## ICBMIS2019 Book of Abstract - 10 - Nov - 2019

Programme and Book of Abstracts of the of
1st International Conference on Business, Management

and Information Systems 2019
Universiti Teknologi Brunei

Brunei Darussalam
13 – 14 November 2019
i
1st International Conference on Business, Management and Information
Systems 2019
ii
PROGRAMME AND BOOK OF ABSTRACTS OF THE
1st International Conference on Business, Management and
Information Systems 2019
13-14 November 2019, Brunei Darussalam
Published by
UTB School of Business

Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410
Brunei Darussalam
Copyright © 2019 the 1st International Conference on Business, Management and

Information Systems (ICBMIS 2019), UTB School of Business. Permission to make digital
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iii
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Honorary Chair/Advisor
Awang Haji Ady Syarmin bin Hj Md Taib
Chairperson
Dr Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen
Deputy Chairs
Dr Fadzliwati Binti Mohiddin
Dr Fahmi Ibrahim
Members
Professor Kamariah Binti Ismail
Dr Shaista Wasiuzzaman, Brunei
Dr Larry Su, Brunei
Mohamad Zawawi Bin Bahari, Brunei
Dr. Farahiyah Binti Hj Kawi, Brunei
Dr Fahmi Ibrahim, Brunei
Liana Artini Binti Hj Mohd. Noor, Brunei
Dk Ida Nurul-Fitri Binti Pg Hj Kahar, Brunei
Siti Asmahlahti Bolkini Binti A. Hj Ahmad, Brunei
Radin Jefri Radin Mas Basiuni, Brunei
Muhammad Shahmauluddin Bin Hj Shahlehi, Brunei
Dr Ulaganathan Subramanian, Brunei
Dr Shahid Anjum, Brunei
Dr Kabiru Maitama Kura, Brunei
Mohd Rozaidin Bin Dr. Hj Md Serudin, Brunei
Mohammad Hifzhan Dzulfiqar Bin Azhar, Brunei
Hjh Siti Eddyilahwati Binti Hj Suhaili, Brunei
Hjh Norazillah Binti Hj Abdullah, Brunei
Pg Abdul Mutalib Bin Pg Hj Kamalludin, Brunei
Dr Ibrahim Aramide Salihu, Brunei
Dr Heru Susanto, Brunei
Dr Junaid M. Shaikh, Brunei
Technical Committee
Professor Kamariah Binti Ismail(Chairperson)
Dr Imran Alvi, UK
Dr Zahid Parvez, UK
Assoc. Prof. Abdelkader Chachi, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr Adeel Malik, UK
Assoc. Prof. Seyed Mohamed Buhari MI, KSA
Dr Min-Son Dao, Japan
Dr Golda Brunet, India
Assoc. Prof. Jamalludin Hashim, Malaysia
Dr Sabrinah Adam, Malaysia
Dr Zuraidah Sulaiman, Malaysia
iv
Dr Adaviah Mas’od, Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Aslan bin Amat Senin, Malaysia
Dr Mohd Khairuddin Ramliy, Malaysia
Dr Ai Chin Thoo, Malaysia
Dr Nguyen Phuc Canh, Vietnam
Dr Mohamed Syazwan, Brunei
Dr Noriza Mohd Jamal, Malaysia
Dr Mohammad Faisal Rizwan, Pakistan
Prof Syed Mohammad Amir Shah, Pakistan
Dr Shaista Wasiuzzaman, Brunei
Dr Larry Su, Brunei
Mohamad Zawawi Bin Bahari, Brunei
Hjh Farahiyah Binti Hj Kawi, Brunei
Dr Fahmi Ibrahim, Brunei
Dr Safi Ullah Khan, Brunei
Liana Artini Binti Hj Mohd. Noor, Brunei
Dk Ida Nurul-Fitri Binti Pg Hj Kahar, Brunei
Siti Asmahlahti Bolkini Binti A. Hj Ahmad, Brunei
Radin Jefri Radin Mas Basiuni, Brunei
Muhammad Shahmauluddin Bin Hj Shahlehi, Brunei
Dr Ulaganathan Subramanian, Brunei
Dr Shahid Anjum, Brunei
Dr Kabiru Maitama Kura, Brunei
Mohd Rozaidin Bin Dr. Hj Md Serudin, Brunei
Mohammad Hifzhan Dzulfiqar Bin Azhar, Brunei
Hjh Siti Eddyilahwati Binti Hj Suhaili, Brunei
Dr Fadzliwati Binti Mohiddin, Brunei
Hjh Norazillah Binti Hj Abdullah, Brunei
Pg Abdul Mutalib Bin Pg Hj Kamalludin, Brunei
Dr Ibrahim Aramide Salihu, Brunei
v
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editors
Dr Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen (Editor-in-Chief)
Dr Fadzliwati Binti Mohiddin
Dr Kabiru Maitama Kura
Dr. Farahiyah Binti Hj Kawi
Prof. Dr. Kamariah Binti Ismail
Dr Shaista Wasiuzzaman
Dr Ibrahim Aramide Salihu
Dr Larry Su
Dr Fahmi Ibrahim
Track Chairs
Dr. Farahiyah Binti Hj Kawi – Accounting
Dr Kabiru Maitama Kura – Management
Dr Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen – Management Information Systems
Professor Kamariah Binti Ismail – Entrepreneurship
Dr Shaista Wasiuzzaman – Finance/Islamic Finance
Dr Ibrahim Aramide Salihu – Accounting
Dr Larry Su – Economics
Dr Fahmi Ibrahim - Innovation
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE iv
EDITORIAL BOARD vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
WELCOMING NOTES ix
WARM REMARKS FROM THE CHAIRPERSON OF ICBMIS2019 x
ICBMIS2019 CONFERENCE PROGRAM xi
PARALLEL SESSIONS SESSION SCHEDULE xii
