eklesiur-tradiciuli qristianobis sruli an nawilobrivi
gamiTebis, gawarmarTebis piroebebSi SeuZlia sajaro sivr-
cis daufleba. es Tezisi sakamod naTlad Camoayaliba paul
tilixma.
xelovneba, eklesia, filosofia da cocxali miTi erT-
maneTisagan gansxvavdebian, magram maT saerToca aqvT, re-
alobis SeCerebiT, `anulirebiT~, distancirebiT gamovya-
varT `bunebrivi ganwyobis~ naivurobidan. maTi saerTo
amocanaa adamianis xelaxla Soba metafizikur samSobloSi.
cocxali miTosi pirdapir gzas irCevs da sxva `Sori~ gze-
bidan gadaxvevas cdilobs.

$ 24. miTis kacis urTierToba humanodiTan da

did kombinatorTan

zekacis tipologiaSi mniSnelovan sinaTles Seitans

imis aRniSvna, rom miTis kacebi (abelis Zeni, RvTismsaxruni,
mistni, Teurgni, soflis mSeneblebi) dauZinebeli mtrebi
119
arian humanoidebisa da maTi memkvidre didi kombinatorebi-
sa. maT uwodeben kaenis naSierTa, inJinrul-buRaltruli
azrTawyobisa da qalaquri civilizaciis mSenebelTa modg-
mas. iuxedavad imisa, rom miTosuri hermenevtikac Tama-
Sis anu ritualis hermenevtikaa, miTis kacebi humanidebs
modernizebul adamian-manqanebad Tvlian, xolo did kom-
binatorebs postomdernul adamian-manqanebad miiCneven. am
ukanaksnelebs rogorc `samSvinvelis mecnierebs~ bralad
edebaT SeTqmuleba `sulieri mecnierebis~ winaaRmdeg.
`didi kombinatori~ maTTvis aris `diadi usulo adamiani~
_ ase eZaxda nicSe humanoidTa modgmis mamamTavars, mar-
tin luTers. Staineri Tvlida, rom zekacis es ori tipi
mudmivad ibrZvis msoflio istoriaSi. esaa brZola `abelTa
rasisa~ `kaenTa rasis~ winaaRmdeg, pavleTa brZola savleTa
winaaRdeg. am brZolaSi unda gadawydes kacobriobis bedi.
miTis kacebi Tu gaimarjveben es iqneba `pavleTa civiliza-
ciis~ gamarjveba `savleTa civilizaciazze~. miTosuri her-
menevtika energetikuli paradigmis samxedro-politikuri
nairsaxeobaa, miTis kaci samxedro zekacia. misi misiaa saer-
Tod amoiRos evoluciis procesidan is `adamianiseburi
arseba~, romelmac sicocxle dacala ideur-emociuri Si-
naarsisagan da arseboba daiyvana fizikur elementTa kon-
struirebis ubralo wesamde.
Tavis mxriv, humanoidi eTanmxeba ra adamian-manqanis
(adamianis arsis meqanizmebis) winaaRmdeg miTis kacis br-
Zolas, amave dros masSi xedavs sicocxlis elementaruli
arsebobisaTvis sabediswero safrTxes. miTis kaci zedme-
tad dadebiT rols miawers xifaTs da risks. gaumarTle-
beli riski evoluciis Tanamedrove etapze adamians marT-
lac ayenebs fizikuri da eTikuri katastrofis winaSe. am
gzaze SeiZleba moxdes kriminaluri elementis politikuri
gatotalureba. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs adamianis ar-
sis rebiologizirebasTan. adamian-manqanasTan mebrZoli
arseba iqceva adamian-mxecad. `ciklopuri sawyisi~ gadadis

120
sxva sibrtyeze, TviT sulierebis arsebaSi saxldeba. maSin
cxoveluri sicocxlis gasulierebis procesi mimarTule-
bas icvlis, sulis gamxecebis saxes iRebs (horkhaimeri
212 : 103). am axal ampluaSi mxecuri sawyisi globaluri
masStabis saSiSroebad iqceva; igi paralizebiT emuqreba
mTel gonebis wesrigs. humanoidi miTis kacSi xedavs raRac
`jojoxeTis binadars~. yvela religiaSi jojoxeTi dasax-
elebulia erTdroulad ormagi saxis, adamianismagvari da
mxecismagvari figurebiT.
humanoidi ormxrivi safrTxis qveS eqceva. man adami-
an-manqanasa da adamian-mxecs Soris mdgarma unda ganavi-
Taros TamaSismieri energowarmoeba, romelic samxedro-
politikuri TamaSebisa da `msoflio wesrigTa~ axal-axal
kombinirebebsac Seicavs. didi kombinatoris Cumi Zala
samxedro-politikur TamaSebSi amsxvrevs fabricirebul
fsiqoenergetikis manqanas. aSkara da faruli omi `sulier
ierarqiebsa~ da `manqanur ierarqiebs~ (meqanizmebs) Soris
kvlavac grZeldeba. am omSi SesaZlebelia humanoidebi da
miTis kacebi mokavSireebis rolSic aRmoCdnen.
ganvixiloT amgvari SemTxveva cnobil magaliTze. 1989
wlis 9 aprils TbilisSi, sasaxlis moedanze TamaSdeboda
politikuri miTorituali. Teqnokratiam moaxdina `Zalis
demonstrireba~ mZime samxedro teqnikiT. mas unda gamoewvia
`teqnikis ZaliT~ daSineba. efeqti ganzraxulis sawinaaR-
mdego aRmoCnda. amuSavda energetikuli hermenevtikis
kanoni: safrTxis SegrZnebis eqstraordinalurma gafar-
Toebam Sesabamisad gazarda arsebobis grZnoba. ritualis
moTamaSeebs gauCndaT supergancda. cnobiereba radikalu-
rad iqna Sokirebuli da mobilizebuli am supergancdiT;
TiToeul maTganSi amuSavda `industriuli sazogadoebis~
adamianisaTvis (adamian-manqanisaTvis) ucnobi eqstrasenso-
ruli percefcia.
zekacurma gamocdilebam gamoiwvia `guliswyroba~, `mo-
naTa morals~ energetikuli sisustis mimarT; aRiZra ra-

121
dikaluri mzaoba imisaTvis, rom aRarasodes daubrundes
`adamian-manqanis~ mdgomareobas. am ganwyobas gamoTqvams
cnobili formula: `sjobs erTi dRe iyo lomi, vidre aTasi
weli cxvari~. daiZlia sikvdilis SiSi. damzadda zekaci _
`Zlevamosili cezari, romelsac qristes suli aqvs~. dRis
sinaTle ixila humanoidis kongenialurma oeulma.
man ganamtkica survili imisa, rom SemWidrovebuli-
yvnen, erTad damdgariyvnen humanoidebi da miTokratebi.
homerosis analogia rom gamoviyenoT, erT mxares dadgnen
ciklopis kunZulis binadarni da odesvsi da mis Tanamg-
zavrebi. superxarisxis gancdam isini erTnair supermenad
gadaaqcia. zekacuri percefcia am SemTxvevaSi ufro Zl-
ieri aRmoCnda, vidre fraqciuli mtroba.
eqstatiuri qadagni, uasako gogonebi da profesiiT
racionalisti inteligentebi uSiSrad wvebodnen asfal-
tze mogugune tankebis muxluxoebis win. humanoidsa da
miTokratiSi erTnairad imuSava `tragediis kaTarzisulma
funqciam~ (romelzec aristotele da nicSe werdnen). sa-
saxlis kibeebTan Sekrebilni erTnairad iqcnen im `antini-
hilist zekacebad~, romelic nicSes sityvebiT `naSuadRevs
ubrunebs dedamiwas~. iqve yvelaferi nicSeseuli `xidis
scenariT~ gaTamaSda. TiToeulma moTamaSem Tavis TavSi
TviTgancda `xidi, romelsac gadavyavarT sicocxlis umaR-
lesi mwvervalebisaken.~

***
mravali Teoriuli da praqtikuli niSnis damowmebiT
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom `miTokratia~ aris gamovlena
`Cveni drois~ adamianis uRrmesi da uSinaganesi tenden-
ciisa. `samoqalaqo sazogadoebis~ Temuri seqtoris fesve-
bidan mudmivad aRmocendebian sul axali da axali formebi
da Taobebi miTokratiuli serialebisa. miTosuria form-
alurad aralegitimuri quCis samefo, `Crdilovani elite-
bi~, kriminaluri komunebi, narkomanTa da `seqsualur um-

122
ciresobaTa~ Temebi. froidis perifraziT rom vTqvaT,
cnobierebis legitimuri sferos zurgs ukan mimdinareobs
aracnobieri stiqiuri Seryvnileba. swored esaa sxvadasxva
variaciis miTosur supermenTa warmoSobis mudmivi wyaro.
aqve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zekacis diskursSi TviT Tavis
arsSi Zalauflebis diskursia. mas xom Zalauflebisadmi
nebis metafizika udevs safuZvlad.

123
 Tavi V. taZris kaci.
orfikuli hermenevtika

$ 25. zekaci da orfeosi

taZruli yofierebis anu mesame aRTqmis molodini

adamianuri azrovnebis erT-erTi moqmedi konceptia. mas
zogjer aRniSnaven iseTi saeWvo terminiT, rogoricaa `ru-
suli nacionaluri epistema~. saeWvoa, radgan `ar arsebobs
kvintensenciuri erovnuli kultura, arsebebs mxolod mi-
Tiuri warmodgenebi mis Sesaxeb~. (faijesti 2013: 158) aseTi
warmodgeniTi konceptia `sobornost~.9 bevri fiqrobs, rom
`es sityva unda Sevides filosofiur terminTa msoflio
leqsikonSi. sasurvelia Sevides uTargmnelad, laTinuri
an nebismieri sxva anbaniT~. (loski 1991: 387) kulturuli
TvalsazrisiT misi lokalizeba migviyvans Zvel elinur sa-
myaroSi aRmocenebul orfizmTan da samyaros ganaxlebis
universalur miTosTan.
qiliasturi moZraobebi, romlebsac XIII saukuneSi daedo
saTave da XIX saukunemde grZeldeboda, STagonebuli iyo
erTi mTavari ideiT. am ideis mixedviT qristianoba Cavarda
samebis konteqstidan amoglejil evangelizmSi: daiviwya
mamisa da Zis Tanaarsi mesame hipostazuri potencia, rom-
lis gamocxadeba jer ar momxdara. msoflio istoriis Ses-
vla mesame gamocxadebis epoqaSi gardauvalia; rom is iqneba
Tavisuflebis epoqa, radgan moxdeba suliwmidis potenciis
aqtualizacia. rogorc eliade SeniSnavs, `amiT kvlav aRs-

9 termini `соборность~, _ rusuli religiuri filosofiis umTavre-

si cneba, slavofilma aleqsei xomiakovma (1804-1860) gamoigona. is sxva
enebze Znelad iTargmneba, radgan orazrovnebas Seicavs: соборо taZari,
saRvdelmsaxuro Senoba-sakrebulocaa da sazogadoebis koleqtiuri
tipic. am sityvis fuZea собрать _ `vkreb~, rac gulisxmobs mravalsax-
ovanebis ontologiur sinTezs, yovladmTlianobiT erTobas; maT Soris
xalxTa erTobas `xorvatiidan aliaskamde~.
124
dga universaluri ganaxlebis arqauli miTi~ am miTma `sauke-
Tesi niadagi hpova ruseTSi vladimir soloviovis, dimitri
merJkovskisa da sxvaTa traqtatebSi ... marTalia es ufro
filosofiuri fantazia da ideologiaa, vidre suliwmi-
dis meufebis esqatologiuri molodini, magram mokle da
grZelvadiani sayovelTao ganaxlebis miTi jer kidev SeimC-
neva yvela am Teoriasa da fantaziaSi~ (eliade 2017: 137).
orfikulma religiam da miTebma grZneul momReralze _
orfeosze gavlena iqonia filosofiur da religiur mimdi-
nareobebze. orfizmma bevri ram SeiTavsa piTagorizmidan,
platonizmidan, stoicizmidan, magram TviTonac Seitana
maTSi Tavisi elementebi. orfikuli gadmocemiT, orfeosi
iyo Trakiis basilevsisa da muza kaliopes vaJi; sxva ver-
siiT TviT apolonis vaJi, apolonisa da dionises kultis
damaarsebeli; pirveli poeti, homerosisa da herodes win-
amorbedi. orfikulma Teofaniam da kosmologiam SeaRwia
da Rrmad gaidga fesvebi qristianobaSic. orfikul himnTa
magiur Zalas flobdnen orfikosi arqontebi, _ naTelmx-
ilvel zekacTa dasi; kacobriobis ganviTarebis maRal
safexurze myofi brZenkacebi; isini erTiandeobodnen gan-
dobilTa sibrZneSi, misteriebSi, romelic Seuvali iyo
aragandobilTaTvis.
orfizmi sxvadasxva epoqaSi da sxvadasxva religiuri
da filosofiur mimdinareobaSi sxvadasxva saxes iRebda,
magram arsi erTi iyo: sulieri ganwmendis (iniciaciis)
gRZeli gza miwisqveSeTis labirinTidan zeasvla zeciur
sferoebamde da bolos kvlavdabruneba dedamiwaze, raTa
RmerTebTan erTad Tanamonawileebi gamxdariyvnen samyaros
qmnadobisa.
orfeosi argonavtic iyo. is iazonTan da sxva argo-
navtebTan erTad monawileobda kolxeTis eqspediciaSi.
orfikuli argonavtikis Sesaxeb Seiqmna vrceli literatu-
ra.10 orfizmis kavSiri saqarTvelosTan marto argonavti-

10 ixileT SesaniSnavi Targmani da gamokvleva `orfikuli argonav-

125
kis TemiT ar Semoifargleba. `vefxistyaosanSi~ avTandi-
lis simRera orfikuli misteriaa. `ra esmodaT mRera ymisa,
smenad mxecni movidian~. orfizmiTaa STagonebuli ioane
petriwis mimarTva pavle mocuqlisadmi: `Cemi orfeosi~.
petriwis mixeviT, yovelive rac arsebobs isic da rac ar
arsebobs, magram arsebulzec aRmatebulia, yvelani `me-
tyvelebiTi~ bunebisani arian. metyveleba `laparakia~, es
ki iseT Setyobinebas gulisxmobs, romelic pasuxgacemul-
gagebuli unda iqnes. yovelive `metyvelebs~, `gvelaparake-
ba~, `gveZaxis~. Zaxils unda gamoepasuxon. maSin igi saubari
_ dialogi iqneba. amgvari kosmiuri saubari `yovelivesi
yovelivesTan~ aris swored `petriwiseuli hermenevtika~.
qristianuli eris pirvelsave saukuneebSi orfizmma
TviTganaxlebisa da elastiurobis saocari unari gamoav-
lina. misgan davalebuli iyo yvela, vinc agrZelebda kav-
Sirs elinur samyarosTan. mirCa eliadem aRmoaCina Samanuri
elementebi elevsinur misteriebSi, orfizmSi da gnosti-
kur religiebSi. TviTon orfevsis cxovreba Zalze hgavs
Samanebis cxovrebsa da saqmianobas. ucnobia Samanizmisa da
orfizms Soris kavSiris preistoria, magram naTelia, rom
orfevsi preistoriuli tipis religiuri personaJia, (eli-
ade 2012 : 67) romelSic koncentrirebulad aris mocemuli
saerTod religiis arsebiTi niSnebi.
orfizmisa da Samanizmis spiritualuri eqstremal-
uroba, romelsac XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi daerqva intuicia
da genialuroba, Cven imdenad gvainteresebs, ramdenadac
filosofiuri hermenevtikis baziss warmoadgens. am `ba-
zisis~ rusul sivrceSi gavrcelebazea agebuli e.w. `evra-
zieloba~. am konceptis mixedviT, qristianobam da petre
didis reformebma ruseTs mxolod garegnulad ucvala
ieri, `Sinaganad~ masSi kvlav Zlieria aziur-mongoluri
elementi; rom yvelafer rusulSi qristes saxis ukan Cin-
giz-xanis saxe imaleba. rusul poeziaSi gaJRerebulia miTi

tika~, Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1977, Targmna naTela gelaSvilma.

126
aRmosavleT slavebis skviTuri warmoSobis Sesaxeb. bevria
slavur-TaTruli Sereuli warmoSobis aqcentebi enasa da
yofaSi. aziel SamanebTan bevri saerTo aqvs rusul sa-
losobas _ moxetiale RvTiskacTa moZraobas. Samanur xe-
rxebs iyenebdnen xlistebi, `mxtomelebis~ da sxva rusuli
seqtanturi moZraobebi. aqedan modis grigol rasputinis
erotiuli misteriebi da `taZruli prostituciis~ arqa-
uli formebis aRdgena XX saukunis daswayisSi. rasputini
iyenebda orTqlis abanoSi mdedrTa da mamrTa erToblivi
ritualuri banaobis Zvel wess. monRolTa batonobam da
stepis xalxeban Serevam rusuli cxovrebisa da azrovnebis
wesze safuZvliani kvali datova.
amqveyniuri universaluri eklesiis molodinma rusul
xalxur warmodgenebSic SeaRwia da didi rusi mwerlebi da
filosofosebi XIX-XX saukuneebSi am molodinis qadagebad
aqcia. simptomatur figurebad gvevlinebian vladimer so-
loviovi, Tavisi sofiologiuri moZRvrebiT da grigol
rasputini _ moxetiale cimbireli glexi, romelic mistad,
Teurad, saswaulmoqmedad `starec~-ad moevlina imperias.
vl.soloviovis traqtatebSi warmodgenilia RmerTi,
rogorc arsebuli (сушее), romelic axorcielebs Tavis
Sinaarss (сушность), aris cocxali organizmi (сушество),
romlis arsebiTi aspeqtia `presofia~- RvTaeba RmerTSi,
msoflio suli, _ RmerTSi uqmenli da adamianSi qmnili po-
tencia. esaa maradiuli adamiani RmerTSi, adamianobis Rv-
Tiuri prototipi, mdedri RvTaeba, soloviovis mistiuri
trfialis muza. mistikur `paemanebs~ is gadmoscemda liri-
kul poemebSi da maSinalur CanawerebSi afiqsirebda uxi-
lavi Tanamosaubris, `Sophie~-s replikebs. SemorCenilia 12
aseTi Canaweri (lurie 214 : 1.139). soloviovisaTvis es iyo
ara rwmenis an konceptualizaciis sagani, aramed realuri
sasicocxlo samyaro.
amqveyniuri RvTiuri sasufevlis xalxuri rwmena gamov-
lenili rusul `raskolSi~, seqtantobaSi, `Zvelmowereoba-

127
Si~, salosobaSi (Юродство), xucobaSi, rusma filosofos-
ebma mesame aRTqmis molodinis `proeqtad~ Camoayalibes.
es ar iyo mxolod erTi filosofiuri mimdinareobis
proeqti. manamdec, da mis Semdegac, Cvens dReebamde moq-
medebs igi.

$ 26. sofiopraqsisi

`WeSmaritebis ganxorcielebis sakiTxi

gadamaqvs esTetikur sferoSi~.

vladimir soloviovi

zekacis diskursis erT-erTi ganStoeba orfikuli her-

menevtikaa. orfizmi cdilobs esTetikur ganzomilebaSi
Zireulad Searigos adamiani, RmerTi da buneba. ganvixiloT
es mimarTuleba XIX-XX saukuneebis rusuli religiur-
filosofiuri skolis magaliTze. am `skolaSi~ SemuSavda
adamianis xsnis xarizmatuli proeqti. semion frankma mas
`utopizmis eresi~ uwoda. proeqti miznad isaxavs obieqtur-
eklesiuri xarizmatizmis SeerTebas adamianis mxatvrul
da filosofiur xarizmatizmTan. mecnierebis, xelovnebis
da religiis Semoqmedi sinTezis gziT adamianis ganRmrTo-
bas moyveba RmerTkacobriuli epoqisa da `taZruli yofi-
erebis~ formireba. am `skolis mamam~, v. soloviovma, Se-
qmna moZRvreba sofiologiaze anu wminda sibrZneze, rom-
lis realizatorad Tvlida rus xalxs. misi azriT, ruseTs
ara aqvs arc teqnikuri, arc kulturuli, arc socialuri
progresis funqcia. mas akisria religiur-mistiuri misia _
moaxdinos aRmosavluri pasivobisa da dasavluri aqtiviz-
mis universaluri sinTezi.
RmerTis, adamianisa da kosmosis panTeisturi evolu-
cionizmi amave dros aris TeoanTropistuli gnozisi anu
128
sofiopraqsisi, _ adamianisa da samyaros sinergetikuli
TviTgardaqmnis procesi. is, rac adamians gazrdis ze-
kacad, RmerTkacad aris misi mokvdavobiis pozitiuri da-
Zleva. soloviovis proeqtis mixedviT codnis evoluciis
garkveul safexurze Seiqmneba `pozitiuri mecniereba ukv-
davebaze~.
adamianis gaCeniT universumSi Cndeba iseTi sicocxli-
seuli forma, romelic aRar saWiroebs arsebiT cvlile-
bebs sxeulebriv organizaciaSi, radgan mas SeuZlia dai-
tios sulieri ganviTarebis usasrulo safexurebi. suli-
eri ganviTareba aRar saWiroebs anatomiuri tipis Secvlas,
amitom adamians momavalSi ar dasWirdeba araviTari axali
`zekacuri~ sxeulebrivi forma, Zveli forma SeiZens axal
Sinaarss da moaxdens mis aramokvdav metamorfozas.
rogoria amgvari sofiopraqsisis struqtura da qmedebis
meqanizmi?
vl. soloviovis moZRvrebis mixedviT adamianis sami
Zireuli unari: azrovneba, neba da grZnoba qmnis evolu-
ciis Sesabamis areebs. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.
azrovneba iSleba sam tradiciul formaSi: mecniere-
ba, filosofia da Teologia. TiToeuli es forma codnis
arsebiTi elementebis gacalmxrivebis Sedegia. pozitiuri
mecniereba grZnobadi cdis gareT ver gadis. ganyenebuli
filosofia grZnobadi cdis mocemulobebs Soris formal-
ur kavSirebs afiqsirebs.
garegan-uaryofiTi kavSirebi arafers gveubneba `Sina-
gan cdaze~ anu cdis pozitiur Sinaarsze. es ukanaskneli
gveZleva mistiur intuiciaSi. Sinagani cda aris samyaro-
Si RmerTis gamocxadebis interiorizacia. es sfero gaxda
Zveli `ganyenebuli Teologiis~ sagani. igi iZleoda dogma-
tur pasuxebs adamianis maZiebeli gonebis yvela SekiTxvaze,
magram es pasuxebi wminda religiur mocemulobebs gany-
enebuli formiT gadmogvcemdnen; isini Tu SinaarsiT ara,
formiT mainc ucxoni iyvnen bunebrivi cnobierebisaTvis.

129
amitom, adamianma Teologiis gareSe daiwyo WeSmaritebis
Zieba. es Zieba ori mimarTulebiT mimdinareobda: ukidure-
si ganyenebuli racionalizmi da ukiduresi ganyenebuli
empirizmi. orives skepticizmis ufskrulTan mivyavarT.
WeSmaritebis Secnoba am sami elementis swori sinTeziT
miiReba. aseTi sinTezi cnobierebis mocemuloba ki ar aris,
aramed gonebis amocanaa. garegani cda mis or calmxrivoba-
Si Sinaarseulad sinTezirdeba mistiuri elementisagan; re-
ligiuri cda Tavisufali unda iyos tradiciuli Teologi-
is ganyenebuli dogmatizmisagan. WeSmaritebis universalizmi
xorcieldeba empiriulad, racionalurad da mistiurad.
WeSmaritebis absoluturoba ki maT sinTezSia. soloviovis
mixedviT, tradiciuli Teologiis ganyenebuli dogmatiz-
mi unda Seyvanil iqnes Tavisufali gonebrivi azrovnebis
sferoSi da realizdes cdiseuli mecnierebis monacemebSi.
mistiuri intuicia unda Cadges mecnierebasa da filoso-
fias Soris da aRadginos maTi monacemebis pirveladi kavSi-
ri `Tavisufal da mecnierul TeosofiaSi~. vidre adamianis
codnis evolucia Tavisufali Teosofiis safexurs ar mi-
aRwevs, manam adamianis sinamdvileSi dabrkoleba ar iqneba
WeSmmariteba. Semoqmedi sinTezis Sedegad ki WeSmaritebaSi
organizdeba ara marto codna, aramed sinamdvilec. Teo-
sofia aRar aris Teoriuli azri, aramed Semoqmedi azri. am
safexurze Cveni bunebrivi yofis yoveli elementi daqvem-
debarebulia Cvens suls, xolo Cveni suli RvTis suls.
grZnobis gasaqani sofiopraqsisSi sami tradiciuli
formiT iqna Camoyalibebuli: teqnika, xelovneba da mis-
tika. aqac grZnobiseuli sferos arsebiT elementTa ga-
calmxrivebasTan gvaqvs saqme. sofiopraqsisis, rogorc
sinamdvilis universaluri organizaciis amocanaa, mxat-
vruli Semoqmedebis mWvretelobiTi bunebisa da teqnikuri
konstruirebis sinTezireba `Tavisufal TeurgiaSi~. kos-
miur TeurgiaSi gadalaxuli iqneba tradiciuli xelovnebis
ganyenebuli mWvretelobiTi esTetizmi. yofiereba realu-

130
rad gadava mSvenierebis fazaSi.
adamianis yvela unarTa integraluri sinTezis ganxor-
cieleba nebas ekisreba. nebaa mTavari sinTezatori. nebis
gasaqani Camoyalibebulia sam tradiciul formaSi: eko-
nomikuri Temi, politikuri Temi anu saxelmwifo da re-
ligiuri Temi anu eklesia. ekonomikuri da politikuri
Temebi Tanayofierebis garegan mxareTa organizebaa. xolo
Sinagani Tanayofiereba mxolod religiur TemSi SeiZleba,
oRond aqac, Semoqmedma sinTezma unda daZlios tradici-
uli calmxrivobani.
am sferoSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba zneobrivi
progresis ideas. arsebobs Tu ara progresi zneobaSi? aris
Tu ara dRes ufro meti marTali kaci, vidre aTasi wlis
winaT? soloviovi zneobrivi progresis garegnul gamov-
linebad miiCnevs saxelmwifos. saxelmwifoSi sikeTis idea
sazogadoebriv Zalad organizda. absoluturi sikeTis da-
sawyisi, romelic qristianobaSi gamocxadda, ar auqmebs
adamianTa socialobis obieqtur mxares. igi mas iaraRad
iyenebs, sikeTis absoluturi Sinaarsis realizaciisaTvis.
nebam zneobrivi progresis gziT unda daZlios budis-
turi nirvanis `negatiuri universaloba~ da platonisturi
ideis `abstraqtuli universalizmi~. qristianoba, rogorc
sikeTis pozitiuri universalizmi, iTxovs ara nirvanaSi,
an ideaTa samyaroSi mimaval adamians, aramed samyaroSi Se-
momaval RmerTkacs. RmerTkacma unda ixsnas samyaro, xe-
laxla Svas uflis sasufevelSi. amisaTvis ki srulyofili
pirovneba Sevsebuli da ganvrcobili unda iqnes sru-
lyofili sazogadoebiT _ taZruli yofierebiT. sruli da
saboloo universalizmi ar SeiZleba iyos marto pirovnu-
li an marto socialuri.
vl. soloviovi kritikulad ganmartavs aristoteles
Teziss `adamiani aris politikuri cxoveli~ (`Zoon poli-
tikon~). adamiani, rom mxolod politikuri cxoveli iyos,
maSin adamianis cnebaSi moeqceodnen e.w. `socialuri

131
cxovelebi~. Tu Sromis danawilebaa saxelmwifoebriobis
sawyisi, maSin unda vaRiaroT `WianWvelebis saxelmwifo~ da
`WianWvelebis civilizaciis~ paralelizmi adamianTa civi-
lizaciasTan.
sabolood adamianTa Tanayofierebis ekonomikuri da
politikuri formebi unda integrirdes sulieri sazoga-
doebiT, sulierma sawyisma unda daiqvemdebaros sazoga-
doebis sameurneo da politikuri organizaciebi. amiT
msoflio istoria gadava Tavisufal TeokratiaSi.
sofiopraqsisi rogorc yovladmTlianobis horizon-
ti, iqmneba Tavisufali Teosofiis, Tavisufali Teurgi-
is da Tavisufali Teokratiis esqatologiuri sinTeziT.
esaa `RmerTkacobriuli sinTezi~., romelic erT-erT um-
niSvnelovanes aspeqtSi aris `aRmosavlur-dasavluri sin-
Tezi~. soloviovis TvalTaxedviT, aRmosavleTSi gabaton-
da `uadamiano RmerTis~ Tayvaniscema, xolo dasavleTSi
`uRmerTo adamianis~ kulti. adamianma RmerTTan Semoq-
medebiT TanamSromlobaSi unda awarmoos samyaros gaer-
Tianebisa da gaTavisuflebis anu gaeklesiurebis saqme.
amisaTvis ki aucilebeli wanamZRvaria qristianul eklesi-
aTa erTianobis aRdgena _ romaul-kaTolikuri, aRmosav-
lur-marTlmadidebluri da protestantuli konfesiebis
mistikuri safuZvlebis pozitiuri sinTezi. rac Seexeba wi-
naqristianul da araqristianul religiebis misterioso-
fiul Sinaarsebs, maT qristianoba ukve TavisTavad Seicavs,
rogorc kacobriobis religiuri evoluciis umaRlesi da
ukanaskneli safexuri.
sofiopraqsis gasagebad saWiroa `agios-sofios~-is
gageba. am cnebis ganmarteba ukavSirdeba absoluturi
pirvelsawyisis, rogorc yovladwminda samebis gagebas.
`wm. sofia~ aris samebis samyarosTan damakavSirebeli da
mxsneli aspeqti, magram es aspeqti soloviovis swavlebaSi
imdenad industrializebulia, rom raRac principulad
TviTmyofi da samebisagan damoukideblad moqmedi xsnis

132
meqanizmis saxes iRebs. dogmaturi RvTismetyvelebis gan-
zomilebaSi `sofiologiis~ cneba samebis meoTxe hiposta-
sis amRiarebel eresad ganimarteba.
vl.soloviovis sofiologia emyareba moZRvrebas qmnadi
abosolutis Sesaxeb. am mxriv, is ver CaiTvleba original-
ruad. mxolod mimdevaria gviandeli Selingisa da hegelis
moZRvrebebisa TviTqmnadi abosuluturi subieqtis Sesaxeb,
romelic Tavis mxriv adamianuri subieqtis nebelobiTi,
kognituri da emocioanaluri unarebis abosulutze ga-
datanas warmoadgenen. hegelma Seqmna samsaxovani RvTaebis
spekulatori metafizika; moxaza samebis cneba, romelic
logikuri kategoriebiT axsnasa da agebas eqvemdebareba.
hegelisagan gansxvavebiT soloviovs swams, rom TviTon
yovladwminda sameba Tavisi abosoluturi subieqturobis
siRrmeSi SeuRwevadi, dafaruli, Seumecnebadi da `hiper-
logikuria, magram rogorc yovladmTlianobiTi erTianoba
SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros ontologiuri kategoriebiT:
arseboba (сушее), arseba (сушность) da yofiereba (бития).

$ 27. arseboba, yofiereba da arseba

vl. soloviovis moZRvrebaSi absoluturi pirvelsawy-

isi pozitiuri araraa; `zearsi~, romelic flobs Tavisive
meore poluss, Tavisive sxvas, yovelgvar mravlobas, prima
materia-s. sawyisuri pozitiuri arara (en-sofi) upirobo
erTianobaa, rac ver moixseneba raime simravliT, anu misive
meore polusiT.
solovioviseuli samebis metafizika emyareba sammag on-
tologiur diferents: arsebuli, arsi da yofiereba. arse-
bulic samad ganiyofeba: goni (дух), goneba (ум) da suli
(душа). `arsebuli~ Tavis `yofierebaSi~ nebaa, xolo arse-
bobaSi -sikeTis idea; goneba (ум) yofierebaSi warmoadge-

133
nis (logosis) wm. aqtia, xolo arsSi-WeSmaritebis idea. su-
lis yofierebiTi wesia grZnoba, xolo arsSi _ mSvenierebis
idea. (soloviovi 1998 : 265)
RvTaebrivi samebis moqmedi principi yovladmTliano-
ba, romelic pirvel pirSi potenciurad arsebobs, meoreSi
idealurad, xolo mesameSi xdeba `yofiereba~. am sferoTa
erTianoba logosiT iwarmoeba. samebis pirveladi uqmneli
erTianobidan soloviovma ganasxvava `qmnili erTianoba~. am
gardamaval ontologiur kategorias man uwoda `msoflio
suli~. is erTxmriv, yoveli qmnilebis cocxali centria,
meore mxriv ki RvTaebis realuri forma. es RvTaeba ada-
mianSi da adamianTan, rogorc `meore aboslutTan~ Tavi-
sufali urTierTobiT suliwmindis Semoqmedebas aZlevs
saSualebas yoveliveSi ganxorcieldes da qmnad abolutad
gadaiqces.
vl.soloviovma erTmaneTisagan ganasxvava da amgavrad
gamokveTa ontologiis fundamenturi kategoriebi: arse-
boba, yofiereba da arseba. sofiologiuri metafizika aris
absoluturi WeSmaritebis Semecneba, SegrZnoba da ganxor-
cieleba. xolo TviT WeSmariteba ganisazRvreba rogorc
yovladoba, es imas niSnavs, rom yoveli sagani imavdrou-
lad aris yvelaferi. aqedan gamomdinareobs sofiologiis
ZiriTadi Tezisi: TiToeuli rogorc yvelaferi. es Tezisi
CvenTvis gaugebari darCeba Tu ar gamovarkvieT ra urT-
ierTmimarTebaSia arseboba, yofiereba da arseba.
arseboba aris amosavali wertili, romelmac yofiere-
bas unda mianiWos Zala da aqcios arsebad. yofiereba arse-
bobis predikatia. arsebobis gareSe yofierebac gaqreboda
rogorc usubieqto predikati. Zveli ontologiebi amodi-
odnen predikatis hipostasirebidan da qmnidnen yofierebis
saxis Sesaxeb moZRvrebebs, sadac xedvis gareT rCebodaT
konkretuli arsni (arseba). absoluturi yofierebis subi-
eqti, ufro zustad, yofiereba rogorc subieqti, aris ab-
soluturad `arsebuli~. iseve rogorc azrovneba da moaz-

134
rovne ar aris erTidaigive, aseve yofierebac igive ar aris,
rac arseboba. arsebuls `aqvs~ yofiereba. arsebuli roca
gadadis yofierebaSi, mTlianad ar `ixarjeba~, ar wyvets
arsebobas. soloviovi aqcents svavs `yofierebisagan~ ar-
sebobis damoukideblobis momentze. arsebobas ormagoba
axasiaTebs: erTis mxriv, is `zeSTaobs~ yofierebaze, meore
mxriv `yovladobs~ yofierebaSi.
axla vcadoT gavarkvioT ra aris soloviooviseburad
gagebuli arseba? soloviovi cdilobs Tavi daaRwios pla-
tonur esencializms. platonTan arsi//idea yofierebis
nimuSia, romelzec mijaWvulia saganTa garkveuli klasis
arseboba. sinamdvileSI arsi//idea yovel arsebulSi imTa-
viTvea mocemuli, rac maTi yofierebis gansakuTrebulobas
qmnis. es isaa, rac realobis mTel mravalferovnebas gana-
pirobebs.
soloviovi atomis, monadisa da ideis sinTezis gziT
ideas anu arsebas aniWebs moqmed Zalas, moqmedebisa da cva-
lebadobis unars.
d. uznaZem yuradReba miaqcia am sinTezSi warmosaxvis,
fantaziis gansxvavebul rols. warmosaxva soloviovTan
aris metafizikur arsebaTa Sinagani mimarTebis meSveobiT
moqmedi aracnobieri funqcia, romelic `savsebiT gansx-
vavebulia fantaziis fsiqikuri cnebisaganac~ da kanti-
seuli warmosaxvis Zalis cnebisaganac. kantis warmosaxvis
Zala grZnobadobis formebs gansjis sqemebTan akavSirebs,
xolo soloviovTan awarmoebs saganTa individualur `ras~,
ideas.
RvTaeba rogorc idea, soloviovis metafizikaSi flobs
subieqtobis, substanciurobisa da cnobierebis unarebs da
amiT Zalze hgavs hegeliseul absolutur gons (Geist), ma-
gram hegelisagan gansxvavebiT idea soloviovTan pirovnu-
li arsebaa. absoluturi pirovnebis wiaRSi sami pirovnu-
lobaa dasaSvebi: dasabamiT aris abosuluturad arsebuli
yofierebbis neba, rogorc sikeTis arseba; logosis warmo-

135
saxuli yofierebis WeSmariti arseba (idea) da suliwmidas
SegrZnobili mSvenierebis arseba (idea). amdenad, arsebuli
yofierebis arseba keTili, WeSmariti da mSvenieria. abso-
luts SeuZlia inebos, warmoidginos da SeigrZnos mxolod
yovladoba.
davkmayofildeT soloviovis ontologiuri moZRvrebis
sqematuri gadmocemiT da gadavideT nikoloz berdiaevis
moZRvrebaze.
berdiaevis TqmiT, ukanaskneli ontologia, romelic
haidegerma Seqmna amodis ekhart//boemes moZRvrebidan
ufskrulovan dasabamze. boemem cxadyo, rom adamianuri
arseboba fesvgadgmulia ara `yofierebaSi~, aramed ufsk-
rulovan uZirobaSi, romelsac gamoTqvams sityva Ungrund.
ufskruli, arara pirveladi Tavisuflebis potencia, yo-
fierebis winare wiaRi, TviT RvTaebaSi da RvTaebamde moq-
medebs. RvTiuri araradan aRmoacenebs Tavis Tavs RmerTi.
berdiaevis sityviT, boemes moZRvreba SecdomiT miaCndaT
panTeizmad, is zeTeizmia.
ekhartma Tavisi novatoruli moZRvreba religiuri
cdis Sesaxeb daafuZna RmerTis (Gott) da RvTaebis (Gottheit)
meTodur gansxvavebaze. RmerTi Semoqmedia, `xolo RvTaeba~
misive safuZveli. RvTaebis erTarsia adamiani, romelsac
unari aqvs, pirispir Seicnos da SeerTos mas. es `naperwka-
li~ adamianSi RmerTis monaTesavea. ganuyofeli erTader-
Tia, romelic yvela qmnilebis xatebs TavisTavSi atarebs.
religiuri cdis Sinaarsia sulis Serwyma RvTaebasTan esaa
Tavdapirvel samoTxisebur samSobloSi dabruneba, ro-
melic win uswrebs TviT samyaros Sesaqmes. adamianis dan-
iSnulebaa RmerTSi yofna da ara samyaroSi yofna RvTis
qmnilebis saxiT. religiuri cdis arss Seadgens logosis
dabadeba morwmunis sulSi. `Tvali, romelSic me RmerTs
vxedav, es igive Tvalis, romelSic RmerTi mxedavs; Cemi
Tvali da RmerTis Tvali, es erTi Tvali, erTi xedva, erTi
Semecneba da erTi siyvarulia.~ (ekharti 2001 : 244).

136
 berdiaevis dakvirvebiT, haidegeris Canafiqri Seeqmna
eqsistencialuri ontologia ver Sesrulda. `yofiereba
da dro~ ar aris arc yofierebis, arc arsebobis Teoria;
is munyofierebis (dasein) Teoriaa, romelic fesgadgmulia
yoveldRiurobaSi. yoveldRiuroba yofierebis struqtu-
ris kuTvnilebaa. `is rasac haidegeri uwodebs. In-der-Welt-
Sein aris yoveldRiurobis samefo, munyofierebis arasa-
kuTrivi moduri, romlis oreulia munyofiereba sakuTri-
vobis modurSi. es erTidaigive medlis ori mxarea. eqsis-
tencias (Tavisuflebas) ar SeiZleba Tavis wyarod hqondes
`yofiereba~ da masze iyos damokidebuli. unda gakeTdes
arCevani yofierebasa da Tavisuflebas Soris. (berdiaevi
1991 : 127)
berdiaevis fiqriT, `yvelaferi iqiTken gvibiZgebs, rom
davuSvaT ara marto yofiereba aramed arara (небития). ...
ufro swori iqneboda gveTqva, arara ar arsebobs, magram
eqsistencialurad mniSvnelobas~. gaugebaria yofierebis
TviTdaxSul sistemaSi saidan gaCnda boroteba? am kiTxvis
pasuxad gamoigones cinikuri Teodecea; TiTqos yofiereba
sikeTea, xolo boroteba umyofoa, sikeTis klebaa. berdi-
aevis traqtatebi mogviwodebs gavigoT, rom obieqturi sa-
myaro, rogorc mTeli, rogorc kosmosi ar arsebobs ... is
mxolod regulaturi ideaa. yalbia ontologiurad, magram
WeSmaritia esqatologiurad.

137
 $ 28. esqatologiuri metafizika
`aw dadga xana universaluri, obieqturi
da Ria mistikisa. Cveni epoqis Tavisebureba
swored isaa, rom man mistika unda gamoavli-
nos~.
nikolai berdiaevi

sofiopraqsisis tradiciis gamgrZeleblebma esqatolo-

giuri metafizikis Seqmna scades. filosofia, rogorc
metafizika, xsnis religias cvlis Semoqmedebis religiiT,
amitom is Tavisi arsiT yovelTvis esqatologiuria. `fi-
losofia _ ambobs berdiaevi _ unda iyos eklesiuri, magram
es ar niSnavs, rom is unda iyos Teologiuri, an klerikal-
uri. filosofia unda iyos Tavisufali da is iqneba kidec
Tavisufali, roca eklesiuri iqneba, rameTu mxolod ekl-
esiaSia Tavisufleba~. (berdiaevi 1989 : 7)
ras niSnavs adamianis arsis gaeklesiureba? `eklesiis~
cnebaSi aq igulisxmeba `obieqturi mistika~, romelic prin-
cipulad unda ganvasxvavoT yvela saxeobis magiisagan, anu
`subieqturi mistikisagan~ da oficialuri konfesiuri ekle-
siebis mistikisagan. `mistikis buneba zekonfesionaluria. mis-
tika yovelTvis Zevs ufro Rrmad, vidre konfesiur eklesi-
uri ganxeTqilebani da dapirispirebani~ (berdiaevi 116 :119).
eklesia, rogorc obieqturi mistikis zona sruliad sxva
sibrtyezea, vidre `istoriuli eklesia~, `yofiTi ekle-
siuroba~, romelic gulisxmobs madlis ganmkargav kleri-
kalur biurokratias, e.i. iseT ierarqs, romelic atarebs
`regularul qarizmas~, magram pirovnulad yovelgvar qa-
rizmasa da niWs moklebulia. qarizmamoklebuli, `saSualo
qristiani~, `uniWo qristiani~ _ nonsensia.
berdiaevis azriT, mxsneli madlis amgvari organizacia,
arsebiTad warmarTuli da mxolod garegnulad qristiani-
zebuli warmonaqmnia. es warmonaqmni ukve ganicdis Sinagani
mokvdinebis process. `yofiTi eklesiuroba _ wers berdi-
138
aevi _ gaxirulia zedapirul da periferiul sferoSi... is-
toriis fizikur fenaSi xorcSesxmuli eklesia yovelTvis
periferiulia. periferiuli eklesiurobidan mistikis siR-
rmeSi Sesvlaa saWiro~. am SesvlaSi gadamwyveti roli eniWeba
adamianis SemoqmedebiT qarizmas –`uqmneli Semoqmedebis~
energias. es energia pirvel rigSi mimarTuli unda iqnes
konfesiuri qarizmatizmTan Serwymisaken. amiT mTeli es
neoeklesiuri futurologia qristianuli tradicional-
izmis SeTavsebasac cdilobs.
religiur SemoqmedebiT misias maSin aRasrulebs Taname-
drove adamiani, Tu SesZlebs kaTolikuri mistikis Semoq-
medebiT-anTropologiuri, anu garegnul-aqtiuri sawyisis
Serwymas marTlmadidebluri mistikis garegnulad pasiur,
magram Sinaganad aqtiur transcendentur bunebasTan; gare-
gani da Sinagani mistikis amgvari SerwymiT _ gadaixsneba
SesaZlebloba axali mistikisa, axali eklesiisa, axali Semoq-
medebiTi religiuri epoqisa.
berdiaevi gamoyofs Teodiciis sam safexurs, gamocxadebis
sam arsobriv formas, romelTac Seesabameba sami msoflio-
istoriuli formacia; adamianis evoluciis, misi arsis gan-
RmrTobis xarisxobrivi aRmasvlis sami etapi.
I. mamauflis epoqa, anu epoqa Zveli aRTqmisa.
II. epoqa Zisa, anu axali aRTqmis epoqa.
III.epoqa suli wmindisa _ mesame aRTqmis epoqa.
dRes vCven vcxovrobT `Zis epoqaSi~. igi kacobriobis
awmyoa, warsuli `mamis epoqaa~, xolo momavali _ `epoqa
suli wmindisa~.
epoqaTa qmnadobis mizezi aseTia: Sesaqme ar aris erTjera-
di aqti, aramed procesi, romelic kvlav grZeldeba, magram
adamis Semdgom RmerTi qmnis ukve adamianTan erTad.
raSia `mesame epoqis~ arsi?
`Zis epoqa~, berdiaevis azriT, mainc tanjvis epoqaa da
amdenad, istoriulad warmavali formaciaa. bolovaduri
tkivili da tanjva ar SeiZleba iyos maradiuli; isini cod-

139
viT dacemis Sedegebia. qristeseuli aRTqmis sazrisi imaSia,
rom gamoixsnas adamiani codvisa da Sesabamisi sasjelis _
bolovaduri tanjvisagan. es ki realizdeba gamocxadebis
aqamde arnaxuli saxiT: `suliwmindis gamocxadebiT~.
molodini `mesame gamocxadebisa~ Tavisi arsiT ekle-
siuria da araeklesiur e.i. mxolod pirad-individualur
aspeqtSi igi sruliad gamoricxulia. amgvari molodini
emyareba mxolod eklesiurad miRebulsa da dadasture-
bul qristianul winaswarmetyvelebas. swored eklesiaSia
dacul-Senaxuli esqatologiuri mistikis safuZvlebi.
berdiaevi aRniSnavs, rom eqsistencializmis evropuli
saxeoba icnobs mxolod individualur esqatologiasa da
apokalipss da isic formalur-sqematur formaSi. individ-
ualuri cda usafuZvlo iqneba Tu ar daemyara eklesiur-
kosmiur apokalipssa da esqatologias.
berdiaevi moiTxovs ganvasxvavoT qristianobis idea da
istoriuli Tavgadasavali, romelic mas Tavs gadaxda so-
cialur realobaSi.
esqatologiuri metafizika cxadyofs, rom qristianobas
ar SeiZleba hqondes sazogadoebrivi wyobilebis dadebiTi
religiuri ideali. Zalaufleba, Zaladobis ufleba qris-
tianul Sinaarss gamoricxavs, rameTu qriste araZalado-
briv, Tavisuflad amorCeul siyvaruls aCvenebda. maSa-
sadame, saxarebiT uwyebuli qristes gamocxadeba mxolod
nawilobrivi gamocxadebaa, e.i. jer ar damdgara dro misi
sruli, anu dadebiTi gamocxadebisa. amdenad, ar arsebobs
dadebiTi qristianuli anTropologia da arc misi nawili,
qristianuli sociologia.
qriste-RmerTkacma gaxsna realoba individualuri xsni-
sa, magram jer kidev ar aris gamovlenili RmerTkacobri-
oba, rogorc koleqtiuri xsna. amitom adamiani `sakuTari
WkuiT~ qmnida moZRvrebebs ukeTes sazogadoebriv wyobile-
baze da saxavda istoriis ganviTarebis gzebs.
kaTolikobam Seqmna cruTeokratia _ papocezarizmi,

140
romelSic RvTiuri meufeba Secvlili iqna adamianuri Za-
lauflebiT. papizmi romauli imperiis warmarTuli mod-
elis gadmoReba iyo; satanuri cda: miwieri Zalauflebis
taxtze damjdariyo qristes monacvle, eklesia gadaqceuliyo
saxelmwifod. mRvdel-mefe ar SeiZleba qristianuli movlena
iyos; taxti mRvdlobis madlsac akargvinebs mis mtvirTv-
els ambobs berdiaevi da dasZens: gana wm. francisko asi-
zels meti mRvdloba ar hqonda, vidre nebismier paps!?
imperiis aRmosavlur-romauli, bizantiuri variantic
berdiaevs iseTive cruTeokratiad miaCnia, rogorc papiz-
mi. bizantizmi _ esaa farisevluri mcdeloba miwieri Za-
laufleba `qristianulad~ gaasaRon, maSin roca arasodes
ar uTqvamT da ar uwinaswarmetyvelebiaT, rom qristes
religia ibatonebs qveyanasa zeda, rom igi sdevnis da im-
Zlavrebs adamianebze. piriqiT, qristem araorazrovnad
amcno Tavis mimdevrebs, rom isini iqnebodnen devnilni da
mimZlavrebulni ZlierTagan ama soflisa.
`qristianuli saxelmwifo~ _ amtkicebs berdiaevi _
sinamdvileSi cxvris qurqSi gaxveuli mgelia, niSania imisa,
rom qriste kacobriobas jer kidev safuZvlianad ar mi-
uRia. saxelmwifo warmarTuli warmomavlobisaa da mxolod
warmarTul qveyanas sWirdeba igi. saxelmwifo, rogorc
aseTi, ar SeiZleba iyos forma qristianuli Tanacxovrebi-
sa. RmerTkacobrioba, anu kacobrioba, romelmac miiRo
qriste, aRar saWiroebs adamianTa xelisuflebas, radgan
igi absoluturad morCilia uflis rjulisa. aq ukve poli-
tikuri mmarTveloba unda gadaizardos samrevlo TviTm-
marTvelobaSi. es iqneba msoflio taZruli komunizmi. mesa-
me gamocxadebiT dadgeba Jami suliwmidis wesrigisa. maSin
adamianTa Tanacxovrebis erTaderTi SesaZlo forma taZ-
ruli organizacia iqneba. WeSmariti Teokratia aris Rmer-
Tkacobriuli yofis damyareba dedamiwaze.
taZruli sazogadoebis detaluri analizi berdiaevs
ar moucia. saamisod, misi azriT, jer ar aris mzad ar-