Taxes and Firm Values: Reduce to Induce 1
Service Level Agreement in Malaysian Public Hospital: Human Factors Influence 2
Access to finance and innovation project failures: Developing markets 3
Impact of Organizational Learning on SME Performance: Mediating Effect of Competitive
Strategy 4
Impact of Innovation on SMEs performance in F&B Manufacturing and Service Industry
in Brunei 5
A Study on Factors Influencing the Startup Intention among Students 6
Why Feedback Matters in Academics’ Performance Management? 7
Measurement of Social Capital and Welfare for Sustainable Development of Malaysia 8
Consumers’ Motivation towards Purchase Intention on Online Product in Brunei 9
Investor Risk and Returns in the Nigerian Capital Market 10
Re-examining the Role of Service Quality Dimensions and Trust in Predicting Customer
Satisfaction in Brunei Postal Services 11
Gender Differences in Equity Crowdfunding Investment: A Study of Investors in Malaysia 12
Exploring The Community Participation: A Case Study of Homestays in Brunei 13
Debt Financing and Firm Value: A Panel Data Analysis 14
Assessing the Implementation of Employees Training: Cases of Service-Based Organizations
in Malaysia 15
Applied Protection Motivation in Safeguarding Lessons Learned During Information
Technology (IT) Disaster Recovery 16
A Digital Framework for CSR Donations using Blockchain for Disaster Victims 17
Dynamic Long-Run of Trade Openness on Economic Growth Among Selected West
African Countries: A Panel Data Approach 18
Corporate Governance and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises:
A Catalyst for Entrepreneurship Growth and Sustainability in Nigeria 19
A Case Study Approach to Measure the Effectiveness of Youth Leadership Program 20
Reviewing the Islamic Principles used in Performance Appraisal Method 21
A Survey of i-Fintech Literature and Identifying Future Research Direction 22
Does the Audit Committee Diversity Influence Discretionary Disclosure? A dynamic
Panel Analysis on Developing Countries 23
Mediating Effect of Intrapreneurship on Psychological Ownership and Teachers’
In-Role Performance 24
Ownership Structure and Going Concern Evaluation of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria 25
Lease-Debt Substitutability or Complementarity: Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Firms
in Nigeria 26
Empirical Impact Evaluation of Sales Promotional Mix on Sachet-Water Product Distribution
on Enterprise Performance: Survey of selected Sarchet-water outfits in Niger State 27
Entrepreneurial intention among Secondary School Students: A proposed conceptual
framework 28
A Qualitative Evidences of User Satisfaction on Government Employee Management Systems 29
The Factors influencing the Career Choice of University Students: A Descriptive Analysis of
Pure Science and Social Science Students in Universiti Brunei Darussalam 30
An Exploratory Study on Internet and Social Media Usage Among Filipino College Students
in A Private College in Taguig City, Philippines 31
vii
An Inter-correlational Study on Socio-demographic Profile, Customer Satisfaction and
Customer Loyalty in a Fast Food Restaurant in the Philippines 32
Board Diversity, Corporate Risk-Taking and Corporate Diversification Activities: Empirical
Evidence From Malaysia 33
Ethical Behaviour of Professional Accountants in Brunei 34
A Review on Pipeline Condition Prediction Methods 35
An Explanatory Study of Users’ Satisfaction: Evidence from Brunei Healthcare Information
and Management System (Bru-HIMS) 36
Systematic University Intellectual Property Exploitation for a Better Technology
Commercialization 37
The Determinants of Nascent Venture Performance in Malaysia 38
The Mediating Effect of Housing Policy and Immigrants’ Homeownership in Brunei 39
The Us Dilemma: Inflation Rate and The Us Economic Growth 40
Technological Advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Concerns for Muslim
Societies and Governments 41
Ownership concentration and technological innovation: International evidence from
developing markets 42
Effectiveness of Risk Management Practices in an Islamic Bank of Brunei Darussalam 43
Big Data Intelligence in Public and Financial Institutions: An Estimation of Ethical and
Regulatory Issues 44
viii
WELCOMING NOTES
WELCOMING NOTE FROM THE ACTING VICE-CHANCELLOR OF UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI

BRUNEI
On behalf of the ICBMIS Conference Committee I would like to extend to you a warm
welcome to the ICBMIS2019. We are delighted to have you here to participate and
share your ideas in this conference.
Brunei is a tiny, independent, oil-rich country wedged between the states of

Sarawak and Sabah on the Malaysian side (northeast) of the island of Borneo in
Southeast Asia. According to the International Monetary Fund, Brunei is considered
as Emerging Markets and Developing Economies at GDP per capita of USD27,871.
Brunei Darussalam’s economy has been adjusting to the lower oil and gas (O&G) prices since 2014,
with the authorities undertaking wide-ranging reforms. The reforms aim to ensure long-term fiscal
sustainability and intergenerational equity, and to foster economic diversification. Growth is
expected to pick up in 2019, with the outlook improving further over the medium term, driven by
expansion in the O&G sector and large investment projects. Nonetheless, lower-than-expected O&G
prices or production would reduce fiscal revenues and exports, with significant spillovers to the non-
O&G sector.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank our keynote speakers: Dr Victor Pavon-Villayor,
Executive President of Oxford Competition Econmics and Mr. Talal Ikhwan, Associate Director of
Digital and Innovation, KPMG, members of the Conference Committees, as well as all our delegates
and our presenting authors for working with us to produce what will be an inspiring debate.
My heartiest congratulations to the UTB School of Business in partnership with Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia (UTHM) and Oxford Intellect, United Kingdom for organising this event. My heartfelt
thanks also goes to all the sponsors for your generous support in ensuring that ICBMIS2019 would be
a remarkable success.
Welcome to the Abode of Peace!
Awang Haji Ady Syarmin bin Haji Md Taib

Acting Vice-Chancellor
ix
WARM REMARKS FROM THE CHAIRPERSON OF ICBMIS2019
On behalf of the organising committee, it is a great pleasure to welcome you all

to the 1st International Conference on Business, Management and Information
Systems (ICBMIS2019) organised and hosted by UTB School of Business, Universiti
Teknologi Brunei(UTB) along with our partners Oxford Intellect, United Kingdom
and Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
This year the theme of the conference is “Sustainable Innovation in Business,

Management and Information Systems” that blends well with Brunei Darussalam’s
vision 2035. As part of one of the fastest-growing university in Brunei, UTB School
of Business takes the opportunity to contribute its share in achieving the vision by providing a
platform to bring in academic researchers, practitioners and graduate students to share their findings
in various areas of business such as Management, Marketing, Economics, Finance, Information Systems
and Entrepreneurship.
In addition to the advancements in the core areas in the field of business, there is a need for extensive
research to be done to understand the impact of emerging technologies such as Blockchain, Fintech,
Business Analytics, etc., and how these technologies alter the way we do business. This is vital for
Brunei Darussalam to diversify the economy and to be less reliant on oil and gas sector. Evident from
the papers that will be presented, we are confident that in the next two days this conference will
capture the emerging trends in the above fields and take it forward to the next level of impacting
society.
I take this opportunity to express my utmost gratitude to all staff members of UTB School of Business,
organising and technical committee members, our partners, and sponsors for their contribution to
making this event a remarkable success.
Dr Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen

Chairperson ICBMIS2019 and Dean
UTB School of Business
x
ICBMIS2019 CONFERENCE PROGRAM
Tuesday 12 November 2019 (Pre Conference Day) - Tutorial Sessions