141
sebuli socialuri realoba. metic, Zvelqristianul, anu
`meore gamocxadebis~ safexurze myof cnobierebas ar Za-
luZs WeSmariti religiuri `socialobis~ gaazreba. amgvari
ram SesaZlo gaxdeba mxolod sazogadoebis miwieri isto-
riis dasrulebisas, roca sabolood da sruli sicxadiT
gamomJRavndeba am fenomenis boroti Tu keTili sawyisebi.
berdiaevi cdilobs Segvagnebinos, rom istorias ar
SeiZleba hqondes sazrisi, Tu is arasodes ar damTavrdeba,
Tu ar dadgeba dasasruli. istoriis sazrisi swored imaSia,
rom is moZraobs bolosken, dasrulebisaken. dasasruli-
saken moZraoba xom agreTve moZraobaa sawyisisaken.
berdiaevis esqatologiuri metafizikiss ZiriTadi cne-
baa religiuri Semoqmedeba, rogorc gamarjvebaa istoriuli
obieqtivaciis pirvelwyaroze _ borotebaze. amoZirkva
borotebis fesvTa, esaa sruli gardaqmna mTeli yofierebi-
sa, TviT materiis xelaxla Soba axali sicocxlisaTvis. xsna
ar niSnavs mkvdari iyo am samyarosaTvis da sxva samyaroSi
agrZelebde sicocxles, ar niSnavs gadasaxlebas erTidan
meore samyaroSi. gadarCe, gamoxsnil iqne, niSnavs gardaqmna
es qveyana, raTa maszed ar meufebdes sikvdili, raTa masSi
aRsdges yoveli cocxali ujredi. xsna sicocxlis saqmea,
amqveynis saqme. amqveynisave elementebi unda momzaddnen
maradisobisaTvis. yoveli arseba, yoveli nawilaki am sa-
myaroSi unda gaxdes RvTivukvdavqmnili.
sikvdilis damarcxeba da msoflio aRdgoma mzaddeboda
mokvdav formaSi mimdinare msoflio istoriiT da aRsrul-
deba mxolod mis bolos. es msoflio istoriuli aqtia da
ara individualuri gadasvla araamqveyniurobaSi sikvdilis
Semdeg. amitom, ambobs berdiaevi,religiuri adamiani ufro
unda ufrTxildebodes da afasebdes sicocxles da ufro
unda sZuldes sikvdili, vidre arareligiurs.
TviTSenaxvisa da sicocxlis damamkvidrebeli instiqti
sruliad jansaRi religiuri movlenaa. qristianma unda da-
icvas sicocxle sikvdilis boroti Zalebisagan da moikri-

142
bos sasicocxlo Zalebi xsnis saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis.
sikvdilis idealizeba codvaa da cduneba. adamiani Ta-
visi sicocxlisaTvis pasuxs agebs misi momniWeblis, Rmer-
Tis winaSe. adamianis daniSnulebaa. sulis SerTva sxeulTan
da ara maTi gayra. aseve individualuri bedi maSinaa `bedn-
ieri~, Tu igi SesZlebs Sinaganad SekavSirdes samyaros bed-
Tan; misi mitoveba da misgan gaqcevaa is, rasac `ubedoba~
hqvia.
berdiaevis azriT, qristianul askezaSi mxolod moCvenebi-
Tia gasvla istoriis procesidan. beri istorias ki ar gan-
udgeba, aramed misi namdvili mesaWe da meniCbe xdeba. wminda
meudabnoeTa gmirobas hqonda Tavisi istoriuli misia. es
iyo individualisturi cdebi borotebis Zlevisa; borote-
baSi Caflul istoriaze da sikvdilis saSinelebaze aqti-
uri tanjviT gamarjvebis adamianuri gamocdileba beruli
yofierebis geniosebis mier iqna mopovebuli. kacobrio-
bis istorias swored beruli Rvawli aZlevda saSualebas
gagrZelebuliyo da wasuliyo miznobrivi (providenciuli)
dasasrulisken, rac sruli gamarjveba iqneboda sikvdilze.
asketebma miaRwies imas, rom raRac Secvliliyo TviT
bunebis aRnagSi. qveyana momzadda aRdgomis kosmiuri aqti-
saTvis. swored wminda asketebi qmnidnen istorias, radgan
isini dasasrulisaken mimaval gzaze amoZravebdnen. isto-
riis mamoZravebeli Sinagani wyaro askezaSi iyo. warmoiqmna
wmindanTa eklesia, idumali centri msoflio sulisa, ro-
meolic Semoqmeds ubrundeboda. samyaros TviTprogresis
uaryofa, gandgoma, xorcis daTrgunva aucilebeli gza
iyo imisaTvis, raTa damkvidrebuliyo istoriis sazrisi da
miznobrivad emoZrava samyaros da istorias.
berdiaevi Tvlis, rom aw ukve damTavrda es epoqa da
gardamaval krizisul epoqaSi SevediT, amitom religiuri
cnobiereba ar SeiZleba ganviTardes mxolod dadebiTi
midgomiT samyarosa da sicocxlis sazrisisadmi. TviT re-
ligiuri cnobiereba ivseba axali gamocxadebiT sicocxlis

143
sazrisze, axali anTropologiiT, axali TeurgiiT.
berdiaevis mixedviT
tragedia axal aRTqmiseuli religiisa imaSia, rom is
ar iyo kacobriobis taZruli gaerTianeba RmerTTan. sax-
arebis winaswarmetyvelur-messianuri cnobiereba midis,
mesame aRTqmis aRsrulebisken. RmerTkacobrioba aris sru-
lyofili SeerTeba kacobriobisa RmerTTan. qristes aRTq-
mani individualurni rCebian. maTze ar SeiZleba aSendes
RvTis sasufeveli. samebis religia gulisxmobs mesame hipos-
tasis srul amoqmedebas.
mesame aRTqmis cnobiereba naTels mohfens Zveli Teo-
kratiis siyalbesac, romelic adamians aRmerTebda da axal
demokratiisac, romelic adamians RvTiurobidan sclida.
is migviyvans axal da marad Teokratiamde, wmindaTa sazoga-
doebamde, romelSiac xelisuflebis wyaro iqneba uSualo
RvTiuri ierarqia, `zeciuri RvdelmTavroba~.
esqatologiur metafizikaze damyarebiT SesaZlebelia
gaazrebul iqnes WfeSmariti religiuri anTropologia, es-
qatologiur metafizikaSia mocemuli adamianis problemis
gadawyveta.
berdiaevs mudam Tan sdevs eresSi Cavardnis SiSi.
pirovnulad mas ar surs tradiciasTan da kanonikasTan
dapirispireba, amitom igi xSirad dasZens: mesame aRTqmis
religia ar aris raRac bibliisa da wminda mamaTa tradici-
isagan gansxvavebuli religia, aramed esaa qristes aRTqmis
axdenis religia. es axdena pirvel rigSi imaSi gamoCnde-
ba, rom realizdeba axali qorwinebis saidumlo; realoba
viTarca moyvaruli sasZlo iqorwinebs (maradi kavSiriT
SeuerTdeba) zecier siZeze _ qristeze. makrokosmosSi da
mikrokosmosSi, materiis yovel ujredSi SeaRwevs qriste.
istoriis bolos ganxorcieldeba boroti Zala _ eSma-
kis eklesia. es iqneba ukanaskneli Sedegi msoflios arsebo-
bis uRmerTo gzisa, iseve, rogorc Teokratia ukanaskneli
Sedegia RmerTkacobriuli gzisa, romelic aRadgens warm-

144
arTobis mTel savseobas.
rodis moxdeba es? meored mosvlis zusti TariRis codna
ikrZaleba. magram `bolo Jamis~ dadgomis Secnoba araTu
SesaZlebelia, aramed aucilebelicaa. rusi filosofo-
si Cvens epoqaSi sWvrets `bolo Jamis~ ucdomel niSnebs.
meored mosvlis vizioni laitmotivia misi traqtatebisa. Za-
lian xSirad da daJinebiT imeorebs berdiaevi: `Tanamedrove
kacobrioba ganicdis mZime kriziss: yvela winaaRmdegobani
gamwvavda ukanasknel mijnamde da molodini msoflio so-
cialuri katastrofisa, iotisodenad Tu gansxvavdeba re-
ligiuri katastrofis molodinidan. yvelafer amas mivya-
varT raRac mijnamde, evropuli kacobrioba swrafi nabi-
jiT midis adamianuri TviTgaRmerTebis bolo sazRvramde,
axali uRmerTo religiisaken, miwier RmerTamde, romelic
ukve yvelas daimonebs da iTayvanebs~ (berdiaevi 1991 : 218).

§29. mesame aRTqmis winaswari ganWvreta

rusuli religiuri filosofia anu mesame aRTqmis

molodinis metafizika emyareba momavlis winaswragan-
Wvretebs didi rusi mwerlebis SemoqmedebaSi. ramac gamoi-
wvia dostoevskis, tolstois da gorkis ucnauri gaqadage-
ba, qadagad dacema. `rusuli ideis~ mxatvruli artikula-
cia rusul romanSi zrdis winaswarganWvretis wvlils esqa-
tologiur metafizikaSi da sofiologiis veli mniSvnelo-
van gafarToebamde mihyavs, TviT rusuli romanis gavlenis
planetarul masStabebamde.
vl.soloviovma Seqmna esTetikuri anticipaciis Teo-
ria. am Teoriis mixedviT xelovnebis istoriaSi SesaZlebe-
lia Seiqmnas srulyofili mSvenierebis mxolod kerZo da
fragmentuli anticipaciebi (прeдворения) xelovnebis on-
tologiuri sazrisis kvlevis Sedegebi man Seajama mkafio
gansazRvrebaSi: `yovelgvari SegrZnebadi gamosaxuleba

145
nebismieri sagnisa da movlenisa misi saboloo mdgomareo-
bis TvalsazrisiT, anu momavali samyaros TvalsazrisiT
aris mxatvruli nawarmoebi~. (soloviovi 1923 : 958)
xelovnebis, saerTod mxatvrulobis `zogadi sazri-
si~ imis anticipirebaa, rac unda moxdes kacobriobis sa-
myaroul gamocdilebaSi. esTetikuri anticipaciis hori-
zontSi. molodini iqceva profetul koncept-personaJad,
romelic zeobs mogonebaze (warsuli) da uSualo aRTqmaze
(awmyo). erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT Tematuri gax-
seneba da esqatologiuri molodini. maT Soris aSkara ar-
sebiTi sxvaobaa. iseve rogorc Zrwola gansxvavebuli da
damoukidebelia SiSisagan, aseve eqsistencialuri molodi-
ni gansxvavebuli da damoukidebelia Tematuri gaxsenebi-
sagan. molodini Tavisi arsiT mistiuri intuiciaa. is ga-
mocxadebiTi bunebisaa. mogonebisgan gansxvavebiT, TiTqos
Cveni aqtiTi wvlilis gareSe `TviTon~ Semodis cnobiere-
baSi, maSin roca mogoneba SemoqmedebiTi da marTulia.
vl. soloviovis `sami sityva dostoevskis xsovnisaTvis~
(1882/1883) gviambobs rusi xalxis, rogorc momlodine re-
ligiuri masis, winaswarmetyvelze; am `xalxis~ aRmosavlur
uZravobaze (Застои), romelic prerefleqsurad, implici-
turad awanamZRvrebs damdegi religiis pozitiurobas.
`wminda~-s (святость) intuiciam gaaqadaga dostoevski.
misi saqadagoa: `mSveniereba ixsnis kacobriobas~ . ise ar
unda gavigoT, TiTqos dostoevski imeoresb aristoteles
`poetikis~ debulebas, rom tragediam unda gaumjobesos
adamianis suli esTetikuri kaTarzisis meSveobiT. mas mx-
atvrulobis religiuri sazrisi ainteresebs. amaze jer
kidev platoni werda. `fedonSi~ diotima sokrates esau-
breba mSvenierebis ideamde amaRlebis erotiul misteri-
aze, romelic adamianis mxatvruli ostatobis SesaZleblo-
baTa miRmaa. magram platoni cxovrobda qristeSobamde 400
wlis win, amitom mSvenierebis arsis gaazrebaSi bundovani
mixvdrebis doneze darCa.

146
 namdvili mSveniereba, soloviovisa da dostoevskis es-
Tetikis mixedviT, aris suliwmida ganamdvilebuli morw-
muneTa TemSi _ eklesiaSi; igulisxmeba ara `garegnuli sa-
jaro eklesia~ _ romelmac unda iarsebos yvela yofiT vi-
TarebasTan erTad; arc `saSinao eklesia~ _ erTeuli piris
locviTi msaxureba; aramed `samyarouli eklesia~ , kosmi-
uri marTmadidebloba. pozitiur gamocxadebaSi qriste ar
SeiZleba iyos arc mxolod sajaro Tayvaniscemis sagani,
arc mxolod piradi ideali. SeuZlebelia absoluturi sik-
eTis _ mama-RmerTis, absoluturi mSvenierebis, _ suliwmi-
dis sruli gamocxadeba moxdes mxolod subieqtur kondi-
ciaSi. gamocxadebis pozitiurobam unda moicavs gare sa-
myaroc, anu RvTaeba unda SeuerTdes bunebis stiqiebs. amas
filosfiis enaze hqvia harmonia, logikis enaze _ sinTezi,
xolo zneobis enaze Serigeba, Tanxmoba, yovladmTlianoba.
dostoevskis Semoqmedebaze damyarebiT soloviovi wer-
da: `religiasa da xelovnebas Soris Tanamedrove gaucxoe-
bas Cven vuyurebT rogorc gardamavals Zveli ganurCeveli
nazavidan momavali Tavisufali sinTezisaken~ (soloviovi
1988 : 318).
vl.soloviovis Semdeg TiTqmis yvela rusi religiuri
filosofosi Tavis movaleobad Tvlida daewera naSromi
dostoevskize, rogorc winaswarmetyvelze, gaerkvia Tvi-
Ton Tvlida Tu ara Tavs winaswarmetyvelad? rogor aR-
moCnda mwerali am rolSi?
n.berdiaevs surs mogvawodos gasaRebi dostoevskis
Semoqmedebis saidumlos gasaxsnelad. misi azriT, dos-
toevski arc mwerali, arc `publicisti~ yofila am sity-
vis Cveulebrivi azriT. yovelTvis gadadioda mxatvruli
literaturisa da esTetikis farglebs gareT. dostoevskis
`mxatvruloba~ (художество) sruliad Taviseburi xasiaTisaa;
misi romani ar aris `kerZo narativi~, aramed `mxatvruli
gnozisi~, manamde ucnobi, damdegi gamocxadebis gandoba
(iniciacia).

147
 dimitri mereJovskis TqmiT, dostoevskis `didi inkviz-
itori~ imis ganWvretaa Tu rogor SeiZleba iqces `moskovi
_ mesame romi~ RmerTkacis _ qristesa da kac-RmerTi anti-
qristes uSualo Sexvedris adgilad; ris Semdegac siyvaru-
lis msoflio warRvna Secvlida,, ganaxlebda samyaros. mas
egona an surda, es yofiliyo `marTlmadidebloba~, magram
sinamdvileSi, dostoevskis nawinaTgrZnobi da naadrevad
gamJRavnebuli apokatastazisis religia ar aris marTl-
madidebloba, arc istoriuli qristianoba, saerTod ar
aris aranairi qristianoba, aramed mesame aRTqmis, suliw-
midis religiaa.
mereJovski samebis `neoqristianul~ koncefcias eZebs
dostoevskis SemoqmedebSi. misi sityviT, sameba srulad ar
aris gamovlenili dostoevskis mxatvrul TeologiaSi, misi
yvela romanis faruli mTavrai personaJia qriste. samebis
meore piri mRviZare sindisis saxiT aq aris (присутствуеть).
magram mTeli samyaro mainc molodinSia CaZiruli. TiTqmis
arc erTi personaJi aranair saqmes ar akeTebs. yvela us-
aqmuria, rogorc roman `idiotSi~. ara imitom, rom uxilavi
`zecisaTvis~ miwas uaryofen, rasac axali aRTqmis religia
moiTxovs, aramed imitom, rom axali zecisa da axali miwis
molodinSi arian garindulni.

§ 30. neoqristianuli Teurgia

naSromSi `mTliani codnis filosofiuri sawyisebi~,

vl. soloviovma moxaza yovladmTlianobis `sinoptikuri
panorama~, romelic iyofa Semoqmedebis (grZnobis), codnis
(gonebis) da praqtikuli qmedebis (nebis) sferoebad.
am sami sferodan kacobriobis sulieri aRorZinebis
aRmZvreli Zala da gzamkvlevi Semoqmedebaa; sruli Semo-
qmedeba WvretiT, mistikis, xelovnebisa da teqnikuri es-
Tetikis Sinagani asimilaciis gziT, gadaiqceva `Tavisufal

148
Teurgiad~, romelic `aiyoliebs~, gamoaRviZebs kacobrio-
bis miZinebul gonebas, raTa man ganyenebuli (abstraqtuli)
Teologia da ganyenebuli filosofia SeuerTos pozitiur
mecnierebebs da amgvarad gadaiqces `Tavisufal Teoso-
fiad~. SemoqmedebiT gamoRviZebuli goneba aRZravs keTi-
li qmedebis nebas, raTa `Tavisufal TeokratiaSi~ eklesia
SeuerTos saxelmwifosa da meurneobas. RvTaebis mamiseuli
(nebelobiT) da Ziseuli (logosi) potenciebi suliwmidis
SemoqmedebiTi potenciiT anu siyvarulis ZaliT erTian-
debian.
aq aSkarad Cans germanuli klasikuri esTetikis gavle-
na. upirveles yovlisa igulisxmeba kantis moZRvreba ge-
niosis Sesaxeb da hegelis moZRvreba mSvenierebis msoflio
istoriis Sesaxeb. kantis mixedviT, geniosi mxolod esTe-
tikuri Semoqmedebis saxelia, is gamoricxulia codnisa
da praqtikuli qmedebis sferoebSi, eTikurisa da politi-
kuris CaTvliT.
hegelis `leqciebi esTetikaSi~, mSvenierebis msoflio
istorias sam etapad, xelovnebis sam formad yofs. es
formebia: Zveli aRmosavleTis simboluri xelovneba, an-
tikuri klasikuri xelovneba da axali evropis romanti-
kuli (qristianuli) xelovneba. am ukanasknels `renesanss~
uwodeben. sinamdvileSi aranairi `aRorZineba~ (Zvelis aR-
dgena) ar SeiZleba moxdes. xelovnebis istoriulad gan-
vlili safexurebi _ simboluri da klasikuri formebi
romantikul xelovnebaSi integrirdeba principulad sxva
formiT, rac mSvenierebis absoluturi ideis TviTdab-
runebaa ganvlili safexurebis sinTezur savseobaSi. es
faza aRar saWiroebs esTetikuri gamosaxulebis rame moma-
val axal formas, radgan gadadis mSvenierebis absolutur
cnebaSi, mxatvrul gonSi, rac filosofiis sferoa da ara
xelovnebis.
albaT Zalian ar davSordebiT sinamdviles Tu vityviT,
rom vl. soloviovis `Tavisufali Teurgiis~ cneba hege-

149
lis mxatvruli gonis cnebis Taviseburi oreulia. im gan-
sxvavebiT, rom hegelis mixedviT xelovnebis formiT aRar
SeiZleba moxdes msoflio istoriis arsebiTi xdomilebani.
am mxriv, is ukve kacobriobis warsulia. xelovnebis kvdoma
saukuneebis manZilze gagrZeldeba. haidegeris sityviT, `es
is epoqaa, roca xelovneba Tavis arsebianad gandgomia ada-
mianis arss~ (haidegeri 1992 : 85).
xelovnebis kvdomis Sesaxeb debuleba hegelma Camoay-
aliba 1828-1829 w.w. berlinis universitetSi wakiTxul
`leqciebSi esTetikaze~. naxevari saukunis Semdeg, Sopen-
hauerisa da nicSes ganazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vl. so-
loviovi kvlav yuradRebis centrSi ayenebs xelovnebis
kvdomis problemas. ukve Sopenhauerma da nicSem uaryves
hegelis moZRvreba xelovnebis saboloo kvdomis Sesaxeb.
adamianTan erTad kvdeba uZravi wesrigis apolonuri xe-
lovneba, magram zekacis movlinebidan da sicocxlis ira-
cionaluri wiaRidan ibadeba `dioniseuli xelovneba~. vl.
soloviovis azriT hegeli gamoTqvams xelovnebis istoriis
mxolod erTi fazis WeSmaritebas.
vl. soloviovma Tavisi Teoriis poziciebidan gadaa-
muSava da gadaakeTa hegelis esTetika. xelovnebis msoflio
istoriis hegeliseuli sqema man Secvala Semdegi sqemiT:
1. dasabamiT iyo Zveli aRmosavluri xelovneba _ misti-
urisa da esTetikuris Tavis TavSi ganusxvavebeli substan-
ciuri erTianoba.
2. ueWvelia, rom Tanamedrove xelovnebis yvela saxe-
oba pirvelyofili mistiur-ritualuri praqtikebidan war-
moiSva, maTgan gamoyofis gziT. am meore fazaSi, vl. sol-
oviovma gaaerTiana xelovnebis klasikuri da romantikuli
formebi. pirvelyofili mTelis dezintegraciis procesSi
antikasTan Serwymuli romantika mivida TviTamowurvis
zRurblTan, romlis gamoxatulebaa ori polusi: `xelovne-
ba xelovnebisaTvis~ da sinamdvilis `mokazmvis~, morTvis
saqmianobad gadaqceuli xelovneba, _ teqnikuri esTetika.

150
magram `dasavluri civilizacia mxolod meore gardamava-
li fazaa kacobriobis ganviTarebisa.~ misi Sedegebi ar Sei-
Zleba iyo saboloo. is mxolod damdegi epoqis xelovnebis
winadRea.
3. damdegi `Tavisufali Teurgia~ iqneba Semoqmedebis
pirvelyofili gaunsxvavebeli mTelisa da meoradi dife-
renciaciis Tavisufali sinTezi. xelovneba (художество)
ganifineba samyaroul taZrulobamde.
xelovnebis dromoWmulobis koncefcia, vl. soloviov-
ma Secvala xelovnebis axali dasabamis koncefciiT, rom-
lis winamorbedad Tvlida dostoevskis. dostoevski ar
SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli rogorc kulturis Cveulebrivi
movlena; rogorc esTetikuri Rirebulebisa da sinamdvi-
lis `mokazmulobis~ sferos kuTvnileba.
n. berdiaevis azriT kacobriobis istoriaSi Tavisu-
flebis Sesaxeb yvelaze Rrma azri gamoTqva dostoevskim.
Zveli da axali aRTqma gvauwyebs adamianis codviTdace-
maze da qristesmier mis gamosyidvaze, magram wminda weri-
li dums gamosyidvis Semdeg RmerTis Canafiqrze. RvTis am
dumils aqvs Rrma sazrisi. RmerTi elodeba adamians, rom
man gabedos Tavisufleba RmerTTan urTierTobaSi, ada-
miani unda gaxdes RmerTis TanaSemoqmedi, anu axlis, jer
daudgenelis Semomtani samyaroSi. RmerTma TviTSezRuda
sakuTari winaswarmWvreteli yovlisganmsazRvreloba da
elodeba adamianis Tavisuflebas; yovldawmida sameba elis
Tavisive Seqmnil `meoTxe hipostass~, _ adamians; uZRebi
Svilis dabrunebas, romlis mimarTac Semoqmedma gamor-
icxa ZaladobiT damorCileba. adamianis qmnadoba jer ar
damTavrebula. is ver bedavs im saSineli pasuximgeblobis
Tavze aRebas, rom RmerTi elodeba usasrulo siyvarulSi
TanamonawileobisaTvis. ara marto adamiani itanjeba, ar-
amed RmerTic itanjeba misi qmnilebis dacemiT. berdiaevi
cdilobs dagvarwmunos, rom dostoevskim Semoitana Rmer-
Tisa da adamianis erToblivi tanjvis idea.

151
 § 31. androgeni

zekacis konceptualuri personaJi ruseTSi _ `mesame

RvTiuri potenciis~ matarebeli mesame sqesis, androgenis
saxiT warmogvidgeba.
`mesame sqesis~ filosofia cdilobs Tavis gamocxadeb-
iT wyarod aqcios ganaxlebuli da aRorZinebuli kacobri-
obis anu `samyaroseuli eklesiis~ mdedri saxe bibliaSi.
gamoTqma `eklesia _ sZali uflisa~ gulisxmobs logossa
da sofias Soris saqorwino urTierTobis models. bibliis
wigni `qebaT qeba~ suliwmidisa da adamianis sulis urTier-
Tobas gamoxatavs satrfialo lirikis nimuSis mixedviT.
androgenis arqauli miTi mogviTxrobs orsqesiani arse-
bebis Sesaxeb, romlebic RmerTebma, urCobisaTvis dasajes
imiT, rom or nawilad gahyves. mas Semdeg mdedri eZebs Ta-
vis mamr meore naxevars, xolo mamri Tavis mdedr meore nax-
evars. es miTi platonis mier Taviseburad iqna restavrire-
buli da Setanili siyvarulis metafizikaSi. Semdeg es Tema
intesiurad muSavdeba aristoteles, Sopenhaueris, nicSes,
froidis da postmodernul genderis TeoriebSi.
renesansuli xelovnebis didi mxatvrebi aRadgenen an-
drogenis preistoriul da antikur miTs; qmnian androgen-
ur mxatvrul qmnilebebs. leonardo davinCis `jokonda~,
rogorc xelovanis faruli avtoportreti, arc usqeso
arsebaa da arc qalabiWuri hermafroditizmis inkarnacia.
esaa mdedri da mamri formebis SesaZlo srulyofili sin-
Tezis winasaxe. amaSia mTeli romantikuli xelovnebis an-
drogenizmis arsi.
XIX-XX saukuneebis rusul religiur filosofiaSi, sa-
myaro, sadac dayofilia sqesi, aseve gayofilia `miwieri
venera~ _ sqesobrivi ltolva da `zeciuri venera~ _ sulTa
erTmaneTSi urTierTCasaxleba gamTlianebisa da srulobis
miRwevis mizniT, yofierebis yovladmTlianobis dezinte-
graciis gamovlinebaa. mesame aRTqmis gamocxadebis molo-

152
dinSi erotikas eniWeba adamianSi samoTxiseburi sqemis an-
drogenuli saxis aRdgenis misia.
am sakiTxSi rusuli religiuri filosofia or ganStoe-
bad iyofa. vl.soloviovi da nikoloz berdiaevi varaudo-
ben, rom sqesi da qorwineba gardamavali formaa, romelic
androgenur idealSi moixseneba. sergi bulgakovi, vasili
rozanovi, dimitri mereJkovski fiqroben, rom erotiuli
sawyisis metamorfozebi gagrZeldeba TviT esqatologiur
perspeqtivebSic.
sergi bulgakovi sofiologiuri interpretaciis saxiT
ganavrcobs adamianis Seqmnis bibliur koncefcias. adami-
anis Seqmna grZeldeba adamidan evas, misi meore naxevris
Seqmnamde. adamis wiaRidan evas gamoyofas hqonda ontolo-
giuri sazrisi. eva ar SeiZleba darCeniliyo adamis form-
alur SesaZleblobad. evas sxeulis Secnobis gareSe, ad-
ami Tavisi sxeulisa da qmnili samyaros samyaroobasac ver
Seicnobda.
XX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTSi fexs idgams `axali
religiuri cnobiereba~. mis adeptebs aerTianebT `saerTo
intuiciebi~ istoriuli qristianobis ara-srulobis Ses-
axeb. maT Soris gamoirCeva `rus nicSed~ wodebuli vasili
rozanovi. is nicSeseburi meTodiT ayalibebs azrovnebis
figurebs. aRsareba, rogorc hermenevtikuli ileTi, av-
lens religiuri cnobierebis im mxares, romelic cenzuris
represiuli wesrigiTaa daTrgunvili da gandevnili. es
`bneli mxarea~: sqesi da seqsi.
rozanovis mixedviT, warmarToba bunebrivi anu sqe-
sis religiaa, sadac centraluri adgili ukavia `taZrul
prostitucias~ da hierogamias. istoriuli qristianoba
seqsis akrZalviT antireligia ufroa vidre religia. misi
arabunebrivoba axSobs sicocxlis mistiur sawyisebs. si-
cocxlis mistiuri `naSTebi~ Tavis gamovlenas pouloben
rusul `raskolnikobaSi~- Zvelmowesni, xlistebi, skopce-
bi, malaknebi sxvadasxva mxriv miiswrafvian bunebrivi re-

153
ligiis aRdgenisaken. rozanovis TqmiT, dostoevskis `leg-
enda did inkvizitorze~ amxels ara-bunebrivi religiis sam
burjs: saidumlo, saswauli da avtoriteti. dostoevskis
idealia religia, romelic uars ambobs am sam cdunebaze,
TviTon qristem, rom uaryo udabnoSi. istoriuli ekle-
sia dahyva eSmakis am sam cdunebas. sasicocxlo samyarosa
da kulturis uaryofiT, seqsualurobis kontrolis meS-
veobiT, eklesiam Tavis xelSi aiRo Tavisufleba, romelic
Semoqmedma adamians mianiWa.
qristes evangeliuri moZRvreba eklesiam ganmarta ro-
gorc sindisis qenjniT nakarnaxevi TviTmorCileba, Zveli
aRTqmis mamisadmi represiuli morCilebis nacvlad. roza-
novis TqmiT, amas adamianis bunebidan Tavisuflebis srul
amoZirkvamde mivyevarT. RmerTis cneba iqca kaTedrebsa da
faklutetebs Soris sqolastikuri davis sagnad. amas mo-
hyva cxovrebis yvela sferos sekularizacia reformaciisa
da ganmanaTleblobis periodSi. rozanovis prognoziT,
postsekularul momavalSi aRdgeba apokatastasuri Tavi-
sufali bunebrivi religia.11
momavlis postsekularul religiaSi amosavali iqneba
iesos saxe, romelic akurTxebs `sasicocxlo samyaros~
qorwilSi kanas galileaSi da tiris Tavisi megobris, laz-

11 Amy Derogatis, “Brn Again is a Sexual Term”, Demons, stDs, and cod’s Heil-
ing Sperm Journal of the American Aacademy of Religioon, volume 77, NUMRER 2
IUNE 2009 WWW.iaar.oxfordjournals.org p.275 avtori ikvlevs sekuraluri
seqsis alternativas evangeluri seqsis (Holi Sex)saxiT. agreTve ganixi-
lavs seqsualuri demonis da erotiuli egzocizmis (Exorcism) sakiTxebs,
specialur TavSi ganxilulia “seqsualuri teqnologiebis spiritualur
seqsSi”. gamokvlevaSi Tematizebulia “momavlis seqsualobis modeli”.
P.284
eliades mixedviT `adamianTa yvelanair kavSirs Tavisi modeli da
sayrdeni aqvs hierogamiaSi, bunebrivi elementebis kosmiuri sekavSirebis
miTebSi~ ... avtori miuTiTebs `paleo-orientalistur tradiciaze~: im
dRes, roca RvTaeba iSTarma Tamuzis sareceli gaiziara, mefe taZris
saidumlo oTxaSi, qalRmerTis sarecelze col-qmrul kavSirs amyarebs
ierodulTan (taZris qalTan), mis miwier gansaxierebasTan. rituali ta-
ZarSi koleqtiuri orgiiT mTavrdeboda (eliade2017 : 47,83,85,97).
154
ares gardacvalebis gamo. seqsualobis istoria gadava an-
drogenis fazaSi. romelzec platoni laparakobda. mamrad
da mdedrad dayofil TviToeul naxevaradamianSic, sx-
vadasxva doziT orive sawyisia Serwymuli, amitom SesaZloa
maTi sinTezi _ urTierTSevseba. androgeni zekacis formaa.
rozanovi saubrobs `mTvaris Suqis adamianebze~, sicocx-
lis virtuozebze, romlebic gamoscemen sinaTles, siTbos
gareSe. `mesame sqesis~ zekacTa modgmaSi moixsneba gaoreba
erossa da Tanatoss Soris, romelic Tavis TavSi atarebs
`sulierebis~ xist mtrobas Tavisive tanisadmi, saboloo
jamSi sicocxlis dasabamieri mamisadmi.

155
 Tavi VI. enis qadagi.
ontoTeologiuri hermenevtika

$ 32. saubari kardusTan

aq unda vaxsenoT grigol robaqiZe: misi `miTosuri

goniTmetyveleba~ da `kardusTan saubrebi~. ra (Tu vin)
aris `kardu~? es `miTiuri Taurmdgeni~ da `pirvel-mdgeni~
(urheber) sityva `qarTvelis~ transliteraciaa. aRniSnavs:
universalur ena-miToss.
`didi kardu~, `cxovelmyofeli aramaterialuri
pirvelsawyisi~, personificirebuli miTiuri RvTaebaa,
oRond es ena-RvTaeba ar aris individualuri persona.
kardu, _ ambobs mwerali _ `azrovnebs bevrad ufro Rrmad,
vidre calkeuli pirovneba, Tugind genialuri ... moazre
aq xalxia TviTon: krebuli pirovneba, Taviseburi cocxali
arsi~.
`kardu~ winareistoriuli ganzomilebaa enisa, e.i. is
fenia, sadac jer kidev ar aris gamoyofili verbaluri ar-
tikulacia da miTosuri ganzomileba.
kardu-hermenevtikam cxadia, garkveuli gavlena iqonia
filosofiuri hermenevtikis ganviTarebaze saqarTveloSi.
Ggrigol robaqiZe erTgan wers: `movaled vTvli Tavs erTi
qarTveli moazre vaxseno: Salva nucubiZe. an aRadgina qar-
Tuli filosofiuri kulturis tradicia, bedis ukuRmar-
TobiT sakunoebSi Sewyvetili. XI saukuneSi, gaixseneT, Cven,
qarTvelni, proklesac ki vkiTxulobdiT petriwonils mier
qarTulad Targmnils! kardus sityva am TargmanSi ise momar-
jvebulia, rom _ aq frazas ar davamTavreb: amas, erTxelacaa,
Salva nucubiZe gadaSlis TviTon~. (robaqiZe 1989 : 2.8)
ratom Sewyvita `fraza~ memiTe mweralma? an ra `gadaSa-
la~ `TviTon Salva nucubiZem~? is, rasac robaqiZe uwodebs
`kardus sityva petriwonelis TargmanSi~. `uwyebaa ori

156
eqstazis: qristes eqstazis da enis eqstazis~. es `kardus~
TviTuwyebaa. kardu-enaSi imTaviTve Sesulia RvTis sity-
va (verbum dei) pirvel-sityva, mxsneli sityva ieso qriste,
rogorc Taursazrisi. poeturi gamoTqma `Taursazrisis~
ametyveleba, kvlavasityveba ‘~gaSaireba~, kvldabrunebaa
cxovelmyofelobis ganaxlebaa.
`kardusTan saubari~ poetur enaze iwyeba rusTavelis
poemis dasawyisSive ritualuri galobiT, `maradisobaSi
ritualuri SeWriT~ (r.barti) ` robaqiZis meditacia gvixs-
nis, rom qarTuli sityva `mzera~ `kardu-goniTmetyvelebis~,
rogorc enis saidumlos (misterium verbum), TviTvlenis,
`gadmoRvris~ modelia. am TaursityvaSi `mze~ da `xedva~
aRasruleben qorwinebis misterias, `mziur orgias~. qa-
jur sibrZnes gandobili vaJa-fSavelas mindia gamoavlens
pirvelsityvis ganfenas yovel yofierSi. rasac dRes si-
tyva `sazrisi~ ewodeba, vaJa-fSavela gamoTqvams sityviT
`rjuli~: `suyvelas rjuli hqonia, ara yofila urjulo~.
robaqiZe vaJas uwodebs germanul sityvas `urmenS~, rac mi-
axloebiT iTargmneba, rogorc Taurkaci, dasabamierkaci.

$ 33. enis qadagi

termini `onto-Teo-logia~ saazrovno ganwyobas

gamoTqvams, romelSic ena-logosi xdeba hermenvtikuli on-
tologiis horizonti. `hermenevtika gulisxmobs imas, rom
sityvas imad yofna minebdes, rac is aris, raTa man Tavad
isityvos da TviTgamomzeurdes~ (baramiZe 1993 :127).
saidan iRebs `fenomenologi~ gamomavlinebel saTaves?
zogadi pasuxi aseTia _ `TviTon enis gonidan~, rac TviTme-
tyvelebis saSualebas iZleva. `sityvis goni~ ise Casaxldeba
moazreSi, rom arTqma aRar SeuZlia. gavixsenoT: lev tol-
stois `ver davdumdebi~, an galaktionis `oRond vTqva~.
ena rogorc metafizikuri stiqia vlindeba garkveul

157
ganwyobilebebSi (Zrwola, mowyeniloba da sxv.). isini Tvi-
Ton `CaiWeren~, `Seipyroben~ mowodebuls; maTiT Sekruli
da Zleuli azrovneba minebdeba Tavis mowodebas, radgan
grnobs, rom mxolod ase gamova cruenidan da arsebulebs
zustad im saxels dauZaxebs, rac maT Sinaganad (sakuTrivad)
hqviaT; ase gaugonebs samyaro da ase SeZlebs `mwyemsos yo-
fiereba~.
azrovneba rogorc mowodeba uaxlovdeba `qadagis~ ga-
mocdilebas. cxadia, Tu `TviT sagnebi~ alaparakdnen, maSin
msmeneli gaqadagdeba. mkiTxvels uCndeba safuZveli, rom `
hermenevtikuli fenomenologiis~ `lirikul gmirSi~ Seic-
nos `enis qadagi~.
es `saidumlo~ ar aris RvTismetyvelebiTi saidumlo.
RvTismetyvelebiTi saidumlos sawyisi samebis madlismieri
gamocdilebaa; xolo madlismieri saidumlo mxolod sameb-
iseuli saidumlo SeiZleba iyos.
aseve ara gvaqvs aq saqme ezoTerul saidumlosTan. ezo-
Terizmi ar arsebobs ritualis gareSe. hermenevtikuli sa-
muSao arafers ritualurs ar Seicavs. rituali saerTod
ar aris `enis qadagis~ samuSaod iaraRi.
enis saidumlosadmi mtrulia tradiciuli filosofiis
Seucnobadi (agnostikuri) _ `noumeni~, rogorc kanti uwo-
debda. saidumlo ar aris gnoseologiuri sidide. saerTod
ar aris `sagani~ (ara aqvs `gani~) da maSasadame, arc Semec-
nebis sagani.
aseTivea kulturis TiTqmis yvela sferoSi SeWrili
fantastikac. fantastika crusaidumloa, falsificire-
buli, xelovnurad `fabrikuli wesiT~ damzadebuli; `meta-
fizikuri SimSilis~ kompensaciad iyeneben xolme.
maS ra bunebisaa enis qadagis naqadagevi `idumaleba~?
moazrovneTa nawilma, vinac zekacis idea ar miiRo da verc
axali gamocxadebis molodins Seegua, enis wiaRSi scada
RvTis nakvalevis moZieba. es igive idumalebis Zebna iyo.
`enis qadagic~ maZiebelTagania; imaTTagani, vinac RmerTis

158
`aq yofna~ moisaklisa, visac autanlad `Semoaklda~ wminda
da vinac, amave dros ar gamoricxavs misi gamocdilebis
SesaZleblobas. misTvis eqsistencialur-~semantikuri~
Rvawli primarulia amgvari SesaZleblobis TvalsazrisiT;
aq `ufro metia~ SesaZlebloba `saidumlos siaxlovisa~, vi-
dre sxva ganzomilebebSi; metia (upiratesia) Sansi imisa, rom
yofnis (da aryofnis) saidumlo ganicado da SenSi acxovro.
`ontoTeologiuri~ saidumlo sxva araferia Tu ara `TviT
dasabamis~ gancdis, gamocdilebis SesaZleblobis saxeli.
saiT SeiZleba wavides `TemSaraze~ mdgari `enis qadagi~
_ `modrekili adamiani~, romelmac goneba gulSi moaqcia
da principuli saidumlos winaSe dadga? visma fantaziamac
warmoaisaxa ufskruli viTarca `xsnili naTeli~, xolo sa-
kuTari usafuZvloba ontoTeologirui saidumlos saxiT
SeisakuTra?
iqneb ufskrulis idumalebaSi gamobrwyindes `samebis
saidumlo? maSin `enis qadagi~ iqceoda `samebis qadagad~,
xolo misi msoflmxedvelobiTi horizonti `merve dRis~
horizontad dakonkretdeboda; igi Sevidoda bibliur
droSi. Sesaqmes mixedviT, dro eqvsi dRiT amoiwureba; `meS-
vide dResa... SabaTsa Sina ganvisvenoTo~. gulisxmobs mon-
akveTs gardacvalebidan meored mosvlamde. `merve dRed~
iwodeba sayovelTao aRdgomisa da saSineli samsjavros
Jami. maSin `TemSaris kaci~ iqceoda `taZris kacad~, tran-
scendireba ganRmrTobis (Teozisis) Sinaarss gamoavlenda,
magram `mesame mcnebis~ metafizikuri maxsovroba meTodur
principad qceula. taZruli sjulis mesame muxli gveub-
neba: `ara miiRo uflisa RvTisa Senisa saxeli amosa zeda~.
amdenad, SeiZleba vilaparakoT Segnebul apofazisze.
`saRmrTo saxelebi~ hermenevtikuli samuSaos miRma rCeba.
filosofiisa da Teologiis harmonizeba krZalavs `dogma-
tikuri RvTismetyvelebis~ sferoSi Sesvlas. aq saerTod
ar xdeba im sakiTxis Tematizeba, Tu ra pirobebSi SeuZlia
sibrZnes rogorc aseTs, iarsebos religiuri gamocxadebis

159
ueWvelobaze koncentrirebuli eqsistenciis gverdiT, an
mis SigniT?
haidegeris gviandel SromebSi hermenvtika interpreta-
cias awarmoebs gagebis yovlismomcveli enobrivi bunebidan
amosvliT. hermenevtikuli cdis fundamentia enobrivi gar-
esamyaro (vmwelt). samyaro mxolod imdenad gaigeba, ramde-
nadac iqceva adamianis sacxovrisad, romelic savsea mniSvn-
elobebiT, yofierebis TviTCenis niSnebiT. ukve humboltTan
umTavresi anTropologiuri amocana xdeba adamianis eno-
brivi bunebis Semecneba; radgan swored ena aniWebs adamians
sulier Zalas. gvqondes ena, niSnavs gqondes samyaro.
`yofiereba da dro~ dausrulebeli proeqtia, misi meo-
re nawilis dawera saWirod aRar CaTvala avtorma; rogorc
Cans is grZnobda Catarebuli analizis ukmarisobas, romlis
centria sikvdilisaken yofna. adamianuri arseboba `Cagdeb-
ulia~ Sobasa da sikvidils Soris gaSlil eqsistencialuri
velis SuagulSi. aq mxolod ori gzaa: an daiviwyo sikvdi-
li, Tavi moityuo; an gabedo moZraoba sikvdilisaken. `eni-
saken Semobrunebis~ Semdeg haidegeri fiqrobs, rom yofnis
unars adamians aniWebs `sityvis Zala~. marTalia haidegers
`yofiereba da droSi’ Catarebuli analizis Sedegebi ar
gauuqmebia, magram clileba `adreul~ da `gviandel~ haid-
egers Soris mainc aSkaraa. gviandel haidegerTan adamiani
Tavis namdvilobas eZebs ara `sikvdilisaTvis yofnaSi~, ar-
amed miTopoeturi metyvelebis hierofaniebSi (siwmindis-
CenaSi). es ukve sxva ram aris, vidre sakuTari sikvdilis
momlodine auTenturi eqsistencia.
aRmsareblur TeologiasTan da Teistur metafizikas-
Tan yovelgvari kavSiris gareSe miTopetiuri metyveleba
vlindeba, rogorc sityvis aqtualuri xdomileba. poeturi
ena amJRavnebs samyaros, romelSic adamiani ganicdis da
ganmartavs wmindas, RvTaebrivis kvals. galaktionis si-
tyviT `aris wminda poezia da musika aris Sori~. wminda
poeziis hierofaniuri metyveleba STaagonebs da amzadebs

160
adamians RmerTis molodinisaTvis.
haidegeris `enisken Semobrunebas~ gadameri qristo-
logias ukavSirebs, rac misi cnobiT, yovelTvis asuldg-
mulebda Tavisi didi maswavleblis azrovnebas (gadameri
2017 : 193).
gadameri aRniSnavs, rom saxarebaSi gamocxadebuli da
berZnuli filosofiis `logosebis~ urTierTgadakveTa xs-
nis sruliad axal viTarebas. esaa enobriv garemod qceuli
samyaro, anu adamianis mSobliuri sacxovrisi. berZnuli
logosi arsebiTad gansxvavdeba saxarebiseuli sityvisagan.
logosi laTinur sqolastikaSi iTargmneba rogorc Ratio.
sityvis qristianuli gageba gamomdianreobs samebis miste-
riidan. qristeSoba, gankaceba aris RvTis sityvis Soba, ma-
ma-RmerTis mTeli RvTiuri azri sruliad aris gamoTqmuli
Ze-sityvaSi, ieso qristeSi, samebis meore pirSi. RvTis si-
tyvis Soba ganixileba rogorc namdvili saxe samebis said-
umlosi.
mamisa da Zis erTarsobis misteria Tavis srul gamoxat-
ulebas poulobs enaSi. RmerTi gankacda, sityvad iqca. ena
yovelTvis aris sityva. `dasabamiT iyo sityva da sityva iyo
RmerTTan~ (ioane 1.1.). adamianuri mimarTeba azrovnebasa da
metyvelebasa Soris, Seesabameba sampirovnul urTierTobas
samebis Sida wiaRSi. sityva iseTive erTarsia azrovnebisa,
rogorc Ze-RmerTi mama-RmerTisa da suliwmindisa.12 ada-
mianuri sityva ar aris srultofili, ar aris TviTkmari,
is unda iSvas ena-saxlSi, enobriv garesamyaroSi, romelic
qristes SuamavlobiT pirvelad iZens Tavis srul WeS-
maritebas (gadameri 1998 : 497). aq Tavis namdvil safuZv-
els poulobs is, rasac Cven vuwodebT hermenevtikul cdas.
rogor unda gavigoT haidegeriseuli `RmerTis molodini~.
is rasac haidegeri eZebda da poulobda poetur enaSi, ar
12 haidegeris hermenevtikis Teologiur interpretaciaze CvenSic
iwereba. ix. v.ramiSvili `qristes paradigma da haidegeris ontologia~.
`wminda samebis da qristes mimarTeba aris prototipi, adamianis yofi-
erebasTan mimarTebisa~ (`religia~, NN4-5-6, 68. Tbilisi 2003).
161
aris Zveli da axali aRTqmebis (iudeo-qristianuli) re-
ligiebis Semdgomi, axli mesame gamocxadebis, suliwmidis
gamocxadebis molodinis religia. erTi interpretaciis
mixedviT, haidegeris `molodini~ aris RmerTis `imanen-
turobis mtkice aRiareba~. moazrovne imas ki ar eZebs Tu
rodis da sad unda velodoT RmerTis gamocxadebas, aramed
imas Tu ra niSniT moaxdina RmerTma Tavisi gamocxadeba
(samareli 2001 : 212). es niSnebi moiTxoven sxvagvar enas
da damokidebulebas vidre tradiciulad Teisturi meta-
fizikis cnebiTi aparati da samyaros teqnologiuri inter-
pretaciis diskursi.
gavixsenoT nikoloz baraTaSvilis taepi:
`mwams rom ars ena ram saidumlo uhasakoTac da
usulT Soris,
da ucxoveles sxvaTa enaTa ars mniSvneloba
maTi saubris~

$ 34. Sori gziT enisaken

`hermenevtika da semiotika erTmaneTis mo-
sisxle mtrebi arian~
miSel fuko

`enis qadagis~ gamocdileba, enis wiaRSi hermenvtikuli

wiaRsvla Sors dgas Tanamedrove lingvisturi filoso-
fiisagan da semiotikisagan. Tanamedrove hermenevtikis
gamowvevebs Soris pol rikeri pirvel adgilze ayenebs ni-
Sanisa da intepretaciis antonimias. niSani win uswrebs in-
terpretacias Tu piriT, interpretacia niSnavs. am niadagze
dapirispirebaSi modian hermenevtika da semiotika, rogorc
`erTmaneTis mosisxle mtrebi~. aris Tu ara mzad Taname-
drove filosofia am gamowvevebs gaumklavdes?