Day 1: Wednesday 13 November 2019
8:00 – 8:45 Morning registration
8:45 – 9:30 Opening ceremony
Keynote address 1
By
9:30 – 10:30
Dr. Victor Pavon-Villamayor
Title: Regulation, Economic Efficiency & Growth
10:30 – 11:00 Refreshment break
Invited Speech
By
11:00 – 12:00
Dr Minh Son Dao
Title: Internet of Assistants
12:00 – 1:15 Prayer and Lunch break
1:15 – 2:30 Parallel sessions 1, 2 and 3
2.30 – 3:45 Parallel sessions 1, 2 and 3/Afternoon registration
3:45 – 4.00 Afternoon Tea
Informal Networking Dinner – Tarindak D’Seni
7:00 pm
Photo Session
Day 2: Thursday 14 November 2019
8:00 – 8:30 Morning Registration
Keynote address 2
By
8:30 – 9:30 Mr Talal Ikhwan
Title: Small nations, Big ambitions. How can Brunei leverage
on innovation and entrepreneurship?
Panel Discussion
9:30 – 10:30 Topic: Developing Innovation Ecosystem for Business
Growth
10:30 – 11:00 Morning Tea
12:00 – 1:00 Prayer and Lunch break
2:30 – 3:00 Closing Ceremony and Best Paper Awards
3:30 – 3.45 Afternoon Tea
xi
PARALLEL SESSIONS SESSION SCHEDULE
1st International Conference on Business, Management and

Information Systems (ICBMIS 2019), 13-14 November
Day 1: Parallel Sessions Session Schedule
Venue: Universiti Teknologi Brunei
Day 1: Parallel Session 1
Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Time: 1:15 pm– 2:30 pm
Session 1.2: Economics
Venue: LT 1
Session Chair: Associate Professor Dr Larry Su
Paper Id Title Authors

Maimunah Ali, Siti
ICBMIS2019- The US Dilemma: The effect of inflation on US
Aisyah Mustafa and
017 economic growth
Ganama Moustapha.
ICBMIS2019- Measurement of Social Capital and Welfare for Gazi Nurul Islam, Nik
008 Sustainable Development of Malaysia Abdullah and Syed Agil.
Muhammad Aminu
Dynamic Long-Run Effect of Trade Openness
ICBMIS2019- Haruna, Salihu Liman
on Economic Growth Among Selected West
049 Mairafi and Ibrahim
African Countries: A Panel Data Approach
Muhammed Dahiru.
ICBMIS2019- Concept And Application of Sovereign Sukuk Hilda Lutfiani.
030 in State Budget Deficit in Indonesia
xii
Time: 1:15 pm– 2:30 pm
Session 1.3: Management
Venue: LT 2
Session Chair: Professor Dr Abdu Ja’afaru Bambale
Paper ID Title Authors

The Mediating Effect of Intrapreneurship on Abdu Ja’afaru Bambale
ICBMIS2019-015 Psychological Ownership and Teachers’ In- and Mukhtar Aliyu
Role Performance Daneji.
Ownership concentration and Technological
Safiullah Khan and
ICBMIS2019-000 Innovation: International Evidence from
Faisal Rizwan.
Developing Markets
The Impact of Organizational Learning on Chin Han Wuen, Fahmi
ICBMIS2019-007 SME Performance: Mediating Effect of Ibrahim and Kabiru
Competitive Strategy Jinjiri Ringim.
Muhammad Amiruddin
Reviewing the Islamic Principles used in Haji Ismail and Hajah
ICBMIS2019-054
Performance Appraisal Method Nur Annisa Haji
Sarbini.

Time: 1:15 pm– 2:30 pm
Session 1.1: Accounting
Venue: LT 3
Session Chair: Associate Professor Dr. Ibrahim Danjuma

Ibrahim Danjuma,
Ownership Structure and Going Concern
Mohammed Abba, Saleh
ICBMIS2019-038 Evaluation of Listed Oil and Gas Companies
Bahamman Muhammad
in Nigeria
and Ahmed Adamu.
Nuramalina Hj Md
Ethical Behaviour of Professional Sufian, Ulaganathan
ICBMIS2019-022
Accountants in Brunei Subramanian, Hjh Noor
Maya Hj Salleh
Does the Audit Committee Diversity
Ali Kabara, Dewi
Influence Discretionary Disclosure
ICBMIS2019-064 Abdullah and Aniza
Reporting? A dynamic Panel Analysis on
Othman.
Developing Countries
Hairul Azalan Annuar
ICBMIS2019-062 Taxes And Firm Value: Reduce to Induce and Salihu Ibrahim
Aramide.
xiii

Time: 2.30 pm – 3:45 pm
Session 2.1: Information Systems
Venue: LT 1
Session Chair: Dr. Minh-Son Dao

Mohamad Firdaus
A Survey on Pipeline Condition Prediction Mohammed Basheer and
ICBMIS2019-065
Method Mohamed Saleem Haja
Nazmudeen.
A digital framework for CSR donations Asmali Badarudin, Thien