162
 vcadoT am gamowvevebSi garkveva. rikioris ganmarte-
biT, semantikuri problematika Zireulad gansxvavdeba
semiologiuri problematikisagan, imiT, rom niSani mi-
iswrafvis universalurobisaken referenciis meSveobiT.
`davupirispiro niSani niSans _ es semiologiis funqciaa;
warmoidgino realoba niSnis daxmarebiT _ esiori 353) se-
miologiis veli semantikis xedvis areSia moqceuli. niSnis
artikulacia damokidebulia aRmniSvnel anu reprezenta-
ciis funqciaze.
fukos mixedviT, Tanamedrove hermenevtikaSi interpre-
tacia win uswrebs niSans. niSani XVI saukuneSi keTilmo-
surne arss warmoadgenda. mas endobodnen, iseve rogorc
sagnebis erTmaneTisadmi msgavseba ganixileboda RmerTis
keTilmowyalebis martiv mtkicebulebad. XIX saukuneSi, in-
terpretaciis teqnikebSi momxdari gadatrialebis Sedegad,
niSans Tavis TavSi aRmoaCndeba orazrovani saeWvo mxare
… is raRacaa, rac sinamdvileSi sxvaa, magram, sxva ramed
gviCvenebs Tavs~. (fuko 2017 : 40) niSnebi mxolod da mxolod
niRbebia da sxva araferi, romlis ukan dgas Zalaufleba.
am saidumlos gamomJRavnebis Semdeg, interpretacia
dgas aucileblobis winaSe usasrulod ganmartos Tavisi
Tavi da Tavis Tavs daubrundes. sityva-interpretacia aq
sityva `Zalauflebis~ Sinaarss iZens.
erTaderTi realuri safrTxe, aRniSnavs fuko _ inter-
pretacias niSnis mxridan emuqreba. `interpretaciisaTvis
sikvdili iqneboda niSanTa pirveladoba, sawyisiseuloba
da realoba, maTi sistemuri kavSirebi rom dagvejerebi-
na ... amis sapirispirod ki misi sicocxle iqneboda imis
dajereba, rom araferi arsebobs garda interpretaciisa~
(fuko,42).
Tanamedrove struqturuli lingvistika pirdapir
mtrul pozicias ikavebs `enis qadagis~ mimarT. semiolo-
gia zogadi mecnierebaa niSanTa Sesaxeb da ikvlevs niSanTa
artikulacias, kalsifikacias da geneziss. niSnis genezisi

163
saWiroebs artikulacias, magram ar saWiroebs subieqts. ena
TviTkmari sistemaa da damoukidebelia molaparake subi-
eqtebisagan. kvlevis velidan unda amoRebuli iqnas `tran-
scendentaluri subieqti~ rogorc niSanTa makontituire-
beli instancia, ena subieqtis gareSe struqturalizmis
saerTo amosavalia. uaryofilia yovelgvari filosofia,
romelic niSanTa da simboloTa aRmocenebas subieqtSi aT-
avsebs. niSnis warmoSoba da Semdeg mniSvnelobis miniWeba
anu diskursis formireba semiotikis sagania. amitom is
konkretul diskursul praqtikebs swavlobs.
rikiori fiqrobs, rom dapirispireba hermenevtikasa da
struqturul lingvistikas Soris imis bralia rom xdeba
semantikisa da semiotikis aRreva. semiologia ikvlevs niS-
nebs, xolo semantika mniSvnelobebs, sazrisul warmonaqm-
nebs, dikurs-enis aqtualur sicocxles. Cixidan ver gamov-
alT Tu ar vipoveT gasasvleli enidan diskursze.
unda vaRiaroT, rom enis aRmoceneba ar saWiroebs subi-
eqts, cnobierebas, Cogito-s. magram semiologiuri wesrigi
ar aris sruliad ena. niSanTa wesrigi unda gadavides dis-
kursSi anu mniSvnelobis velze. unda vaRiaroT kogniciis
veli subieqtis gareSe. huserlma es ar dauSva da es iyo misi
yvelaze didi Secdoma. subieqti, Tavisi arsiT, yovelT-
vis aris moalaparake subieqti. amitom sametyvelo aqtis
fenomenologia unda ganvasxvavoT enis mkacri lingvistu-
ri sistemisagan. diskursi akavSirebs enas da metyvelebas.
samyaro da subieqti TviTgamorkvevas awarmoeben.
`Cven avirCieT Sori SemovliTi gza~, _ wers rikiori,
aucilebelia ganvasxvavoT semantika semiotokisagan, da
aseve moTminebiT davakavSiroT ena da metyveleba diskur-
sis muSaobaSi, romelSiac enis sistema sityvis aqtualur
xdomilebad iqceva.
SevajamoT yovelive rac iTqva `enis qadagze~. samebisa
da adamianuri enis analogia dasturdeba sityviT, romelSic
Sesulia sazrisi, mxsneli sityva. enis misteriumi unda

164
gavigoT trinitruli misteriumis mixedviT. erTarsi da
sampirovani RmerTi samebis personaTa (hipostasTa) urT-
ierTmimarTebaSi zedroulia, adamianuri azri ki droSi
iSleba, magram TviTon azrovneba Tavisi arsiT zedrou-
lia; erTbaSad aalda, ganaTlda saazrovno samyaros mniS-
vnelobebi. magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom samyaro gasagebi
gaxda. sazrisis miniWebis, gagebisa da ganmartebis procesi
dausruleblad grZeldeba `aqtidan aqtisaken~, svla `mara-
dis sakuTar Tavze maRla~ (basili didi), rogorc wminda
aqtualoba.
haidegeris `enisken mobruneba~, misi ori didi `memkvid-
ris~, gadamerisa da pol rikoris interpretaciaSi gagebu-
lia, rogorc `moqceva~ wm.samebisaken. oRond es moqceva
xdeba SemovliTi, Sori gziT, radgan araviTari sxva gza,
araviTari pirdapiri, mokle gza filosofias ar gaaCnia.
enis qadagi aris samebis faruli qadagi.

165
 Tavi VII. zekacis SeZrwuneba da kraxi.
eqsistencialuri hermenevtika

$ 35. adamianis gadalaxva: sikvdilis hermenevtika

gadameris ZiriTadi Tezisi, hermenevtikam batonobis

codna unda gardaqmnas msaxurebis codnad, uSualod ex-
maureba zekacis koncept-personaJs, romelic axorcielebs
bruns adamianis formisaken. amJamad farTodaa gavrcele-
buli `yovedRiurobis analizidan~ amozrdili filoso-
fiuri paradigmebi. Cveni gamokvleva meTodis mxriv, amis
sapirispiro gziT midioda: Tanamedroveobis mTavari fi-
losofiuri paradigma _ `zekaci~, misi ZiriTadi formebi
da momentebi _ humanoidi, kombinatori, miTis kaci da taZ-
ris kaci Cven swored yoveldRiuri sazrisis gamovlenis
WrilSi warmoavdgineT. saamisod ki TiTqmis yvelgan vi-
mowmebdiT Zalzed cnobil filosofiur teqstebs. zekacis
msoflmxedvelobis Temtizeba mTavar eqsistencialur pun-
qtSi moiTxovs dasasrulis Tematikis damuSavebas.
Tanamedrove filosofia Tavis yvelaze Rrma da gavle-
nian gamovlinebebSi daunawevrebel nimuSebze mijaWvulo-
bidan aSvebas da gansxvavebebis velze gasvlas mieswrafvis.
am miswrafebaSi Cans faruli zrunva da mowodeba sikvdi-
lis hermenevtikul aTvisebaze.
erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavoT sikvdili, rogorc her-
menevtikuli situacia da sikvdilis hermenevtika, rogorc
sikvdilis Sesaxeb `diadi teqstebis~ SeTxzva da ganmarteba
(nikitaevi 2016: 111). hermenevtikuli situacia, romelSic
sikvdilis hermenevtikuli teqstebi iqmneba, orazrovnebi-
Ta da siZneleebiT gamoirCeva. mxolod ramdenime iseT
konturze miTiTebiT davkmayofildeT, romelTa Sesaxe-
bac aTasjer Tqmula: a) realurad ar arasebobs sikvdilis
gamocdileba. cnobiereba sikvdilis, rogorc dasasrulis
zRvars verasodes aRwevs da sazRvriT situaciad rCeba; b)
normalurobis kodiT akrZalulia sikvdili wesebis gareSe,
166
anu postmodernis kliSeebis gareSe. sikvdili daSvebulia
mxolod damamSvidebeli gadavadebis kodis farglebSi; g)
imdenad gansxvavdebian sikvdilis mecnieruli, Teologi-
uri da filosofiuri modelebi, rom saWiro xdeba maTi,
jer-jerobiT yrud daxSuli gamaerTianebeli horizontis
gaxsna. am mxriv, erTaderTi mocemulobaa Zalauflebisa
da sikvdilis ormxrivi kavSiri.~raki sistema mklavs neli
sikvdiliT, me mas vupasuxeb daCqarebuli, Zaladobri-
vi sikvdiliT~ (bodriari 2000 : 283). dRis wesrigSi dgas
sikvdilze dadebuli yvela akrZalvebis moxsna. amas Cveni
TemisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs.
sikvdilis Tanamedrove saxes gansazRvravs sikvdilis
Seuqcevadobis, fatalurobis miTi. es miTi, erT mxriv,
moqceulia evoluciis sqemaSi, magram rogorc bodriari
SeniSnavs, mas araferi aqvs saerTo biologiur sikvdilTan.
organizmis elementarulma nawilakebma da genetikurma ko-
debma sikvidili ar ician. subieqtis subieqturoba yovel-
wamierad irRveva, uwyvet rRvevaSia subieqtis identobis
nawilebi (Tmebi, frCxilebi, nivTierebaTa cvla), magram
genetikuri kodi organizmis matarebeli subieqtisagan
damoukideblad inarCunebs informaciis gadacemis unars.
es rac Seexeba biologiur sikvdils. simbolur velzec
mtyundeba sikvdilis Seuqcevadobis miTi, am velze muSaobs
sikvdilis Seqcevadobis, kvlavSobis maradiuli kvlavdab-
runebis universaluri miTi. sikvdilsa da sicocxles urT-
ierTSeqcevadoba axasiaTebT.
sinamdvileSi subieqti arasodes ar aris raRac mocemu-
loba. adamianis arseba imTaviTve, yovelgvar mocemulobam-
de yovelTvis ukve imyofeba pirvelad SoreTSi, sikvdili-
saken usasrulo moZraobis gardasaxvaTa ciklSi. sikvdilis
fatalurobis miTidan gamomdinareobs sikvdilis sistema-
turi uaryofa, simboluri Sekveca da sicocxlis qvantite-
turi (raodenobrivi) dagrovebis strategia; raodenobrivi
gazomvadi sicocxlis gaxangrZliveba. sikvdili iraciona-
luria, ara-humanuria da amitom is ikrZaleba, ganidevneba;
bioteqnologiebis daxmarebiT saWiro xdeba sicocxlis
167
kapitalis dagroveba, ekonomiuri kapitalis analogiurad
sicocxlis kvlavwarmoeba.
momakvdavi kargavs uflebas icodes, rom kvdeba. is
klinikaSi deportirebuli kvdeba. sikvdili aRar aris
sakraluri movlena, is daqveiTebulia klinikur movle-
namde. klinikebSic aravinaa momakvdavi. aseTi ganyofileba
ar arsebobs. aravis aqvs ufleba Tavi gamoacxados momakv-
davad. vinc isurvebs momakvdavs gaesaubros Tavis sikvdil-
ze, mas klinikidan aZeveben. aseTia sikvdilis Tanamedrove
saxe. misi erT-erTi gamovlenaa kriogenizacia, _ momkvda-
vis gayinva momavalSi misi gacocxlebis imediT. Cveni civi-
lizacia bodriaris SeniSvniT, cdilobs kompiuterul qse-
lebSi moaxdinos msoflio mexsierebis cifruli kodireba,
(damarxva, gayinva), raTa ucnob momavalSi, hipoTeturi zea-
damianis, gonieri arsebebis mier iqnes xelaxla aRmoCenili.
adamianuri sasicocxlo samyaro amgvarad emzadeba cifru-
li mexsierebis meoxebiT sikvdilis Semdgomi sicocxlisaT-
vis.

$ 36. sikvdilis mecnieruli modeli

`sikvdili adamianSi ufro Zireulia vidre
TviTon adamiani~
martin haidegeri

amerikeli fsiqologi da samedicino eqsperimentato-

ri raimond moudi Tvlis, rom `Cven mivadeqiT gardamaval
eras mecnierebaSi ... rac `aratradiciul obiqtebSi SeWriT
aRiniSneba.~ erT-erTi aseTi aratradiciulo obieqtia
sikvdili. unda moixsnas ormagi tabu, romelic mas daadges
samecniero da religurma instanciebma.
sikvdilis Semdeg arsebobis eqsperimentuli Seswavla
ver mogcems TviT sikvdilis arsis srul Semecnebas, magram
am meTodikiT sruliad SesaZlebelia arsebobis sxva saxe-
168
obaSi gadasvlis velis Semecneba.
ramdenad aris dakvirvebadi da aRweradi sikvdili `sx-
visi sikvdilis~ modusSi? SesaZloa Tu ara sxvisi gamoc-
dilebis Teoriuli dastruqtureba? moduri aRiareba, rom
jer kidev arsebobs semantikuri da meToduri dabrkole-
bani im uvelesi rwmenis Sesamowmeblad, romlis mixedviTac
adamiani mxolod nawilobriv kvdeba, xolo `sxva nawili~
ki sxva arsebobaSi gadadis. eqsperimentul safuZvlebze
moudma scada sikvdiliswina dinamikis (anu `sxeuls gareT
gasvlis~) Teoriuli modelireba. am modelis mixedviT
sikvdiliswina dinamika aseTia: pirvel fazaSi: bnel gvirab-
Si didi siCqariT moZraobis gancda (gamoiyeneba `gvirabis~
Semdegi sinonimebic: `Savi xvreli~, `naprali~, `gamoqvabu-
li~, `derefani~, `mili~, `cilindruli veli, `uZiro ufsk-
ruli~ da sxva.) platoniseuli `gamoqvabulis miTi~ gamonak-
lisis gareSe dasturdeba Zveli Tu axali meditatorebisa
da eqsperimentatorebis monacemebiT. mesame fazaSi xdeba
Sexvedra manaTobel da siTbur-energetikuli informaciis
gamosxivebasTan. myardeba uSualo komunikacia absolutur
eqsistencialur gamWvirvalobaSi, horizontebis urTierT-
gadacvla da urTierTgamsWvalva. esaa SemkiTxveli hori-
zonti, koncentrirebuli `Sejamebuli SekiTxvis finaloba-
Si~. Sobis aqtidan kvdomis aqtamde yvela sasicocxlo aqti
uSualo konkretul erTianobaSi aRiqmeba da ganicdeba.
meore fazaSi xdeba imave `trasiTa~ da `gvirabiT~ ukan
Semobrundeba sxeulSi. am `proceduras~ aqvs Zlieri mamo-
bilizebeli efeqti. dabrunebul cdispirebSi dasturdeba
`sulieri sxeulis~ eqsistencialuri gamWvirvaloba.
moudis TqmiT, es modeli Zalzed tipiuria da gadaxre-
bi misgan iSviaTia. moudis erTi interpretatoris mixed-
viT momakvdavis cnobierebis anarekli `sizmareuli sxe-
uli~ gamodis biologiuri sxeulidan da isev ubrundeba
mas rogorc Tavis ukanasknel TavSesafars. sikvdiliseuli
sizmari ufro realuria Cveulebriv sizmarTan SedarebiT.

169
cnobierebis TviTSenarCunebis Taviseburi saSualebaa,
romelsac safuZvlad udevs Sinagani drois usasruloba.

$ 37. sikvdilis Teologiuri sqema

`qristianma icis sikvdilis labirinTidan

gasasvleli~
wm. rigol noseli

sikvdilis Teologiuri gageba, warmodgenili sazveree-

bis koncefciiT, sakmaod hgavs sikvdilis mecnierul mod-
els;
`eklesia sakmaod bevrs da dawvrilebiT gviambobs saz-
vereebis Sesaxeb. bevri ram CvenTvis cnobilia gardacv-
lilTa gamocxadebebidan da im adamianTa naambobidan vinc
mokvda da ramdenime dRis an ramodenime saaTis Semdeg kv-
lav gacocxlda~ (arqimandritis lazare 1996 : 67). sikvdi-
lis Teologiuri modelis grandiozuli panoramaa moce-
muli dantes `RvTaebriv komediaSi~. sazvereebis Sesaxeb
swavleba aq gaSlilia `garsebisa~ da `sknelebis~ Sriul on-
tologiaSi. Uufro swored mTeli es epoqaluri qmnileba
sikvdilis Teologiuri sqemis mxatvruli TvalsaCinoebaa.
sazvereebis Sesaxeb erT-erTi gadmocema ekuTvnis wm.
Teodora konstantinepolels. masTan `sikvdiliswina md-
gomareobis~ pirveli faza, saSineli simwaris da zRvruli
tkivilis gancda aRwerilia demonologiisa da anegelolo-
giis horizontSi; meore faza: `bnel xvrelSi didi siCqariT
moZraoba~ _ 20 sazvereSi moZraobad ganimarteba. TiToeu-
li sazvere codvis adeqvaturi zonaa, romlis gadalaxva
Sesabamisi gamoxsnis aqtis ZaliT xorcieldeba. esame faza:
20 safexuriani `bneli derefnis~ bolos iSleba sinaTlis
horizonti _ sikvdilis pozitiumi: `TeTri saydari _ iseTi
TeTri, rom vinc mis winaSe idga naTels hfenda.~

170
 `qristianuli sikvdili~ gulisxmobs mudmiv mzao-
bas sazvereebSi gasavlelad, aRdgomis ritualSi mudmivi
monawileobis Sedegad `sikvdilis derefanSi~ misi Tanam-
devi iqneba `merve dRis~ anu aRdgomis horizonti.

$ 38. sikvdilis filosofiuri Teoria

`WeSmariti filosofosni sikvdilisaTvis
zrunaven mxolod~
sokrate

`filosofosoba aris sikvdilisaTvis mzadeba~ _ am deb-

ulebas imeorebs TiTqmis yvela didi filosofosi sokrat-
edan mamardaSvilamde. eklesiis mamebmac siRrmiseulad Sei-
wynares igi. wminda basili didi mabobs: `filosofosoba wur-
Ta¡ sikvdilisa¡ ars~. Cveni drois filosofosebic araerT-
gzis miuTiTeben, rom sikvdilis ganmarteba `kidev ufro
gadaudebeli xdeba~, xolo `sikvdilisaTvis mzadeba~ kidev
ufro farTo masStabiT unda gaiSaloso. haidegeri werda:
`eqsistencialuri problematikis erTaderTi mizania munyo-
fierebis sikvdilisken yofnis (das sein zum Tode) ontologi-
uri struqturebis wamoyeneba~ (haidegeri 1991 : 29). kamius
mixedviT, sikvdili erT-erTi ki ara, `erTaderTi namd-
vilad seriozuli filosofiuri problemaa~. filosofia
cdilobda sikvdili CaerTo sicocxlis interpretaciaSi.
imaves akeTebda poezia, Teologia da miTologia. Tavisebu-
rad imave amocanas isaxaven miznad samedicino-biologiuri
da TviT eTnologiuri mecnierebanic.
sikvdilismcodneobaSi gamoiyofa sami done: mecnieru-
li, Teologiuri da filosofiuri. mecnierul da Teolo-
giur modelebze ukve gvqonda laparaki. amjerad ganvixi-
loT sikvdili, rogorc wminda filosofiuri fenomeni.
platonis `fedonSi~ aramarto sikvdilis racionaluri

171
intuicia da spekulaturuli metafizikaa mocemuli. aramed
sokrates sikvdilis pirdapiri reportaJic, romelic `mi-
hyavs~ TviTmxilvevl fedons. platoni albaT siamovnebiT
gamoiyenebda am mizniT Tanamedrove telemauwyeblobebsa
da socialur qselebs. aq sikvdili gagebulia, rogorc Sem-
ecnebis gansakuTrebuli safexuri. Semecneba ki mogonebaa
Sobamdeli da sikvdilis Semdgomi arsebobisa. sikvdilis,
anu sxeulTan gayris aqtTan siaxlove gansakuTrebuli
stimulatoria amgvari mogonebisa. filosofiuri medita-
cia aris sikvdilis winaswari gamocdileba. wminda idealur
arsTa vizioneroba arsebiTad aris sikvdilis gadasasvlel-
ze mogzaurobaSi daostateba. amgvari ostati ki `sixaru-
liT miaSurebs hadess, radgan Rrmad iqneba darwmunebuli,
rom mxolod iq hpovebs WeSmaritebas wminda saxiT da ara
sxvagan~ (platoni 1966 : 10). amqveynad sokrates ukanaskneli
sityvebi iyo `Tqven mamali unda SeswiroT asklepioss, ar
dagaviwydeT SeswireT igi~.13
sokrates sityva: `WeSmariti filosofosni sikvdil-
isaTvis zrunaven mxolod~ haidegeris TeoriaSi poulobs
gagrZelebas, sadac Tematizebulia adamianuri yofierebis
uZireules struqturasTan, zrunvasTan (Sorge) sikvdilis
Sinagani kavSiri. zrunva, am sityvis specifikuri, haide-
geriseuli mniSvnelobiT, saSualebas gvaZlevs adamianuri
yofierebis wesi aRvweroT Tavisi ukanaskneli safuZvlis
mixedviT da CavwvdeT mis sazriss. arsebuli, romelic
`adamianis~ saxeliT aris cnobili, imTaviTve ukve aris
`zrunva~, radgan mas SeuZlia Tavisi Tavi gaigos samyaroSi
rogorc araradan ara-saxlSi, miusafrobaSi gadasroli-
lobidan aRZruli ZrwolviT (ngst). yovelgvari SiSi faru-
li Zrwolvaa. munyofiereba (dasein) Zrwis samyaroSi yof-
nis gamo. is daZrwis rogorc dawyevlili kaeni da aSenebs

13 miTiuri gveli asklepiosi medicinis mfarvel RvTaebad iTv-

leboda, gankurnebuli avadmyofi mas mamals swiravda. aseTi xalisiani
ironiT gadmogvcems sokrate sikvdilis filosofiur koncefcias.
172
qalaqs,sazogadoebas; TavSesafars, raTa CaaxSos Tavisi
uZireulesi Zrwolva anu araras winaSe Riaoba, gasniloba;
ararac adamianisaTvis yofierebis gaxsnis SesaZleblobaa.
sabolood, swored es `gaxsniloba~//sikvdilia zrunvad
saxeldebuli mTlianobis, anu namdvilobis saxe. ara-eq-
sistencobis am mokle aRweridanac gasagebi xdeba ratomaa
filosofosoba sikvdilisaTvis zrunva. ara-filosofos-
oba ara-eqstistencialobis tolfasia. ara-eqsistencial-
uri cocxali organizmebi ki ar kvdebian, aramed ispobian,
Tavdebian, qrebian. kvdoma dafuZneulia zrunvaSi. sicocx-
lis dasawyisi ukve Seicavs dasasruls. adamiani daibadeba
Tu ara, ukkve mzad aris sikvdilisaTvis. amas gvauwyebs
sindisis xma, romelic zrunvis Zaxilia.

***
`araferi, araferi ar vicodi me aqamde~ _ ase fiq-
sirdeba ivan iliCis SegnebaSi sakuTari sikvdilis gamoc-
dileba. momakvdavis gancdebi l. tolstois qmnilebaSiac
ase gamoixateba: `sul ufro da ufro uaxlovdeboda uf-
skruls~. `ufskruli~ zogjer TviT sikvdilis saxelicaa,
romelic raRac TviTmoZravi arsebis saxes iRes da saxelic
erqmeva `OH~ _ `igi~. `igi Tavs daesxa~ da sxv.
ivanes sikvdiliswina gancdebi da sikvdilis, rogorc
filosofiuri fenomenis Semecneba aqac sikvdilis Teolo-
giuri da samecniero cnebebisagan mkafio gamijvnis saSu-
alebiT xorcieldeba. ivanes sikvdils axasiaTebs filoso-
fiuri TviTkmaroba da avtonomiuroba.
ivane xvdeba, rom es `is~ aris _ `swored ivan iliCis
sikvdili~ da ara raRac avadmyofoba, romelTanac medici-
nas da medikamentebs SeuZliaT rame moimoqmedeon. `opiumi
ufro autaneli gaxda vidre Ria tkivili~. SekiTxvaze: `xom
ar mogvewvia eqimi?~ gesliani RimiliT upasuxa: `ara!~. esaa
sikvdilis codnis erT-erTi safexuri. aseve morigi safex-
uria sikvdiliswina aRsarebisa da ziarebis Teologiuri

173
aqti. xsnis evaqristuli xarizma mxolod wminda fsiqolo-
giuri reaqciisa da meqanizmis saxiT imuSavebs. `Seumsub-
uqa~, `moefona~. magram esaa subieqturi gancda da ara is-
eTi ontologiuri wonis faqti, rogorc magaliTad `ufsk-
ruli~. mokled evqaristuli horizontis mimarT sikvdilis
filosofiuri gamocdileba indiferentulia.
haidegeri ase ayenebs sakiTxs: ra aris TviT sikvdili
rogorc aseTi? yvela kiTxva romelic `sikvdilis Sem-
deg~ yofnas Seexeba, wanamZRvrad gulisxmobs sikvdilis
cnebis mopovebas. `sikvdilis metafizika~ (saidan warmoiSva
sikvdili? gauqmdeba igi Tu ara? da a.S.) eqsistencialuri
analitikis gareT rCeba. sikvdilis sruli eqsistencial-
uri cnebis mosapoveblad amosavali unda gaxdes sikvdilis
`amqveyniuri~ fenomenologia.
sanam adamiani arsebobs Sobasa da sikvdils Soris, manam
misTvis yovelTvis raRac jer kidev-ar-aris; raRac aklia,
arasakuTrivi da aramTelia. `munyofierebis Zireuli ageb-
ulebis arsSi Zevs mudmivi dausrulebloba~, mas ekuTvnis
mouSorebeli raRac -jer-kidev-ara: is, rac iqneba, mudmivi
aramTeloba. adamiani yovelTvis aris marad-boloSi-jer-
ar-myofi.
haidegeri mTavari amocanaa munyofierebis struqtu-
ruli mTlianoba moaqcios xedvis areSi, e.i. Seicnos mun-
yofna mis sakuTrovobasa da mTlianobaSi. es Tu moxerxda,
adamiani xdeba naTelmxilveli da mzadmyofi Semxvedri
situaciebis SemTxveviTobebis mimarT. mas ukve SeuZlia Ta-
visuflad eqsistirebdes bedis modusSi.
adamiani arsebobs _ ambobs haidegeri _ da vidre arse-
bobs yovelTvis raRacas moelis. arseboba aris molodini,
magram es jer-kidev-boloSi-aryofna `eqsistencialuri
mTlianyofnis sawinaaRmdego instancia ki ar aris, aramed
piriqiT; es winswreba SesaZleblad xdis bolosken amgvar
yofierebas.~ haidegeri gvTavazobs `sikvdilis sruli eq-
sistencial-ontologiuri cnebis~ aseT gansazRvrebas:

174
`sikvdili rogorc munyofierebis bolo, aris usakuTrive-
si, umimarTebo, garkveuli da rogorc aseTi, ganusazRvre-
li SesaZlebloba munyofierebisa.~ (haidegeri 1991 : 216).
`boloSi gasvlis~ anu ukve-aRar-yofnis SesaZleblobis
gageba aris usakuTrivesi yofnis SesaZleblobis aucie-
lebeli piroba da wanamZRvari. es igive mTlianyofis una-
ris gaSuqebaa, anu amgvari yofnis SesaZleblobaTa velze
gasvlaa. sikvdilTan, rogorc ukanasknel SesaZleblobas-
Tan gagebiTi miaxloveba, adamians saSualebas aZlevs, mx-
olod usakuTrives SesaZleblobebze daaproeqtos Tavisi
cxovreba. mxolod sakuTari arsebobis bolodan gaSuqe-
bul-gaxsnil horizontSi SesZlebs adamiani aicilos, saku-
Tari sicocxlis gamflangavi Secdomebi; SesZlebs Tavisi
Tavi moZebnos da Tavis dasabamier xelobasa da mowodebas
daubrundes.
filosofiurad gagebuli sikvdili sxva araferia Tu
ara `codnis~ (ara-Semecnebis, aramed gagebis) gansakuTreb-
uli saxeoba, romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia eqsistirebdes
adamianis mTlianyofnis unari. gageba niSnavs yofnis (da
aryofnis) SesaZleblobis gaxsnas da gabedvas.