ICBMIS2019-048 using blockchain for victims of strong wind Wan Au and Somnuk
disasters in Brunei Darussalam Phon-Amnuaisuk.
User Satisfaction of Electronic Human
Resource Management System: A Hazimah Suhip and Fahmi
ICBMIS2019-063
Qualitative Evidences of Government Ibrahim.
Employee Management Systems (GEMS)
Big Data Intelligence in Financial and
Shahid Anjum and
ICBMIS2019-066 Government Institutions: Ethical Issues and
Aziman Munawar.
Regulatory Guidelines

Time: 2.30 pm – 3:45 pm
Session 2.2: Finance/Islamic Finance
Venue: LT 2
Session Chair: Dr. Shaista Wasiuzzaman,

Shaista Wasiuzzaman,
Gender Differences in Equity
Hemalatha Pannir
ICBMIS2019-041 Crowdfunding Investment: A Study of
Chelvam and Lee Lee
Investors in Malaysia
Chong.
Access to finance and innovation project Safiullah Khan and
ICBMIS2019-006
failures Imran Alvi.
Shamsuddeen
Debt Financing and Firm Value: A Panel Muhammad Ahmad,
ICBMIS2019-044
Data Analysis Rosni Bakar and Md
Aminul Islam.
Board Diversity, Corporate Risk-Taking

Vasanthan
ICBMIS2019-010 And Corporate Diversification Activities:
Subramaniam.
Empirical Evidence From Malaysia
xiv
Time: 2.30 pm – 3:45 pm
Session 2.3: Entrepreneurship
Venue: LT 3
Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Kamariah Ismail
Impact of Innovation on SMEs performance in Azimah Haji Mat Salleh

ICBMIS2019-009
F&B Manufacturing Industry in Brunei and Kamariah Ismail.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Startup Norzahidah Buhasri and

ICBMIS2019-011
Intention among Students Kamariah Ismail.
Umi Kartini Rashid,
Rusnifaezah Musa,
Juzaimi Nasuredin, Wan
Fauziah Wan Yusoff,
The Determinants of Nascent Venture
ICBMIS2019-028 Noor Aslinda Abu
Performance in in Malaysia
Seman, Nur Aniza
Quantaniah Jusoh,
Noreina Kepal and Siti
Sarah Omar
Entrepreneurial intention among Secondary Idris Adamu Alhaji and

ICBMIS2019-004 School Students: A proposed conceptual Farrah Merlinda
framework Muharram.
xv

Time: 4.00 pm – 5:15 pm
Venue: LT 1
Session Chair: Dr. Magiswary Dorasamy

Muhammad Adil Iqbal,
Technological Advancements of the Fourth
Dr Shaikh Abdul Mabud
ICBMIS2019-025 Industrial Revolution: Concerns for Muslim
and Dr. Azmi
Societies and Governments
Mohamad.
Sarimah Awang, Gazi
The Mediating Effect of Housing Policy and
ICBMIS2019-008 Nurul Islam and
Immigrants’ Homeownership in Brunei
Barjoyai Bardai.
Exploring The Community Participation: A Siti Aisah Janaji and

ICBMIS2019-042
Case Study of Homestays in Brunei. Fahmi Ibrahim.

Time: 4.00 pm – 5:15 pm
Venue: LT 2
Session Chair: Dr Siti Sarah Omar

Azlin Abd Jamil,
Systematic University Intellectual Property
Kamariah Ismail, Amran
ICBMIS2019-043 Management for a Better Technology
Rasli and Aslan Amat
Commercialization
Senin.
A Case Study Approach to Measure the Adilah Hisa and

ICBMIS2019-052
Effectiveness of Youth Leadership Program Fadzliwati Mohiddin.
Learning from the chamelleons: Rahab, Adhi Adhi Iman

ICBMIS2019-040 Understanding determinant of Adaptive Sulaiman, Suci Indriati
behaviors on Batik SMEs and Sudjono.
xvi
Day-2: Thursday 14 November 2019

Time: 9:30 am – 10:15 am
Session 1.1: Finance/Islamic Finance
Venue: LT 1
Session Chair: Dr. Maryam Abdu
Investor Risk And Returns in the Nigerian

ICBMIS2019-033 Maryam Abdu
Capital Market
Proprietary Day Traders and Their Saw Imm Song and Ei

ICBMIS2019-058
Performance at Bursa Malaysia Yet Chu.
A Survey of i-Fintech Literature and Kazi Md Tarique and

ICBMIS2019-059
Identifying Future Research Direction Mezbah Uddin Ahmed.
Corporate Governance and Performance of

Musa Muhammad,
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A
ICBMIS2019-002 Ukairo Mabel and
Catalyst for Entrepreneurship Growth and
Buhari Muhammed.
Sustainability in Nigeria
Effectiveness of Risk Management Practices Shahid Anjum and Kin

ICBMIS2019-071
in Islamic Bank of Brunei Darussalam Lai Tung
xvii
Time: 9:30 am – 10:15 am
Session 1.2: Marketing
Venue: LT 2
Session Chair: Dr. Kabiru Maitama Kura

Re-examining the Role of Service Quality Amal Maziah Muhd
ICBMIS2019-034 Dimensions and Trust in Predicting Customer Sawara and Kabiru
Satisfaction in Brunei Postal Services Maitama Kura.
Nurfadhlina Mohamad
Exploring Visitor Satisfaction on Impacts of
ICBMIS2019-061 Zainin and Fahmi
Technology: The Case of Brunei Museums
Ibrahim.
An Inter-correlational Study on Socio-
demographic Profile, Customer Satisfaction Anthony Greg Alonzo
ICBMIS2019-055
and Customer Loyalty in a Fast Food and Marlon Raquel.
Restaurant in the Philippines
Theresa Binti Kula ,
Consumers' Motivation towards Purchase Kamariah Binti Ismail -
ICBMIS2019-027
Intention on Online Product in Brunei and Salihu Aramide
Ibrahim

Time: 9:30 am – 10:15 am
Session 1.3: Information Systems
Venue: LT 3
Session Chair: Dr. Minh-Son Dao

Applied Protection Motivation in Safeguarding
Hanizah Mohideen and
ICBMIS2019-046 Lessons Learned During Information Technology
Magiswary Dorasamy.
(IT) Disaster Recovery
Rodziah Atan,
Mohammad Nasrollah
Service Level Agreement in Malaysian Rozami, Razali Yaakob,
ICBMIS2019-057
Public Hospital: Human Factors Influence
Noraini Che Pa and
Fahmi Ibrahim.
Patterns Of Internet Usage Among Filipino
ICBMIS2019-012 Students In A Private College In Taguig City, Marlon Raquel.
Metro Manila
An Explanatory Study of Users’ Satisfaction: Nurhidayatul Aqilah

Evidence from Brunei Healthcare Gulihana and Fahmi
ICBMIS2019-053
Information and Management System (Bru-
HIMS) Ibrahim.
xviii
Time: 1:00 pm – 2:15 pm
Venue: LT 1
Session Chair: Dr Siti Sarah Omar

Assessing the Implementation of Employees Muazam Ali, Siti Sarah
ICBMIS2019-045 Training: Cases of Service-Based Omar and Ahmad
Organizations in Malaysia Kaseri Ramin.
The Factors influencing the Career Choice of
University Students: A Descriptive Analysis Mohd Izzuddin Mohd
ICBMIS2019-047
of Pure Science and Social Science Students Jamil.
in Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Why Feedback Matters in Academics
ICBMIS2019-029 Suleiman Babagana.
Performance Management

Time: 1:10 pm – 2:15 pm
Session 1.4: Online Paper Submission
Venue: LT 2
Session Chair: Dr. Heru Susanto

Lease-Debt Substitutability Or
Aliya Musa-Mubi and
ICBMIS2019-050 Complementarity: Evidence From Listed
Muazu S. Badara.
Non-Financial Firms In Nigeria
Empirical Impact Evaluation of Sales
ICBMIS2019-021 Promotional Mix on Sachet-Water Product Julius Adima Osaremen
Distribution on Enterprise Performance
xix
ABSTRACTS FOR ORAL PRESENTATION
Abstract ID: ICBMIS-2019-062

Taxes and Firm Values: Reduce to Induce
Hairul Azlan Annuar1, Ibrahim Aramide Salihu2
1 Accounting Department, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International
Islamic University Malaysia, P. O. Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

hazalan@iium.edu.my
2 Accounting Department, School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, BE 1410,
Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
ibrahim.salihu@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Traditionally, a reduction in corporate income tax rate is expected to increase the values of the
firms. However, in a weak corporate governance environment, the presence of managerial
diversion may preclude the positive outcome of such reduction. The present study thus
investigates the impact of the reduction in the corporate tax rate on the values of the listed firms
on Bursa Malaysia. The study adopts the models in the seminal work of Desai, Dyck and
Zingales (2007). Arellano and Bover’s system GMM estimator is used in analysing the
dynamic panel data of 1814 firm-year level observations over a period of 14 years (1999-2013).
The results of this analysis show a negative significant relationship between the measure of the
tax burden and q-value (a measure of firm value). Thus, the reduction in the corporate tax rate
has impacted the firm value positively. Further, using a self-constructed corporate governance
index, the interaction effect of corporate governance on the established relationship is
investigated. The result shows no significant interaction effect on the relationship. It is
therefore concluded that the gradual reduction in corporate tax rate has not only increased the
firm value, but it has also discouraged any form of managerial diversion.
Keywords: corporate tax rate; corporate governance, Tobin q; GMM estimator; Malaysia.
1
Service Level Agreement in Malaysian Public Hospital: Human