$ 39. levinasis SeniSvnebi sikvdilis

ontologiur analizze

emanuel levinasi sakoncentracio banakis yofili tyve-

ebraeli iRebs sikvdilis iseT gamocdilebas, rom SemTxve-
viT cocxlad gadarCenis Semdeg, mTel darCenil cxovrebas,
am gamocdilebis filosofiur analizs ukavSirebs. amiT is
gansxvavdeba sikvdilis meore didi evropeli filosofosi-
sagan, artur Sopenhauerisagan, romelsac maRali sazoga-
doebis salonebSi, tortze da Caize, uyvarda metafizikuri
saubrebi sikvdilze, mis pozitiur mniSvnelobaze samyaroSi,
rac misi moZRvrebis mixedviT, sxva araferia Tu ara neba da

175
warmodgena. levinasis midgoma gansxvavdeba sqolastikuri
disputebisagan RmerTis arsebobis is ontologiuri argu-
mentebis Sesaxeb. kamius ironiuli SeniSvniT argumentebis
gamo jerac aravis mouklavs Tavi, samagierod bevri iklavs
Tavs imis gamo, rom cxovrebis azri ver ipoves. sikvdili
sruliad umimarTeboa. arsebaTa Soris gacvla SeiZleba
warmoebdes yvelaferSi, garda `yofnisa~ esaa gadaudebeli,
dauyvanadi, gamouxatavi (levinasi 1998 : 61).
xdomilebas, romlis Sedegadac arseboba swvdeba Tavis
`yofnas~, levinsi uwodebs hipostasiss. haidgeri maT ga-
nasxvavebs, magram ar yofs. `yofna~ yovelTvis Sepyrobi-
lia arsebulis mier, is yovelTvis raRacis mflobelobis
qveSaa. me ver warmodgena, fiqrobs levinasi, rom haidegers
daeSva `yofna~ arsebulis gareSe. es misTvis sisulele
iqneboda. haidegeris cneba Geworfenheit; levinasis fiqriT,
unda iTargmnos rogorc `mitovebuloba~. yofierebidan
mitovebuli arsebuli, verasodes moipovebs mas. es mitove-
buloba, Cvens gareSe da Cvengan damoukideblad xdeba.
haidegeris moZRvrebaSi ZrwZola, aris gancdili arara.
magram Tu sikvdilSi vigulisxmebT araras, maSin, amis sa-
pirispirod, gangaSis mizezi mom ar aris sikvdilis Seu-
Zlebloba? daZinebis unaris dakargva mRviZarebis uvado
patimaria. `yofna~-s ver daemalebi verc ZilSi, verc arac-
nobierSi. yovelgvari `meobis~ ar yofnis alags versad ip-
ovi.
`yofna~ arsebulis gareSe, wminda aqtia, romelSic aR-
mocendeba hipostazisi _ namdvili me, anu Tavisufleba.
ratom vaigivebT cnobierebas mRviZarebasTan? xom ar aris
cnobiereba iseTi mRviZareba, romelic emyareba daZinebis
SesaZleblobas? esaa upirovno mRviZarebidan gasvlis un-
ari.
martooba uerTdeba tanjvas, rogorc ontologiur
kategorias. tanjvis arsi imaSia, rom bolovadobasTan
SemaerTebelia. bolovadobis gadalaxva siamovnebiT Seu-

176
Zlebelia. tanjvis arsi vlindeba misi Tavidan acilebis
SeuZlebobaSi; tanjva aris sicocxleSi momwyvdeva, araraSi
gadasvlis SeuZlebloba.am azriT, tanjvaSi rogorc ara-
raSi gadasvlis SeuZleblobaSi, Tavs iCens sikvdilis siax-
love, misi aq-yofna. es ar aris marto grZnoba da codna
imisa, rom tanjva SeiZleba sikvdiliT damTavrdes. es-esaa
moxdeba arara, rac tanjvaze ufro autanelia. imis iqiT aR-
araferia, magram `iq~ mainc aris adgili raRac SeSfoTebi-
saTvis. Cven im movlenis zRurblTan varT, rac bolomde ar
gaixsna tanjvaSi.
sikvdili uxilavia, cnobierebis sinaTle ver swvdeba,
subieqts uaxlovdeba raRac, rac TviTon misgan ar gamo-
dis. mas saidumlo uaxlovdeba. esaa sikvdilis winakarSi,
winaswarobaSi cdiseuli gancda subieqtis pasivobisa. ma-
gram gancda yovelTvis niSnavs cnobierebis sinaTles; Sem-
ecnebis unars rom raRacas moimoqmedeb ... sikvdili ro-
gorc aseTi, upirispirdeba sikvdils rogorc gagebul
gancdas (levinasi 1998 : 69).
codnaSi, cnobierebis sinaTlis meSveobiT, yovelgvari
pasivoba mainc aqtivobad gadaiqceva, radgan Semxvedri
obieqti cnobierebis mier aris konstruirebuli; magram
sikvdili winaswarve mauwyebs imas, rac Cemi xelmisawvdomo-
bis vels miRmaa. imis miRmaa rasTan mimarTebaSic subieqti
aRar aris subieqti.
haidegeris saxelganTqmul analizSi, `sikvdilisaken
yofna~ aris cnobierebis zRvruli sinaTle da gabeduleba.
esaa sakuTari ukanaskneli SesaZleblobis xelSi aReba, rac
SesaZlebels xdis yvela sxva SesaZleblobas, anu Tavisu-
flebas da aqtivobas. saocaria _ fiqrobs levinasi, rom
haidegers gamorCa sikvdilis tanjvaSi `momwyvdeuloba~.
levinasiseuli analizis amosavalia situacia, romelSiac
gamoCndeba raRac absoluturad ucnobi, rac SeuZlebels
xdis yovelgvar SesaZleblobas. is arasodes ar aris aw-
myo. epikurelebis formula `roca Cven varT, sikvdili ar

177
aris, roca sikvdilia Cven aRara varT~ SiSis gafantvazea
orientirebuli. `exla~-es Cemi samflobeloa, isaa rac
xelmewifeba, rac SemiZlia `movixelTo~. xolo sikvdili
arasodesaa `exla~, amitom aranairi simamace, gabeduleba,
heroizmi ar SeiZleba mqondes sikvdilTan. es ukve iqedan
Cans, rom tanjvaSi, ZrwolaSi, godebaSi jer kidev vrCebi
Cemi tkivilis subieqtad, xolo tanjva obieqtad.
levinass Semoaqvs axali ontologiuri kategoria `tan-
jva wminda saxiT~. tanjvis wminda fenomeni maSin vlindeba
roca Cvensa da mas Soris aRaraferia da zRvruli pasux-
ismgebloba Sebrundeba zRvrul upasuximgeblobaSi. mokvde
niSnavs dabrunde upasuximgeblobis mdgomareobaSi, bavSvo-
baSi (levinasi 1988 : 72). ai ratomaa rom sikvdilis winaSe
gvaxasiaTebs SeSinebuli bavSviviT tirili, SiSi da SfoTva.
sikvdilis win yovelTvis aris ukanaskneli Sansi, ro-
melic momakvdavs ekuTvnis da ara sikvdils. ase, rom
sikvdils arasodes iReben Tavis Tavze, is TviTon modis.
misi gardauvaloba misi arsis nawilia. levinasis azriT,
sikvdilis sakuTar Tavze aRebis SeuZlebloba, araras
SeuZleblobaa. swored arara miscemda adamians SesaZle-
blobas Tavis Tavze aeRo sikvdili da arsebobis monobidan
gamoeglija uzenaesi Zalaufleba. gabeduleba SeiZleba mx-
olod anonimuri arsebobidan awmyoSi `amoyvinTviT~, magram
amas sikvdili udebs sazRvars. sikvdilis realoba is ki ar
aris, rac Cvens realobas aRemateba, aseT realobas cno-
bierebis sicocxleSic vxvdebiT. sikvdili aris gabedvis
SesaZleblobis bolo, rom aRar xelmewifeba subieqtoba,
SeuZlebeli iqneba gabedva. esaa Zaluflebianobis dasasru-
li, sikvdili aris SeuZlebloba mqondes proeqti, sikvdili
sruliad sxvaa, amitom ar SemiZlia miviRo Cems gamoyeneba-
Si. Cemi martooba ki ar mkvidrdeba sikvdilSi, aramed nad-
gurdeba. sikvdili xdomilebaa, romlis meoxebiTac Tavis
ganmartoebaSi mowyvdeuli arseba kargavs subieqturobas,

178
anu obieqtebze Zalauflebis unars da aRmoCndeba sferoSi,
sadac SesaZlo xdeba kavSiri `sxvasTan~. oRond es kavSiri
arasdrosaa raime SesaZleblobis gamoyenebis faqti
levinasi Tvlis, rom `sikvdilis situaciaSi~ gaxsnili
kavSiri `sxvasTan~ ar aRiwereba platonuri erosis ter-
minebSi, aramed bibliis wignSi `qebaTa qeba~ mocemuli
satrfialo lirikis saxiT.

$ 40. zekacis SeZrwuneba da kraxi

`qristians sikvdilisa ar unda eSinodes~

katexizmodan

kaci, rom zekaci gaxdes man unda Seicvalos TviT dro,

romelSiac cxovrobs kaci. kacis gazekaceba dro-Jamis
gazedroulobasac niSnavs.
droSi gamoyofen sam ganzomilebas: astronomiul-
kosmiuri, istoriuli da eqsistencialuri. astronomiuri
drois simbolod miCneulia wre. mzis garSemo planetaTa
brunvis naturalur-cikluri kanonzomiereba da pulsacie-
bi trialeben am weliwadeuli ciferblatis Caketil wreSi.
istoriuli dro wrfiT gamoxateba; igi evolucionisturi
an progresul-prospeqtuli bunebisaa; aqaa adamianis aq-
tivobis sarbieli. esaa obieqtivirebuli dro. masSi xde-
ba drois siRrmiseuli ganzomilebis obieqtivacia. kidev
arsebobs pirveladi dro (`siRrmiseuli dro~), romelsac
personul-eqstatiuri an ubralod `eqsistencialuri dro~
ewodeba. esaa maradisobaSi gadasasvllei droiTi zona,
romlis eqsistencialuri xangrZlivoba ar eqvemdebareba
raodenobriv arwyvas. kosmiuri drois kriteriumebiT ar
izomeba misi xaniereba. igi damokidebulia adamianis Sina-

179
gan arsebaSi gancdilis Tvisobrivobaze. drois astrono-
miulad mcire monakveTi SeiZleba gancdili iqnes rogorc
`ukvdavebis atomi~ (kirkegori) da `maradi awmyo~ (iaspersi).
pirveladi drois eqstazebs uwodes `garRvevis wertilebi~
obieqtivirebul droSi. pirveladi dro iWreba istoria-
Si, Tavis mxriv, istoriuli droc zemoqmedebs pirvelad
droze. Zveli da axali aRTqmis gamocxadeba aris amgvari
garRvevebis yvelaze cxadi saniSnoebi.
berdiaevi ambobs: dro ar SeiZleba arc darCes da arc
damTardes istoriul droSi, is aucileblad CaiZireba an
kosmiur, an eqsistencialur droSi. rogoria am mxriv ze-
kacis bedi?
zekacis msoflmxedveloba aris TviT drois arsis ga-
mocvla. esaa `integraluri dro~, _ umaRlesi sinTezi
kosmiuri da istoriuli velebisa. amgvari sinTezi drois
struqturul-pragmatuli sqematizms emyareba; aseTi ram
ki miRwevadia `pirveladi drois~ Semtevi destruqciis xar-
jze. zekacis dro SeiZleba fabricirebuli iqnes drois
hermetizebuli universiumis saxiT, romelSic `garRvevis
wertilebi~ yrudaa amovsebuli. drois kosmiuri da isto-
riuli areebis urierTRiaoba da urTierTgamWvirvaloba
am SemTxvevaSi miiRweva drois eqsistencialuri zonis dab-
nelebisa da represiuli paralizmebis xarjze.
zekaci `maradiulad dabrunebad~ wriul droSi aT-
avasebs istoriul `wrfiv~ dros da amiT iqmnis misi gain-
tensivebis iluzias. drois aTvlis eqstensiuri blokebi _
weliwadi, Tve, kvira, dRe, saaTi, wami _ drois qvantitatu-
ri nawilakebisagan Sedgeba. drois atomebis planetaruli
modelireba, maTi programacia da temporalur sintagmebad
danawilebis teqnologia saerTo Sedegamde midian. esaa
drois totaluri eqsistencialuri gamocarieleba. yoveli
amis mTavari mizezi imaSia, rom zekacis mimarTeba misave sa-
kuTar sikvdilTan programulad aris marTuli raRac up-

180
irovno instanciidan. haidegeri amas `man-is diqtaturas~
uwodebda.
an-is Zalauflebis arsi upirvelesad gamoixateba ada-
mianis mier sakuTar sikvdilTan damokidebulebis wesis
marTvaSi. amjerad CvenTvis mniSvnelovania am superxelis-
ufalis sami RonisZieba:
1) anonimuri diqtatoris faruli dekretiT akrZalulia
`Zrwola~, igi dayvanilia damamcirebel `SiSze~, mavnebluri
wuwunis, panikis, `antirealisturi~, `antisazogadoebrivi~,
`antisaxelmwoefbrivi~ sisustis gamocenis ufleba aravis
ara aqvs; `dekreti~ mokvdavs avaldebulebs imyofebodes
damamSvidebel gulgrilobasa da gularxeinobaSi.
2) akrZalulia imis codna, rom sul ufri daCqrebu-
lad uaxlovdebi sikvdils. `sxvisi sikvdilis~ modusiTaa
vualirebuli; `kvdebian, magram me ara!~, `sikvdili aravis
ar ekuTvnis~, gauqmebulia misi `kerZo sakuTreba~.
3) sikvdilis ueWveloba damalulia misi `rodis~-is ga-
nusazRvrelobaSi: `rodisme iqneba, magram jer ara~, `jer
ar memuqreba~.
faruli dekretis es sami muxli uzrunvelyofs mokv-
davi arsebis mudmiv damSvidebas, yvelaze arsebiTi SeS-
foTebulobidan gamoxsnas. es damSvideba moqmedebs `mo-
makvdavzec~ da manugeSebelzec. uaxloesi mzrunveli mo-
makvdavs arwmunebs, rom `ar mokvdeba~, gaeqceva sikvdils
da Tavisi zrunviT mowyobili samyaros yoveldRiurobas
daubrundeba.
adamiansa da mis sikvdils Soris aRimarTa ucnobis
diqtatori, romelic maT erTmaneTTan urTierTobas ukrZa-
lavs. sikvdilze fiqri sazogadoebaSi iTvleba sulmokle
SiSad, araeTikurad, saeWvo gaqcevad da a.S. es yvelaferi
ukve Seityo zekacma. humanoidi, didi kombinatori, miTis
kaci da taZris kaci swored am diqtatoris moTviniere-
basa da neitralizebas Seecadnen. maT amxiles da gaauqmes

181
`saidumlo dekreti~, dauSves `sikvdilze kerZo sakuTreba~
da warmoebis ufleba. zekacma daiwyo `sikvdilis deref-
nis aTviseba, magram am aTvisebam mxolod garegnulad Tu
Seasusta `Man-is diqtatura~. `sikvdilisagan mfaravi ga-
cla isev jiutadaa gabatonebuli yoveldRiurobaze~ (hai-
degeri 1991 : 132).
`zekacis msoflmxedveloba~ esqatologiuri modu-
sis Zireul ignorirebas emyareba da misi garelatiurobis
mcdelobaa, rac gardauvlad mTavrdeba SeZrwunebiTa da
kraxiT.
rogorc vnaxeT zekacis msoflmxedveloba mis yvela
nairsaxeobaSi cdilobda aeTvisebina TviT adamianis `gul-
Si~ aRmoCenili uZiro ufskruli, romelic gonebisTvis
mxolod antinomiebs qmnis. oSo ambobs: `gulis siRrmeSi
Tqven marTla ufskruli xarT. budda am ufskruls uwo-
debda `ananta~, ara-me Cems SeniT. iq aravin araa. esaa arara
CemSi ... rodesac iq CaixedavT dainaxavT Tavluwvdenel
sivrces, magram iq aris aravin, mxolod usasrulo Sinagani
zecaa~ (oSo 1994 : 128).
`meditacia _ ambobs oSo _ sxva araferia Tu ara Sin-
agan sicarielsTan urTierTobis mogvareba. saWiroa misi
Secnoba, misiT cxovreba da ara misgan gaqceva... RmerTi
uzarmazari siRrmea, saboloo ufskrulia. Tu iswavliT
maTSi cqeras, is aRar iqneba negatiuri. is yvelaze pozi-
tiuri ram aris mTels yofierebaSi. miviRoT ufskruli. es
Tavad Tqvena xarT. esaa Tqveni dao~ (oSo 1994 : 128).
magram ufskrulis usasruloba saSiSicaa, qaosis zeimis
SesaZleblobasac Seicavs. paskals aZrwunebda `usasrulo
sivrceTa maradiuli dumili.~ ufskruli usaSinles tanj-
vas ganacdevinebda ivanes (l.tolstois personaJs), roca is
sikvdilis eqsistencialur gamocdilebas iRebda.

182
 ivanem ufskrulis SiSi ki ar SeigrZno, aramed `Tavs
daesxa~. `mas Tavs daesxa saSineleba~ (tolstoi 1984 : 181).
saSineleba imdenad autaneli iyo, rom ivane sami dRe-Ramis
ganmavlobaSi Seusveneblad yviroda da ise iTxovda Sev-
las. yviroda ise xmamaRla da sawyaloblad, rom momakvda-
vis sarecelidan sami oTaxiT daSorebul colsa da Svilebs
Jruanteli uvlidaT. ivane ewameboda da xedavda, rom misi
arseboba aris ufskrulSi gadagdebuli qva, romelic sul
ufro swrafad da swrafad mieqaneba kidev ufro usaSin-
lesi da autanlad mZime satanjvelisaken.
`me mivfrinav~ _ grZnobda ivane _ da eSinoda, magram
ufskrulSi frenis saSiSroeba araferi iyo imasTan Sedar-
ebiT rasac igi moeloda, molodiniT ki usaSinles dace-
masa da dangrevas moeloda. mTlianad dacemis SiSs moecva.
Tan icoda, rom ufro SeeSindeboda. swored es `codna~ iyo
yvelaze sazareli. TviTon sikvdilic codna iyo.
izrdeboda ivanes codna _ izrdeboda saSinelebac.
icoda: iseTi ZaliT stenidnen raRac arnaxulad unaT-
lo, auwerlad bneli da uZiro napralis siviwroveSi, rom
yvelaferi stkioda. tkivili autanlad auwereli iyo. ivanem
gaigo ratom iyo absoluturad autaneli Tavisi tkivili;
ratom iyo absoluturad SeuZlebeli misi atana. imitom,
rom sruliad SeuZlebeli iyo misi gageba. gageba ki imitom
iyo SeuZlebeli, rom SeuZlebeli iyo misi miReba. `SeuZle-
belia aseTi tkivili!~ ivanes Tan eSinia `Savi xvrelis~, Tan
surs CaiZiros masSi; Tan exmareba sakuTar CaZirvas, Tan
ebrZvis. `da ai uceb mowda, daeca da gamofxizlda... Ta-
visi Tavi TviTonve Seecoda da gza misca moZlebul crem-
lebs, atirda rogorc balRi. dastiroda sakuTar usus-
robas, Tavis saSinel martoobas, adamianTa gulqvaobas da
RmerTis simkacres, RmerTis aq aryofnas (Отсутствие Бога)

183
dastiroda. rad Caidine es yvelaferi aq ratom momiyvane?
risi gulisTvis, ratom mtanjav ase saSinlad? igi arc elo-
da pasuxebs da tiroda imis gamo, rom ar arsebobs da arc
SeiZleba arsebobdes pasuxi...~ (tolstoi 1984:26).

184
 Tavi VIII. hierofaniebis hermenevtika
`hermenevtika ar aris `batonobis codna~ anu aT-
viseba flobis azriT: piriqiT, igi Tavis Tavs te-
qstis dauflebis uflebas umorCilebs; WeSmariti
winasaxe amgvari mimarTebisa iuridiuli da Teo-
logiuri hermenevtikebia. cxadia, rom sakanonmde-
blo nebisa da RvTis nebis ganmarteba principulad
ar SeiZleba iyos batonoba, is mxolod msaxurebis
forma SeiZleba iyos.~

hans-georg gadameri

$ 41. `sicocxlis daubolovebeli X~

hermenevtikul velze sikvdili gagebulia rogorc

sicocxlis zRvruli viTareba. es `zRvruloba~ Seler-
ma gansazRvra rogorc `TviTmoZravi dauboloebeli X~,
`dauboloebeli ucnobi~. igi gveZleva ara marto sicocx-
lis bolos, ara kvdomis erTjerad aqtSi, aramed es `X~
TviT sicocxlis mTeli procesis aqtebis ganuyofeli kuT-
vnilebaa kvdomiTi aqtebi.
Selers Semoaqvs absoluturi da relatiuri modusebi
sikvdilis cnebaSi. personis Soba da sikvdili absolutu-
ria, xolo nivTebis daRupvas, daSlas, gaqrobas, maT dasa-
bamsa da dasasruls azri aqvs mxolod SefardebiTad, dam-
kvirvebel subieqtTan mimarTebaSi. aseTni arian `mkvdari
nivTebi~. cocxali arsebani ki absoluturad iSvebian da
absoluturad kvdebian. Sesabamisad Selerma sikvdils uwo-
da `absoluturi gadasvla~. `vinc icis sikvdili, mas amave
dros sikvdilis rogorc sicocxlis zRvaris gareT gasvla
surs.~ amitomaa, rom sikvdilis molodini, misTvis mzadebis
azriT, adamianuri arsebobis specifikur wess qmnis. Sel-
eris mosazrebiT, universalur sicocxles aqvs maRlidan
185
daRmavlis tendencia. universaluri sicocxlis striqonSi
CarTulia adamianuri sicocxlis epizodi, romelsac aqvs
dasabami da dasasruli. daberebisa da sikvdilis kanoni
moicavs universalur sicocxlesa da kacobriobas rogorc
mTels.
sicocxlis dacemis tendenciis anazRaurebas zekaci
cdilobs prsonul RirebulebeaTa paralizebiT da mosax-
erxebul sasargeblo nivTTa planetaruli kosmosis pro-
gresis gziT. pirovnuli ganzomileba sul ufro iZireba
`saSualeba kosmosSi~; `qmnileba sul ufro xdeba batoni~.
es gamovlinebas poulobs danawilebadi da gamoTvladi
komfortis RirebulebaTa Rirebulebis zrdaSi.
sapirispirod amisa, Seleri Tvlis, rom goniT Rire-
bulebebs ar axasiaTebT `progresi~. samyaros ar SeuZlia
Tavisi ganviTareba sakuTari Zalebis meoxebiT. mas ar Za-
luZs TviTprogresi (pirovnul RirebulebaTa miwyivi amaR-
lebis azrgagebiT) Tu masSi ar Semodian sul ufro maRali
Zalebi, `uqmneli energiebi~. Tu adamiani ar maRldeba xsnis
gziT, maSin samyaro araraSi Sedis. xsnis saSualebiT SesaZ-
lo xelaxla dabadebis madli aris aRmdgomi Zala, romelic
maRliT gvegzavneba.
sikvdilis cnebas aqvs ara marto struqturuli, aramed
upiratesad meToduri mniSvneloba. sikvdilis intensiuri
refleqsia qristianobaSi emijneba mis eqstensiur `gadade-
bas~ budizmSi da sxva metemfsiqozur da reinkarnaciul
TeoriebSi. zekacis msoflmxedvelobis sayrdenia `si-
cocxlis dauboloebeli X~-is gamoTvliTi da gaangariSe-
bul-refleqsuri marTvis idea, rac, rogorc aRvniSneT,
gardauvali SeZrwunebiTa da kraxiT mTavrdeba.
es ki zekacidan kvlav kacad moqcevis saWiroebaze
migviTiTebs. sikvdilis `X-iseburi~ xasiaTi, `rodis?~ _
is ganusazRvreloba am SemTxvevaSi Setrialebulia misi
`yovelwamsSesaZleblobis~ ueWvelobasa da pozitiurobaSi.
haidegeris sityvebiT, sikvdili marto boloSi ki ar aris,

186
aramed igi adamianSi xdeba miwyiv-yovel-wamierad. dabade-
ba niSnavs sikvdilSi Sesvlasac. Sobili ukve imTaviTve
sikvdilsaa gadacemuli. am azriT amboben, rom vinc iSva
ukve sakmarisad momwifebulia sikvdilisaTvis. sikvdili-
saken moZravi cocxali arseba, `aq da axla-myofi-arsi~ faq-
tiurad da sworedac miwyiv (uwyvetad) kvdeba manam, sanam
gansvenebas miadgeba.
sikvdilis meToduri mniSvneloba gamoTqmulia stoel-
Ta formuliT: yoveli dRe rogorc ukanaskneli. monte-
ni ambobs: `Tu Tqven icocxleT erTi dRe, Tqven ixileT
yvelaferi~. azrovnebis mowodebaa sikvdilisaTvis momza-
deba _ `wurTa¡ sikvdilisa¡~. TviT filosofiuri medita-
cia imnairi mdgomareobaa, rom garkveuli TvalsazrisiT
enaTesaveba sikvdils, rogorc `narkotikul derefans~, am
`derefnis~ winare gamocdilebas iZleva.
sikvdilis, rogorc usakuTresi SesaZleblobisagan
gaqcevis tendencia aris sakuTari wilxdomili sicocx-
lisagan gaqcevis Sedegi. remarki erTgan wers: adamiani,
romelic gaurbis `Tavis bolos~ da usasrulod gadadebs
am SesaZleblobas, araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevs dros,
xolo roca `bolos~ winaSe dadgeba `ajamebs da angariSobs
sinamdvileSi ramdeni icxovra, aRmoCndeba, rom sul raRac
ramdnime dRes, anda ukeTes semTxvevaSi, ramdenime kviras
ucxovria. Tu es SeiTvise, maSin ori-samikvira an ori-sa-
mi Tve SeiZleba SenTvis imdenives niSnavdes ramdenic sx-
visTvis mTeli cxovrebaa~ (remarki 1997 : 122). aq laparakia
drois eqsistencialur kriteriumebze, romelic kosmiur-
astronomiul erTeulebisagan damoukidebelia.
metafizikuri udardeloba da Zrwolis manitralizebe-
li damamSvidebloba sikvdilis SiSis gadalaxvis saSuale-
bas ar iZleva. igi gvarTmevs sikvdilis winaSe `mZrwolavi
gabedulebis~ unars arTmevs. eqsistencialur samyaroSi
Zrwolas aqvs uzarmazari samobilizacio Zala adamianis
arsis realizaciisaTvis. saWiroa viswavloT sikvdili!