Factors Influence
Mohammad Nasrollah Rozami1, Rodziah Atan1,2, Razali Yaakob3, Noraini Che Pa2 and
Fahmi Ibrahim4
1Department of Software Engineering and Information System, Faculty of Computer
Science and Information Technology, UPM, Malaysia
2Laboratory of Halal Policy and Management, Halal Products Research Institute, UPM,
Malaysia
1muhdnasrullah91@gm
ail.com
1,2rodziah@upm.edu
.my
2norainip@upm.edu.
my
3Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and
Information Technology, UPM, Malaysia
3razaliy@upm.edu.my
4UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
4fahmi.ibrahim@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Service Level Agreement (SLA) is an important contract between service provider and
service recipient where services are expected to be delivered and received accordingly. SLA
should include all information regarding the services provided along with their expected
performance measures. Usually, the common parameter to define the quality of service
(QoS) of these services are defined the time delivery, response time, execution time, service
availability, access time, throughput, network bandwidth, service latency, or server uptime
or down- time. Cumulatively at the end of the service chain, SLA should able to tell the
services' performance, quality, faults and other non-compliance. If the quality of service
does not meet the SLA agreement terms, certain level of penalties can legally be imposed.
Normally the SLA violation occurred due to technical problem with either the software or
the hardware. Despite the technical quality measures, human factors and its attributes are
also important to achieve quality in providing services and to comply with SLA. This paper
describes the significance and meaningfulness of relationships between negated human
factors, namely, user resistance, lack of skill/knowledge, reluctant to share information and
shortage of IT staff, with the SLA compliance. It also described in this paper how the
relationship model should be used to increase SLA compliance as agreed in public
hospitals.
Keywords: Human Factor, Service Level Agreement, Hospital Information System, Service
Efficiency
2
Access to finance and innovation project failures: Developing markets

Safi Ullah Khan1, Imran Alvi2
1 Universiti Teknologi Brunei,
Email: safiullah.khan@utb.edu.bn
2
Oxford Intellect, United Kingdom
Email: ialvi224@gmail.com
Abstract
In this paper, we empirically examine whether financial constraints can have an impact on the
likelihood of abandoning or suspending an innovation project. Using multi-country data drawn
from the World Bank’s Enterprise innovation survey data sets for 9 developing markets, we
document that financial constraints significantly increases the likelihood of abandoning
innovation projects at the execution stage. These results still carry through after accounting for
the endogeneity concerns.
Keywords: corporate innovation, project failures, financial constraints
3
Impact of Organizational Learning on SME Performance: Mediating

Effect of Competitive Strategy
Chin Han Wuen1, Fahmi Ibrahim2 , Kabiru Jinjiri Ringim3
1 School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
hanwuen@gmail.com
fahmi.ibrahim@utb.edu.bn
3 ABU Business School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
kabirujinjiri@gmail.com
Abstract
Organizational learning and competitive strategy in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have
been one of the most significant topics for discussion in academia. To further contribute to the
discussion, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of organizational
learning on SME performance with competitive strategy as the mediating effect. From the
population of 3,477 SMEs operating in service industry, 275 valid responses were collected
from the questionnaire survey. The collected data was processed using Smart Partial Least
Square (SMART PLS) – Structural Equation Modeling software to analyze the measurement
model in terms of the reliability and validity of data, followed by structural model assessment,
in which, the path coefficient for hypothesis testing was conducted. The results revealed that
there are significant impact of organizational learning and competitive strategy on SME
performance. Also, the competitive strategy has a significant mediating effect on organizational
learning and SME performance in Brunei Darussalam. The conclusion of the findings suggests
the organizational learning activities should compliment with the requirement of competitive
strategy. In addition, the paper made recommendation for future research. Furthermore, this
paper extends the knowledge of organizational learning by combining competitive strategy in
SME performance with the use of SMART PLS analysis.
Keywords: Organizational Learning, Competitive Strategy, SMEs, Strategic Management,