187
_ es niSnavs cdiseulad SevicnoT sicocxlis imanenturi
`daubolebuli X~. dafiqsirebuli unda iqnes `moZraobis
es specifikuri saxeoba~. rilke ambobs: `Tavidanve unda
moamzado Sedevri uzenaesi da amayi sikvdilisa; sikvdili-
sa, romelSic SemTxeviTobas wili ara aqvs. kargad Semzade-
buli, uzado netari sikvdili, iseTi rogorsac wmindanebi
qmnidnen~ (rilke, 1992:23).
eqsistencialuri moumwifeblobis da sikvdilisaT-
vis moumzadeblobis gamocdilebaa gaTvaliswinebuli
l.tolstois `ivan iliCis sikvdilSi~ da f.kafkas `metamor-
fozaSi~.
ivanes Sinagani `daubolovebeli X~-is Sesvla sikvdilis
`bnel derefanSi~ saSinelebas ganacdevinebda. man icoda,
rom kvdeboda magram ar esmoda ras niSnavs es? ar hqonda
sikvdilis gagebis horizonti. sikvdilis SiSisagan itan-
jeboda da tanjavda Tavis axloblebs. ar undoda Tavisi
sakuTari sikvdilis miReba, gaurboda sakuTar ukanasknel
SesaZleblobas. yvelaze saSineli iyo moraluri tanjva,
anu Setyoba rom aranamdvilad, arasakuTriv ucxovria,
metic, saerTod ar ucocxlia, arc ki Sobila da amitom
verca kvdeboda. bolos is gaugebs sikvdils anu gabedavs
mas. (aenTeba gagebiTi horizonti). mixvdeba, rom movalea
gaxdes Tavisi SesaZlebloba, movalea Sewyvitos sakuTari
Tavis da axloblebis tanjva da ganaxorcielos Tavisi
Tavi. `man iwyo miyuradeba... da sikvdili? sad aris is? is
eZiebda Tavis Zvel da ukve Cveul sikvdilis SiSs da ver
pulobda mas. sad aris is? sad aris sikvdili? risi sikvdi-
li- ra sikvdili? aranairi SiSi ar arsebobda, imitom rom
sikvdilic ar arsebobda~ (tolstoi 1988 : 248). sikvdilis
vulgaruli cnebis arsia sikvdilis winaSe SiSi. Tu SiSi da-
iZlia daZleulia misi vulgaruloba da negatiurobac. amis
Semdeg sikvdilis cnebis diferenci gamoikveTeba. aq ukve
SesaZloa sikvdilis pozitiuri Sinaarsis gamoSuqeba.
gregori zamzas aRsasrulis saSinelebac swored

188
ukanaskneli SesaZleblobis gaubedaobasa da SiSSi mdgo-
mareobs. zamzas eqsistencialuri momwifeba miRweuli
iqneba swored sakuTar ukanasknel SesaZleblobaSi Sesv-
lis gabedviT. `ojaxis wevrebs axla gulaCuyebiTa da si-
yvaruliT igonebda. misi gadawyvetileba ojaxis datovebis
Sesaxeb... mtkice iyo. igi usagno da netari fiqrebiT iyo
garTuli... roca fanjaras gariJraJis sinaTle daeca, igi
jer kidev cocxali iyo, mere dabla Camouvarda Tavi da
nestoebidan ukanaskneli sunTqva aRmoxda~. kafkas `mxat-
vrul TeologiaSi~ naCvenebia rogor xdeba sikvdilis SiSis
transformacia pozitiur goniTemociur velad. agoniis
ukanasknel monakveTSi mopovebuli `mosiyvarule~ da `ne-
tari~ emociuri veli miacilebs zamzas sicocxlis Sinagan
`daubolovebeli X~-s derefanSi.
maqs Seleri adamianis specifikad miiCnevs pirovnebis
Sinagani `cocxali X~-is distancirebas misive fsiqo-fizi-
kuri organizaciisagan. Seleri wers: `es is cocxali X-ia,
romelic organizaciaTa mixedviT ganxiluli unda iqnes
rogorc sruliad cvalebadi; ise, rom faqtiuri adamianuri
organizacia aris misi mxolod erT-erTi ganxorcielebuli
SemTxveviToba; TviT X, aseTi ganxorcielebisaTvis usas-
rulo samoqmedo areals iZleva~ (Seleri 1921:302).
am `daubolovebeli X~-is ukanasknel SesaZleblobaSi
Sesvlis Seferxebis mcdeloba sxva araferia, Tu ara TviT
sicocxlis Sinagani TviTmamoZraveblisa da eqsistencial-
uri birTvis paralizeba. mas Teologiurad ewodeba `didi
sikvdili~. esaa yvelaze ufro saSiSi ram, rac ki adamians
emuqreba. saxarebaSi macxovari ambobs: `maTTvis sjobda
arc ki dabadebuliyvneno.~ haidegeri ambobs: atomuri ener-
getikis mSvidobiani gamoyeneba ufro saSiSia, vidre atom-
uri yumbara; mSvidoba ufro saSiSia vidre omi. ra SeiZleba
iyos ufro saSiSi vidre is, rom sicocxle ganadgurdes
atomur katastrofaSi? aseTive kiTxvas badebs rusTave-
lis aforizmi: `sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa, sikvdili sax-

189
elovani.~ rogor SeiZleba sikvdili sjobdes sicocxles,
an ras niSnavs `saxelovani~, diadi sikvdili?
yvelaze ufro saSiSi, aRmatebuli safrTxe, zesafrTxe
imaleba zekacis msoflmxedvelobaSi, romelic sicocxlis
`daubolovebeli X~-is qvantitetur programaciasa da xe-
lovnur garelatiurebas gulisxmobs.
Zrwolas, safrTxis Setyobinebas gaaCnia uzarmazari ma-
mobilizebeli Zala. Zrwola gveZleva iSviaT wamebSi. xom
ar vaqcioT igi xangrZliv klimatad, gagebiTi velis Ziri-
Tad elementad? iqneb am meTodiT moxdes Tanamedrove ada-
mianis gamoyvana zekacuri iluziidan?
`sikvdilis derefani~, misi saSineleba da tanjva
aucilebelia personuli mTlianobis miRwevisaTvis. per-
sonis yofnis SesaZleblobani usasruloa, amdenad igi mx-
olod nawilobriv eqvemdebareba obieqtivacias. xolo is
`danarCeni~, obieqtivirebul ganzomilebaSi ararealize-
badi `nawili~ organuli erTobis garkveul organizacia-
sTan gamoTxovebad ganicdeba, `persona~ ki sxva araferia
Tu ara organuli erTianobis funqcia. swored es qmnis
imis iluzias,rom mocemuli organuli erTobis darRveviT
mTavrdeba personac. aucilebelia am `iluziis~ gafantva.
`persona~ mxolod sabediswero `garRvevis~ gziT SeiZleba
wavides namdvili organuli erTianobis usasrulod ga-
naxlebadi personuli mTlianobis aRdgenisaken.

190
 $ 42. eqsistencialuri katarzisis
triaduli dialeqtika

eqsistencialuri katarzisis sqemaa gaSlili sofokles

trilogiaSi `Tebes tragediebi~.
pirveli tragedia, _ `oidipos mefe~ _ dasawyisSi war-
mogvidgens eqsistencialurad neitralizebul formacias.
Semdeg oidiposis arsebaSi iWreba radikaluri muqaris
matarebeli Setyobineba. delfoseli orakulisagan miiRebs
gafrTxilebas (rom mamas moklavs da dedas SeirTavs).
saSinel informacias gaaCnia uzarmazari mamoZravebeli
Zala, SeuZlia mTeli cxovrebis Secvla; Zireuli SeZvra
iwvevs principul cvlilebebs mis damokidebulebebSi sa-
myarosTan. amgvari safrTxis Setyobineba arsebiTad aris
mowodeba eqsistenciis ukiduresi potencialobis sruli
mobilizaciisaken. `oidiposis SemTxvevaSi eqsistencial-
uri Setyobineba acnobebs imas, rom misi cxovreba ar amoi-
wureba im garkveuli (da misTvis Tematuri) mdgomareobiT,
romelic mas (rogorc Temes mefes da iokastes qmars) am
momentSi, anu informaciis miRebis momentSi aqvs. es in-
formacia uxsnis mas im garemoebas, rom igi araa mxolod am
viTarebis adamiani, aramed agreTve da pirvel yovlisa sxva
viTarebis adamiania, saxeldobr, iokastes Svilia da mamis
mkvlelia~ (margvelaSvili 1983: 89).
es SemZvreli efeqti iwvevs SokSi, panikaSi Cavardnas,
Cveuli samyaros msxvrevas; dgeba momenti roca zesaSiS, anu
zesaSineli Setyobinebis qariSxliseburma Zalam an unda
sabolood daangrios eqsistenci, an aRZras moqmedebisken,
aRZras sakuTari bedis xelSi aRebis gabedulebisaTvis.
oidiposis ambavi grZeldeba anu axal struqturul fa-
zaSi Sedis trilogiis II wignSi `oidiposi kolonosSi~, sadac
oidiposis aRsasrulia moTxrobili. es qmnileba, rogorc
mTargmneli SeniSnavs, pirvel tragedias `bevrad aRemateba
Tavisi Rrma religiuri suliskveTebiT da misteriuli te-

191
qnikiT... mTlianad misteriaTa kaTarzisuli ritualis prin-
cipzea agebuli. masSi ganiwmindeba oidiposi mamis mkvlel-
idan RvTismosavamde da tragediis simboloTa enaze cxadi
xdeba adamianis RmerTTan Serigebis sakraluri aqti~ (so-
fokle 1988 : 18).
zesaSiSi Setyobinebis Zalam (imiT rom igi miiRo da Sei-
wynara oidiposma) moipova ganmwmendeli Tviseba. sicocxlis
sazrisuli xanierebis kriteriums gaaCnia avtonomia isto-
riuli da astromoniul ciklebisagan. oidiposi ambobs:
`visac unda rom metxans icocxlos,
vidre bedisgan rgebia xani,
Seuferebels eswrafvis igi,
cxadze cxadia CemTvis es sibrZne~.
oidiposma miaRwia eqsistiencialur simwifes: sakuTari
sikvdilis gabedviT igi xelaxla daibada da Tavi daixsna
`didi sikvdilisgan~, anu saerTod arSobisa da gardacva-
lebis SeuZleblobis safrTxisagan.
esaa meore anu Sualeduri struqturuli elementi;
triaduli procesis meore faza Sinagani aucileblobiT
iTxovs katarzisis mesame da ukanasknel anu `antigones~
fazaSi Sesvlas.
antigones arealia `polisi~, _ `politikuri yofiereba.
antigone xdeba `Zoon politikoni~ _ `politikuri arse-
ba~. misTvis politika aris eTikur-religiuri sawyisebis
praqtikuli gasaqani. politikaSi igi Tavs aRwevs `eqsis-
tencialur solipsizms~ da Tanayofieroebis aspeqtSi ax-
dens sakuTrivi sasicocxlo SesaZleblobebis srulyofil,
amomwurav realizebas. antigoneseuli pozicia, esaa adami-
anTa Temuri da politikuri Tanayofierebis safuZvlebis
dacvisaTvis radikaluri mzaoba.
antigone eTikur-politikur planSi axorcielebs
dacvas da movlas `maradisobis samanebisa~, rac Tanabrad
aucilebelia rogorc warsulis, ise momavlisaTvis. aqaa
mzaoba imisa, rom eTikuri sazrisiT aRvsebas emsxverplos

192
politikuri legitimuroba, adamianTa Tanacxovrebis wminda
politikuri faqtorebi. aq dgeba Zireuli sinergetikis
sakiTxi. esaa sakiTxi samyaros kosmiur da istoriul kanon-
zomierebaTa sinqronulobisa da diaqronulobisa. berZnuli
samyaro imTaviTve politizebuli iyo. polisi iyo eqsisten-
cialuri centri, romelsac SeiZleba subieqtad hyoloda
individumi da ara persona. antigone iyo eTikur-relig-
iuri persona, romelmac politikuri drois xelovnur-
meqnaikur sinqronizmSi eTikuri diaqronizmi Seitana.

$ 43. mowiweba ganmeorebisadmi

haidegeri `yofiereba da dro~-s §75-Si `istoriuloba

da msoflio-istoria~ ajamebs maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis
eqsistencialur Teorias. wina TavebSi ukve aRiniSna, rom
haidegeris mixedviT, munyofierebis gabeduleba sikvi-
dilisaTvis, Tavis TavTan dabrunebaa, iseve rogorc nic-
Ses zaraturstras sneulebidan gamojanmrTeleba igives-
Tan kvlavdabrunebas niSnavs. ganmeoreba aris Tavisi Ta-
vis gadacema memkvidreobisadmi (tradiciisadmi). mxolod
sikvdilSi gaswreba anu sasrulobis sruli wvdoma Segvi-
yvans Cvenive bedis simartiveSi; esaa dabruneba memkvi-
dreobiT miRebuli, magram mainc Cvenive arCeuli SesaZle-
blobisadmi. Tavis TavTan dabrunebuli gabeduleba aris
ganmeoreba e.i. yifili SesaZleblobis dabruneba. amas uwda
haidegerma `erTguleba ganmeorebisadmi~. ganmeoreba, ro-
melic Tavis Tavs gadascems beds, momavlidan warmoiSveba.
`istorias~ fesvi momavalSi aqvs gadgmuli. aseTi ganmeo-
reba, Tvis eqsistencSi CarTulad inarCunebs dabadebasa da
sikvdils, da imas, rac maT `Sorisaa~. amgvar TviTgadace-
maSi xdeba droiT-eqstatiuri dabruneba Tavisi `yofili-
sadmi~. dabadeba Seiyvaneba eqsistencSi rogorc dabruneba

193
Tavisi sikvdilis gauswreb SesaZleblobasTan.
gameorebisadmi erTguleba (anu Zrwolisadmi mdzamyofi
gabeduleba) aris eqsistencis ganmeorebiTi SesaZleblobis
winaSe mowiweba. haidegeris mixevdiT, esaa `erTaderTi eq-
sistencialuri avtoriteti~. `yofiereba da droSi~ vkiTx-
ulobT: `gabeduleba akonstituirebs eqsitencis erTgule-
bas sakuTari Tavisadmi. erTguleba, romgorc Zrwolisadmi
gabeduleba, amave dros aris mowiweba im erTaderTi avto-
ritetis winaSe, romelic SeiZleba arsebobdes Tavisufali
eqstistencisaTvis e.i. eqsistencis ganmeorebadi SesaZle-
blobis winaSe~ (haidegeri 1989: 578-579).14
arasakuTrivobaSi mcxovrebi eqsistencisaTvis ganmeo-
reba aris wamebis erTadSekvra. ontologiurad ki piriqi-
Taa. wamebi warmoiSvebian `momavliseulad yofili gameo-
rebis eqsistencialurad ganvrcobili droiTobidan~. am
Zalzed rTul da rTulad gamoTqmuli viTarebis gagebas
gviadvilebs sityva `ganmeoreba~. naTlad gamoTqmulia
azri, rom arasakuTrivobaSi mcxovrebs ar SeuZlia yofili
gaimeoros. is brmaa maradiuli kvlavdabrunebisadmi. is
mxolod warsulis naSTebs, narCenebs agrovebs. mas awmyo-
dan eZaxis dakarguli warsuli.
wamis eqstistencialuri Teoria gulisxmobs viTarebas,
roca yvela droebi SekumSulia `erT dro//wamSi~ (wertil-
Si). esaa usasrulod SekumSvadi da gafarToebadi dro.
droebi Zalze mravalia: mweris dro, adamianis dro ... ra-
tomaa erTi romelime dro subieqturi, xolo yvela danar-
Ceni obieqturi? erTi xanieri, xolo meore uxano. umokle-
si da uxangrZlivesi? droebi kumSvadni d agafarToebadni
arian. maT SeiZleba hqondeT gansxvavebuli figuruli age-

14 dedanSia: `Die Entschlossenhet konstituiert die Treue der Existenz zum ei-
genen Selbst. Als angstbereite Entschlossenheit ist die Treue zugleich mögliche Ehr-
furcht vor der einzigen Autorität, die ein freis Existieren haben kann, vor den wiederhol-
lbaren Möglichkeiten der Existenz~ (Martin Heideggger 1966 : 391).
194
buleba. bavSvma, romelmac sami weli icocxla, sruliadac
ar icocxla ufro nakleb xans, vidre 80 wlis moxucebulma;
maTi `wuTisoflebi~ rogorc aseTi, Tanabaria maradiso-
bis//usasrulobis winaSe. oRond maTi sasrulobani aRvsil-
ni arian sxvadasxva SinaarsiTa da sazrisiT. dro-ara-drois
sinTezi aris aqtualuri usasruloba. dros und ahqondes
dasasruli. magram ra iqneba dasasrulis Semdeg? isev dro
xom ara? (losevi 2018: 106).
eliade SeniSnavs, rom piTagoruli da platonuri fi-
losofosoba ukavSirdeba uZveles misteriebs; ganwmenda
aucilebeli pirobaa filosofiuri iniciaciisaTvis (xel-
dasxmisaTvis), anu uzenaes viTarebaTa mWvretelobisaTvis
(Vita contemplativa). platonis `fedonSi~ `swavlisa d codnis
SeZenis koncefcia isea organizebuli da motivirebuli Rv-
TaebebTan erTianobis usrviliT, rom warmogvidgeba ro-
gorc eqstazur-ritualuri iniciacia... filosofosi aris
hierofanti~ (darCia 1998: 124).

$ 44. adamianis bibliuri perspeqtivebi

karl iaspersi msoflmxedvelobaTa erT-erTi yvelaze

angariSgasawev tipologad da prognozistad rCeba. misi
monacemebiT, Tanamedrove `dasavleTis adamianis~ momavali
damokidebuli iqneba imaze, Tu rogori mimarTeba eqneba
mas bibliur religiasTan. bibliur msoflmxedvelobaSi
yvelaze arsebiTia esqatologiuri molodinis cnobiereba.
molodini Tavisi arsiT momavalia; zustad aseve, momavlis
arsia imedi; bibliur cnobierebaSi ki `siuJeturad organi-
zebuli~ imedi, esaa imedi codviT dacemuli adamianis xs-
nisa ganmaRTobeli madlis meoxebiT da imedi Sendobili
cxovrebisa istoriis mermindel transcententur sauku-
neSi.
195
 eklesiuri instituirebis safexurze xdeba am imedis
`daxSuli obieqtivireba~. roca bibliuri rwmena gadadis
aRmsareblur (konfesiur) formaciaSi, maSin mas eqmneba
safrTxe, rom moswydes pirvelsafuZvels da gadagvardes
arabibliur rwmenad. maSin samyaroSi Cndeba bibliuri gan-
zomilebis ukmarisoba, romlis kompensireba madlis in-
stitutebs aRar SeuZliaT. ra SeiZleba moitanos eklesiis
msoflio-istoriulma ganaxlebam? iaspersis prognoziT,
`eklesiur rwmenaSi fesvgadgmuli eqsistencialuri ener-
gia~ calkeul mrevlebSi da individualur gamovlinebebSi
Seucvlel rezultats moitans, magram araviTari niSani ar
Cans imis savaraudeblad, rom rwmenis `konfesiuri forma~
raime farTomasStabian zegavlenas moaxdens evropeli ada-
mianis perspeqtivebze.
iaspersis daskvniT, konfesiuri religiebi gardaiqm-
nebian bibliur religiad. es iqneba kacobriobis axali go-
niTi aristokratiis ZiriTadi amocana. maTi ZalisxmeviT
kacobrioba kvlav Seicnobs imis uRrmes mniSvnelobas, rom
RmerTi arsebobs, rom adamiani transcendencTan maradi-
uli Tanaarsebobis perspeqtivis winaSe dgas.
maSin kvlav dadgeba msoflio istoriis `RerZuli dro~
_ `sawyisuri dro~; roca Seiqmna biblia, buddas, konfu-
cis, platonis sistemebi. `msoflio istoriis RerZi~ srul
bruns Seasrulebs da gamoavlens am `brunis~ miznebsa da
sazriss.
`ukanasknel RerZul drosTan~ dakavSirebiT iasperss
aqvs arsebiTi xasiaTis SeniSvna: kategoriulad unda ko-
reqtirdes imis molodini, rom damdegi RerZuli dro
mogvecema bibliuri religiis axal gamocxadebaSi. ga-
mocxadebis cneba mxolod da mxolod `sawyisRerZuli
drois~ bibliis kuTvnilebaa da ara `ukanaskneli RerZuli
droisa~. gamocxadeba ukve aRsrulda Zvelsa da axal aRTq-
maSi da igi ukve dasrulebulia.
rogor SeiZleba istoria Sevides Tavis `dasrule-
bul msoflio fazaSi~, Tu ar iqna miRweuli religiaTa
msoflio erToba? gulisxmobs Tu ara `erTiani kacobri-
196
oba~ cneba `sarwmunoebrivi erTianobis~ cnebas? iaspersi
aseT aucileblobas uaryofs. unitaruli msofli religia
mxolod unitaruli msoflio imperiis SemTxvevaSi iqneba
aucilebeli.
iasperss Semoaqvs dekoncentrirebuli esqatologiis
cneba. am cnebis mixedviT axali msoflio wesrigis (da ara
axali msoflio imperiis) damyareba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
gaxdeba SesaZlebeli Tu arsebuli sarwmunoebrivi formebi
Tavisufalni iqnebian sakuTarsave tradiciuli pirvelwy-
aroebis mimarT. Tu isini ar iqnebian CarTulni transcen-
dentis obieqtur-zogadmniSvnelad SinaarsSi.
msoflio federalizmi Tavis religiur seqtorSi TiT-
eul sarwmunoebas TviTgamovlenis azriT dasrulebis ad-
eqvatur areebs gauxsnis. msoflio federalizmis zekon-
fesionaluri religiuri perspeqtivebis prognozirebaSi
iaspersi ufro Sorsac midis: SesaZloa kacobrioba elodes
ara zogadmniSvnelad esqatologiur finalobas, aramed
federalistur esqatologizms _ yvelas Taviseburad
gamoecxadeba istoriis dasasrulis transcendenturi saz-
risi.

$ 45. pirovneba, Temi da aRmsarebloba

`savles SeeZlo pavled qceuliyo Tavis ganmar-
toebul religiur eqstazSi, magram misi pav-
led darCena mxolod qristianuli Temis kon-
teqstSi iyo SesaZlebeli, romelic pavled
scnobda da adasturebda mis `axal yofiere-
bas~.

peter bergeri, Tomas lukmani

filosofiuri rwmenidan bibliuri rwmenisaken _ aseTia

iaspersis mier miTiTebuli gza. eqsistencialuri katarzi-
sis triadulma struqturam gviCvena, rom esqatologiuri
197
refleqsiis safuZvelze xdeba gasvla samoqalaqo sociumis
velze. am `velze~ ki yoveli Zieba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
alternatiuli modelebisa da preindustriuli komunebisa
marcxiT Tavdeba. samoqalaqo tradicionalizms am ganzo-
milebaSi alternativa ara aqvs.
samoqalaqo tradicionalizmis gasaSleli are poli-
tikuri institutebis mier gamoTavisuflebul sameurneo-
eTikuri qmedebis velze SeiZleba gaixsnas. amgvarad xsnil
areSi formirdebian samoqalaqo Temebi _ ojaxi, samego-
bro, samezoblo, sofeli, qalaqi, mxare, samSoblo. Cven
ar SevudgebiT TiToeuli am Temuri formis daxasiaTebas.
`saojaxo Temi~, `samezoblo Temi~ da `samegobro Temi~
principulad ar gansxvavdebian yvelaze masStaburi `samoqa-
laqo Temisagan~, romelic `samSoblos~ cnebiT aRiniSneba.
`samSoblos~, rogorc Temuri erTobis safuZvelia farTo
azriT gagebuli sainformacio-enobrivi erToba. amgvari
erTobis fuZemdebeli sazrisi mxolod da mxolod aRm-
sarebluri erTobis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamomJRavndes.
enobrivi erTobis esqatologiuri tradicionalizmi `Sina-
gani sicxadiT~ gulisxmobs aRmsareblur dones. `samSoblo~
is horizontia, romelSiac `Jami qarTuliTa eniTa Seiwirvis
da locvai yoveli aResrulebis~.
maqs vebers SeniSnuli aqvs, rom TemTa warmoqmnis pro-
cesi sabolood mistiuri instanciidanaa sanqcirebuli.
qristianuli Temis ZiriTadi idea SenarCunebuli iqna aR-
mosavluri qristianobis mtkice rwmenaSi, rom qristianTa
Zmuri siyvaruli, Tu is namdvilad Zmuri da wmindaa, Sina-
gani kanonzomierebiT midis arsebobis ZiriTad parametrTa
saerTobamde, maT Soris rwmenis dogmaturi instanciis
saerTobamde, anu saerTo aRmsareblobamde, konfesiur
Tanayofierebamde.
samoqalaqo tradicionalizmis Temuri gasaqani Tavisi
ZiriTadi daniSnulebiT aris aRmsarebluri tradiciona-
lizmis socialuri garemo. aRmsarebluri tradicionalizmi

198
samoqalaqo stabilurobis garantia. `merve dRis~ horizon-
tSi moqceuli adamiani Tavidan icilebs utopizmis eresSi
Cavardnis safrTxes.
`dResa meSvidisa gansvenebisasa~ da yovelTa dReTa
`postdRes~, `merve dRes~ Soris eklesiis tradicia gamo-
yofs `saSineli samsjavros dRes~, principuli saidumlos
zols. es `zoli~ aRmsarebluri dogmatis instanciis saxiT
aris damcavi zoli imisgan, rom ar moxdes aRreva adamianis
yofierebis ZiriTad areebs Soris. `saSineli samsjavros~
dogmati, rogorc utopizmis eresisagan damcavi instan-
cia aq iseve ualternativoa, rogorc `samoqalaqo Temebi~
Tanayofierebis socialur planSi.
`samoqalaqo Temebi~ Tavis mxriv daculni arian am zoniT,
raTa ar gadagvardnen konfesiur-politikur seqtebad.
politikur _ konfesiur samSobloze mxolod gadataniTi
azriT SeiZleba laparaki. netari avgustines ganmartebiT:
`qristians Tavisi `mSobliuri qalaqi~ dedamiwaze ara aqvs~.
bibliuri msoflmxedvelobidan `evropeli adamianis~
diskursis TandaTanobiTi mowyvetis procesSi aRiniSna
fizikuri energetikuli industriidan sulieri energe-
tikis industriaze anu zekacis diskursze gadasvla. es-
qatologiur refleqsiaSi gamovlinda misi `SeZrwuneba
da kraxi~. zekacis diskursidan `bibliis kacad~ moqcevis
procesi samoqalaqo tradicionalizmis gavliT aRmsareblur
tradicionalizmze TandaTanobiT moqcevis procesia. moqce-
vis eqsistencialuri, samoqalaqo da konfesiuri doneebis
sinqronuli pulsaciis SesaZlebloba igivea, rac maTi sin-
ergetuli urTierTgamWvirvalebis SesaZlebloba.

199
 $ 46. uqmneli energiebis sinergetika
`sameba an jojoxeTi, _ sxva arCevani ar arsebobs~

pavle florenski

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tradiciaSi Teologia cdi-

seuli SeerTebaa RmerTTan. amdenad igi Teoria ki ar aris,
aramed ganRmrTobis (Teozisis) praqsisia.
vl. loski ambobs: aRmosavluri tradicia, miuxedavad
maRali filosofiuri qarizmisa, erTguli darCa cdiseuli
RvTismetyvelebis apofaturi sawyisisa da SesZlo azrovne-
ba SeeCerebina principuli saidumlos zRurblTan, romlis
gadalaxvas mohyveboda RmerTis Secvla misi idolebiT.
apofazisi aucileblad eqstazi rodia. esaa goniTi dis-
pozicia, sadac uari iTqva RmerTis cnebis Sedgenaze. am
ganwyobaSi radikalurad gamoiricxa yovelgvari raciona-
luri Teologia, romelsac surs RvTiuri sibrZnis said-
umloni abstraqtul konstruqciebs Seuguos. katafazisi mx-
olod inteleqtualuri proceduraa. xolo apofazisi igive
katarzisia, _ im qmnilebiseuli korelatebisagan gawmendaa,
romlebic araqmnili energiebis zonas faraven.
vl. loskis gansazRvriT, `es katarzisi ufro eqsis-
tencialuria~, vidre neoplatonur da gnostikuri tipis
TeozisSia dasaSvebi. es arc ezoTerizmia, romelic dafaru-
lia aragandobilTaTvis, arc gnostikosTa TviTsrulyofis
safexurebrivi teqnikaa, aramed es aris Wvretis skola, sa-
dac TiToeuli iRebs Tavis wil madls qristianul saidum-
loTa cdiseul SemecnebaSi.
yvelaze didi saidumlo mocemulia yovladwminda samebis
dogmatSi. qristianoba, wminda mamebis ganmartebiT, ar aris
arc monoTeisturi da arc poliTetisturi religia. igi
samebis religiaa. samebiseuli RvTismetyveleba gulisx-
mobs sul ufro da ufro Rrma da Rrma eqsistencialur ko-
munikacias RvTaebasTan. sameba absoluturad miuwvdomelia,
da amave dros, ZaluZs realuri urTierToba adamianTan:
200
aq sruliad dauSvebelia antinomiis romelime mxaris gau-
qmeba: erTdroulad vxvdebiT RvTiuri bunebis monawile da
amave dros is sruliad miuwvdomeli rCeba CvenTvis. rom
SeiZlebodes adamianuri bunebis (Tundac romelime momen-
tSi) Serwyma TviT RmerTis bunebasTan, maSin is sampirovani
ki ar iqneboda, aramed mravalpirovani, e.i. imdeni hiposta-
si eqneboda, ramdenic monawileobs ziarebis saidumloSi.
vl. loski aRmosavluri qristianobis specifikas imaSi
xedavs, rom aq mkafiod ganasxvaveben samebas Tavis arsSi,
romelic sruliad miuwvdomelia da missave uqmnel ener-
giebs, romlis meSveobiTac Tavis Tavs gvatyobinebs da
gvivlens. imowmebs wm. grigol palamas: `RvTiuri da ganmaR-
vTobeli madli da gasxivosneba RmerTis arsi ki ar aris,
aramed RvTis energia~. esaa samhipostasuri RvTis saerTo
energia, Zala da qmedeba.
uqmneli energiebi, es TviT samebaa, oRond ara Tavis
arsSi, aramed misgan maradiul gadmoRvrilobaSi. sameba
erTdroulad arsebobs rogorc Tavis arsSi, ise mis gareT.
eklesia aris araqmnili energiebis qmnil yofierebaSi
Semavali zona. amiT qmnilebas ecxadeba xsnis saidumlo da
ara im sferoTa saidumloebebi, romelnic SesaZloa arc
saWiroeben xsnas. qmnil yofierebas gaaCnia Tavisi eklesi-
ologiuri aspeqti, romelic ar unda gauigivdes kosmolo-
giur an istoriul aspeqtebs. SezRuduli qmnileba Tavis
TavSi atarebs axal ganzomilebas, romelic ar SeuZlia
mTlianad daitios Tavis TavSi. swored esaa eklesia anu
araqmnili energiebis zona.
eklesiis gareT, es energiebi qmnilebis mimarT garegani
mizezobrivi faqtorebis saxiT moqmedeben. mxolod ekle-
siis wiaRSi eZleva es energia qmnil arsebaT madlis anu
RmerTTan SemaerTebeli Zalis saxiT. mTeli qmnileba mo-
wodebulia Sevides eklesiaSi, raTa saukuneTa aRsrulebis
Semdeg RvTis marad samefod gardaiqmnas.

201
 $ 47. madli da yoveldRiuroba
`movida Ze kacisa, Wams da svams da amboben:
aha, kaci, romelsac uyvars Wama da Rvinis sma.
mebaJeTa da codvilTa megobaria~
(maTe 12.19)

rogorc vnaxavT zekacis diskursis safuZvlebi her-

menevtikis energetikul paradigmebSia mocemuli. amgvari en-
ergetikis gasaqani ki qarizmis industriaSia. es industria
ki adamianis klasikur-tradiciul maxasiaTeblebs `austai-
derul~ rigSi aTavsebs. am viTarebis Semecneba ki cxads
xdis, rom `adamianad darCena dauSvebelia~.
aucilebelia imaze miTiTeba, rom adamianis fundamenturi
arsebis gadarCena dakavSirebulia `qarizmis industriisa-
gan~ principulad gansxvavebuli fenomenis _ hierofaniebis
gaazrebasTan. es aris adamianis yofierebis Tvavisebure-
bebis SemnarCunebeli da amave dros misi farglebs gareT
gamyvani faqtori. am `faqtoris~ gaSuqeba aris erT-erTi
yvelaze aqtualuri da yvelaze rTuli amocana.
Tanamedrove azrovnebis e.w. `neokonservatoruli na-
kadi~ am punqtSi `bibliur msoflmxedvelobas~ emyareba.
madlis bibliuri gagebis Tanaxmad, pirveladamianma saku-
Tari nebiT gaiucxova uqmneli enegiebi. codviTdacemidan
sulTmofenobamde, bibliis dasawyisidan saxarebis dasas-
rulamde, uqmneli energiebi, ganmaRmrTobeli madli ucxo
xdeba adamianuri bunebisaTvis, misi arsebobis bazisuri
formisaTvis, rasac sociologebi `cxovrebis wess~ an `yovel-
dRiurobas~ uwodeben. mxsneli qarizma aRar eZleva kerZo
adamians. qarizma masze mxolod garedan zemoqmedebs, ma-
Sinac ki, roca rCeulSi Sedis igi misTvis droebiT mini-
Webul garegan da ucxo Zalad rCeba. arc erTi qarizmati
Zveli aRTqmisa mas pirad Tvisebad ar aRiqvams. qarizma arc
ki exeba pirovnebis arss, ise `gadmodis masze~ da aseve `ga-
neSoreba mas~. qarizmati garegani Zalis instrumentia. ase-

202
Tia Zveli aRTqmis spontanuri qarizmatizmi; aseTi instru-
mentebi arian Zveli winaswarmetyvelni. ganRmrToba anu
pirovnebis madlismieri SeerTeba RmerTTan SeuZlebeli
xdeba. madlma miiRo yoveldRiuri cxovrebis samefosadmi
ucxo da represiuli ideologiuri superstruqturis saxe.
Zis hipostasis gamocxadebiT gaixsna pirovnuli gan-
RmrTobis horizonti. SesaZlo gaxda madlis Sinagan-eq-
sistencialuri miReba da personuli Sewynareba: ori nebis
TanaSemweoba _ diofizituri sinergia. Zis meoxebiT ada-
mianis zogadi buneba SeuerTda samebas, xolo suliwmindis
cxovelmoqmedebiT TiToeuli qristiani iqca samebis qmnil
hipostasad.
madli Semodis swored yoveldRiurobis yvelaze re-
alur zonaSi, e.i. im zonaSi, romelic `aq da axla~ uSua-
lod xelmisawvdomia. hierofaniebis meSveobiT `araqmnili
energia~ gadavida intersubieqtur samyaroSi, romelsac
TiToeuli subieqti iziarebs sxva subieqtebTan erTad.
`cxovreba qristeSi~ _ esaa uwyveti Zalisxmeva madlis
SewynarebisaTvis. qmnilebiseuli hipostasebis `personul
birTvSi~(m. Seleri) muSaobs Tavisufali neba, romelic
mudmivad axorcielebs arCevanis aqtebs. mcdar arCevans
SeuZlia madlisgan SeuRwevadi gaxcados qmnili hiposta-
si. raki yoveli pirovneba miwyiv arCevanSia, amitom miwyiv
imyofeba `madlis dinamikur mdgomareobaSi~. yoveli qris-
tiani, anu yoveli qmnili hipostasi samebisa, yovelTvis
met an nakleb, xan met da xan nakleb madlSia da amave dros
yvelani yovelTvis metad an naklebad madlsmoklebulni
arian.
saeklesio ierarqia _ patrimonaluri tipis sasuliero
xelisufleba, sawesCveulebo da ritualur Tanayofiere-
baSia samebasTan. amaSia xsnis regularuli qarizmatizmi,
an rogorc veberi ityoda `institucionaluri madli~. vl.
loski aRniSnavs, rom codvis determinizmidan ar unda Cav-
vardeT xsnis determinizmSi. sawesCveulebo da ritualuri

203
mxarisadmi Warbi rwmena `xsnis magiad~ aqcevs konfesiur
liturgias. vl. loski am poziciaSi xazs usvams eqsisten-
cialuri aspeqtis mniSvnelobas. adamianis Sinagan Zalisx-
mevas wili uZevs TviT saidumlos qmediTobaSi. igi monaw-
ileobs xsnis yvela muxlSi.
`eqsistencialuri drois pirveladi eqstatiur-hori-
zontulobidan~, Zrwolisa da sindisis gamocdilebidan da im
esqatologiuri ganwyobebidan, romelTa wyaroebi adamianis
kontrols gareTaa, SesaZlo xdeba xsnis komfesiuri hori-
zontis SesakuTreba. amgvar SesakuTrebaSi `uqmneli ener-
gia~ exeba adamianis `Sinagan personul birTvs~, romelic
yovel calkeul qcevaSi Taviseburad realizdeba. sindisis
mamxilebeli Setyobineba filosofiur diskursSi mxolod
ontologiuri SesaZleblobis, xolo religiur sawierSi
sinanulis saidumlos aRsrulebaa.
alber Svaicerma erTgan SeniSna: `sindisi, romelic ar
qejnis, eSmakis monaCmaxiao~. sindisi qenjniT muSaobs. igi
gvwvavs. esaa siyvarulis (simpatiis) yvelaze elementaruli
da amave dros yvelaze sawyisuri forma. sindisis, rogorc
`mamxilebeli gonebis~ Zala mxolod sinanulis saidumloSi
gardaiqmneba `Sinagan uqmnel energiad~. kirkegori ambobs
mariam magdalinelze: `am qalSi uZlieresia Zala sircxvil-
isa, ufro Zlieri, vidre TviT sicocxlea~. codvil deda-
kacSi Semodis `sicocxleze ufro Zlieri~ uqmneli energia
da ixsnis mas.

204
 Sejameba

yovelive zemoTqmuli zekacis konceptze da misi her-

menevtikuli TviTgamorkvevis paradigmul variaciebze,
saboloo Sejamebisa da daskvnebis gamotanis saSualebas
Tu ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi ramdenime mniSvnelovani miniS-
nebis gakeTebis saSualebas mainc iZleva. zekacis figur-
aSi, romelic gamoxatavs axali drois kacobriobis arss
(m.haidegeri) da ukanasknel aswleulSi filosofiuri az-
ris gzamkvlevis rols TamaSobs, Tavs iCens hermenevti-
kis hierofaniuli da energetikuli mxareebis iseTi Tana-
fardoba, sadac adgili aqvs ara marto interperatciaTa
konfliqts, aramed TviTon interpretaciis konfliqts
(p.rikiori); aRniSnuli `mxareebi~ (da Sesabamisi koncept-
personaJebi) SeiZleba filosofiuri hermenevtikis moqmed
sinTezebad da mudmiv antiTezebad ganvixiloT.
nicSes mier `zekacSi~ moniSnuli ori arsebiTi konturi:
Zalauflebisadmi neba da maradiuli kvlavdabruneba igive-
si, Slaiermaxerisa da dilTais sicocxlis romantikul
hermenevtikaSi Camoyalibda, rogorc teqstebis kongenial-
uri gamgebis figura, romlis principi sicocxlis procesis
energetikul zrdaSi, cnobierebis Sinagani cxovrebis, Sina-
gani drois SeuzRudav `gabevrebaSi~, gamdirdebaSi; zeuxvi,
zeWarbi, zemZlavri cnobierebis formirebaSi gamoixateba.
Zalauflebis zrdisa da igives maradiuli ukuSeqcevis her-
menevtika axal SesaZleblobebs avlens huserlis fenom-
enologiaSi. kerZod, `eidetur intuiciaSi~ da bergsonis
`SekumSuli drois~ (La Dure) hipoTezaSi. Taviseburadaa es
SesaZleblobani gamovlenili teqnologiuri TamaSis fig-
uraSi, sofiopraqsisSi da a.S. maTSi Cans nicSeseuli `Semo-
qmedi nihilizmis~, postnihilizmis niSnebi.
dilTaiseuli energetikuli paradigmis reversia
gagebis Teoriasa da praqtikaSi, razec XX saukunis did-
ma hermenetikosebma, _ h.-g.gadamerma da pol rikiormac

205
miuTiTes, `maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis~ axali ontologi-
uri SesaZleblobebis postulirebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
filosofiur sibrtyeze am SesaZleblobaTa referenciebis
rols arsuleben mirCa eliadesa da Jil deliozis fi-
losofiuri saubrebi `gansxvaveba da ganmeorebis~ Sesaxeb.
amgvari gansxvaveba//ganmeorebis eqsplicituri miTiTebebia
moxazuli haidegeris “yofiereba da droSi”. igulisxmeba
“ganmeorebisadmi mowiwebis” eqsistencialuri analizi (§74-
§75). am miTiTebebis postmodernulma eqsklikaciebma xeli
Seuwyves drois naratiuli aRwarmoebis aqtualizacias da
metaistoriulad gadaqcevas. amave sibrtyezea Tanamedrove
`quCis~ (sajaro sivrcis), simulakrumis dabruneba sawyisur
urdoSi da misi xelaxla Soba metaistoriaSi.
zekacis figurebi hermenevtikuli TviTgamorkvevis
procesSi mimarTebaSi Sedian `ontologiur natyorcnTan~
(deliozi), sadac azri gafigurebisaken miiswrafvis da
gaurbis TviTorganizebas tradiciul cnebiT igiveobebSi
da afeqtTa mxatvrul perceptebSi. Sesabamisad icvleba
TviTon `paradigmulobac~. is Tavisufldeba platonuri
filosofiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `nimuSurobidan~. Se-
sabamisad zekacis figurebi aRar SeiZleba iyvnen aqtual-
urni rogorc nicSes zaratustras apokrifebi da simula-
ciebi; arc rogorc nebismieri TviTmodelirebis proeqte-
bi. ufro mniSvnelovani Cans Semdeg momentze aqcentireba:
zekacis figurebSi azri intencionalurad Tan sdevs on-
tologiur singularobebs (`erTxel: xdomilebebs~), rom-
lebic `amoityorcnebian~ da ukumiiqcevian Tavisuflebis
sxvadasxva xarisxebSi.
saTanado referenciebma aCvena, rom adamiani imdenad
aris `homo religius~, ramdenadac azrovneba aris bina-
ruli opoziciebis, gansxvavebebis aRmoCena. azrovneba aR-
mocenda SiSismomgvrelisa da mowiwebis integralis gamov-
lenis safuZvelze. am `integrals~ ewodeba saswaulCena,
romelic gamoixateba `numinozuri auris~ matarebeli re-

206
ligiuri simboloebis SemoqmedebaSi, xolo Semdeg cnebiT
artikulaciaSi. azrovnebis dramas qmnis cnebisa da simbo-
los konfliqti. gansxvaveba gaZevebulia cnebidan da iqce-
va gareSe Zalad (rogorc SemTxveva `erTxel~). am viTarebas
gamoTqvams nicSes sityva `resentimenti~: uZlurTa joguri
SurisZieba gamorCeulisadmi. zekaci, rogrc Tavisi Tavis
damZlevi Tavis TavSi, aris azrovnebis Zireuli unari gan-
sxvaveba gamoiyvanos cnebis igiveobrivi birTvidan, ro-
melic winaaRmdegobas uwevs gansxvavebis Zalas da kvlav
cdilobs gaaZevos konceptidan, magram amas veRar aRwevs
filosofiur konceptSi, radgan filosofiuri koncepti
cneba ar aris.
postmodernis kondiciaSi platonis filosofiisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli maradiuli `modelebi~ veRar batonoben
Tavisufal gansxvavebulobebze. es SeiZleba miviCnioT Ta-
visuflebis aqamde ucnobi tendenciebis gamovlinebebad
da maTi filosofiuri artikulaciebis mcdelobebad. arc
saWiroa da arc SesaZlebelia am `tendenciebis~ kvlavCa-
bruneba platonuri, Tomisturi an hegelianuri tipis fi-
losofiuri sistemebis foladis galiebSi; iseve rogorc,
arc SesaZlebelia da arc saWiroa adamianuri yofierebis
arsebiTi struqturebis TviTmodelireba. zekacis kon-
ceptebis Sinagani orazrovneba migvaniSnebs, rom saWiroa
da SesaZlebelia adamianisa da Tavisuflebis axladgamov-
lenili ontologiuri SesaZleblobebis ziari hermenevti-
kuli velis aRmoCena, maT Soris dialogis gamarTva.

207
 Irakli Brachuli

Hermeneutics of Overman:
Hierophanies and Energetic Paradigms

Summary
A concept-personage of Overman (Superman) and a paradigm of its
variations give us possibility to make several important conclusions. The
figure of the Superman which in the last decade plays a role of guide,
in philosophical sense, reveals equality of hermeneutical, hierophanical
and energetic sides, where there proceeds a conflict of conflict of in-
terpretation as well as a conflict of interpretation itself (Paul Ricœur).
These “sides” and relevant concept-personages may be considered as a
current synthesis of philosophical hermeneutics and constant antithesis.
Two major contours outlined by Nietzsche: Two major figures outlined
by Nietzsche: The will to the power and eternal return going back into
the romantic hermeneutics of life of Wilhelm Dilthey. Here the specific
figure of genius is revealed. It’s main principe is energetic growth of life
which enriches an internal life of consciousness. This form of herme-
neutics found its continuation in Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological
theory, as well as in the hypothesis of creative evolution by Henri-Louis
Bergson.
In the contemporary hermeneutical situation the “identity of cul-
ture” has been transformed into the culture of “eternal return”. The
qualitative ontology that emerged from old scholasticss was replaced by
quantitative dynamic world, on the background of which the mystery
of universal ideas do not matter any more. The quantity is sort of an
identity which has neither beginning nor the end point. This view is
sharply expressed in the theories of Mircea Eliade and Gilles Deleuze.

208
Their texts are similar by the intuitive manner; they even have the same
terminological nomenclature. In both researches: Eliade’s “Le Mythe de
L’Eternel Retour. Archétypes et répétition (1969) and Deleuze’s “Differ-
ence and Répétition” (1968), the path of ontology leads us to Nietzsche,
that actually gets back to a myth of eternal return and leads to create a
concept of Overman (Übermensch). The Superman remains the major
figure of modern hermeneutical situation and the most adequate concep-
tual scheme. According to Deleuzeian term, it is the major conceptual
character, which moves in the “plane of immanence”); the ontological
repetition (repetition) takes place exactly here, it doesn’t return identities
back. The eternal return happens from the universe of differentiations.
Reasoning - realised from the slavery of homogenous ideas and en-
ters into hierophania of inhomogeneous. Each repetition changed and
renews the previous one. Reasoning is not any longer the simulation in-
different similarities. It already operates with exceptional events. Eliade
found out the key of religion and myth in a “main mystery”, “universal
mythos” and in the ritual of periodical revenue of the world. This is a
repetition and restoration of an origin time. A ritual invasion of the sacral
in the modernity i.e. Hierophania is conducted in this way.
Provided analyse gives us opportunity to put closer Eliade’s “mod-
els of initiation” and Deleuze’s “Repetition”. Everything returned back
due to the fact that nothing is equal. New ways of ontology emerge the
contours of future. The renewal of a human situation will be possible by
reintegration of historical time into original time.
In the “postmodern condition”, the eternal models, characterized for
Platonic philosophy, are not dominating in the free differences. It may
be deemed as reflections of the unknown tendencies of existence and an
attempt of their philosophical articulations. It is not necessary and not
possible to reattain these tendencies back to philosophical systems of
Platonic, Thomistic or Hegelian type, arrest them in steel cages. Like-
wise, there is not an urgent need and even it is not possible any kind of
self-modeling for human vital structures of existence. Internal ambiguity
of the concept of Superman indicates, that it is necessary and possible

209
to find a mutual hermeneutical field between human and free possibili-
ties, state a dialogue between them. A prominent hermeneutists of the
XX century,- Hans-Georg Gadamer and Psul Ricœur indicated on new
ontological possibilities of eternal return back. They outlined a reverse
of energetic paradigms to the hierophanical paradigms.

210
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 irakli braWuli

zekacis hermenevtika:
hierofaniebi da energetikuli paradigmebi

IRAKLI BRACHULI

HERMENEUTICS OF OVERMAN:
HIEROPHANIES END ENERGETIC PARADIGMS

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kaxaber rusiZe

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TinaTin yifiani

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa
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Tbilisi
2018

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