Contingency Theory
4
Impact of Innovation on SMEs performance in F&B Manufacturing

and Service Industry in Brunei
Azimah Haji Mat Salleh, *Kamariah Binti Ismail
1 Universiti Teknologi Brunei,Jalan Tungku Link,Gadong BE1410 Bandar
Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
Zyymah9@gmail.com
2 Universiti Teknologi Brunei,Jalan Tungku Link,Gadong BE1410 Bandar
Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

kamariah.ismail@utb.edu.bn (corresponding author)
Abstract
Global Innovation Index (GII) in Brunei is ranked at 67th with a score of 32.8. This reflects the
innovation in SMEs as well as in Food and beverage (F& B) in Brunei is still low and needs
improvement. Therefore, its crucial for SMEs in food and beverage manufacturing and service
industries to involve in innovation as it could help in increasing SMEs productivity level.
Hence, the objective of this paper is first to study the effect of types innovation (four types of
innovation: product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organisation) on
performance to F& B Industry. A total number of 565 samples will be collected from SMEs in
food and beverage manufacturing and service sector (including restaurants, catering services,
food and drink stalls), in Brunei Darussalam through questionnaire. Data will be analyzed using
hierarchical regression analysis and content analysis. The result of this study is expected SMEs
should be implementing innovation strategies within their organization to improve its
productivity level. Increase collaboration with university, government and industry would
increase the productivity.
Keywords: SMEs performance, Innovation and productivity in Brunei.
5
A Study on Factors Influencing the Startup Intention among Students

Norzahidah Buhasri, * Kamariah Ismail
1Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan,
Brunei Darussalam
zaizulzalani@gmail.com
2
Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Bandar Seri
Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
kamariah.ismail@utb.edu.bn (corresponding author)
Abstract
Startups play a crucial role in creating employment and stimulate economic growth in Brunei
Darussalam. As graduate unemployment is alarming in the country, startup can be one of the
career options after they complete their study. The objective of this study is to examine the
factors influencing the startup intention of higher institution students and to investigate the
government role for the development of startup in Brunei. A sample of 373 students of various
majors from six higher institutions (public and private) through online survey and interview to
investigate the government role in influencing startup intention of students. The data from
respondents will be analysed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 22. A structural
equation modelling (SEM) to test hypotheses followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
to examine the validity of measurement model with the use of AMOS version 22. The result
is expected to develop appropriate actions which can be recommended and explored to support
and encourage their intentions for startup through formulation of relevant policies. The policies
that are formulated and implemented effectively can encourage the development and growth
of startups in the country.
Keywords: Students startup intention, government role, university students
6
Why Feedback Matters in Academics’ Performance Management?

Suleiman Abubakar Babagana
School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia,
06010 UUM, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
sbabagana@fptb.edu.ng
Abstract
Performance Management (PM) is a trending essential ingredient in human resource

management (HRM) which is aimed at transforming the public sector. More than ever before,
it is nowadays used to support organizations accomplish their goals and mission. The concept
is now widely practiced in developed countries and gradually becoming popular in
developing countries. There is substantial evidence of empirical studies that focused attention
on the effectiveness of performance management systems (PMS). Moreover, notwithstanding
the stability of the system, the absence of feedback has been identified as one of the
drawbacks associated with the system. Therefore, this paper reviews extant literature and
proposes a theoretical framework at the first instance that will support a study to investigate
the impact of feedback and how its absence affects performance management of academic staff
of public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Nigeria.
Keywords: Performance Management, Academic Staff, Feedback, Effectiveness
7
Measurement of Social Capital and Welfare for Sustainable

Development of Malaysia
Gazi Md Nurul Islam1, Nik Rosnah Wan Abdullah2, Syed Omar Syed Agil3
1 Associate Professor, Graduate School of Business, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Jalan
Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
gazi@unirazak.edu.my; gazinurul236@gmail.com
2 Professor, Tun Abdul Razak School of Government, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Jalan
Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

nrosnah@unirazak.edu.my
3 Professor, Kolej UNITI, UNITI Asia Sdn Bhd , Lot 1692-26, Jalan Dato’ Hj. Sidin, Kg.
Changkat, Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

syedagil1960@gmail.com
Abstract
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is widely used system for national income accounting.
However, it fails to measure the real “economic” state and real “wealth” of nations. The rising
popularity of sustainable development as a policy goal require appropriate and effective
indicators to guide development toward a sustainable and desirable future. The Malaysian
government has launched the New Economic Model (NEM) with the strategic goal of
transforming Malaysia to a full-fledged high income, inclusive and sustainable country by the
year 2020. While the NEM has incorporated sustainable development indicators, it lacks a set
of economic and social indicators. The paper investigates the important factors for measuring
sustainable development in Malaysia. Data for the study obtained from a survey of different
stakeholders of Peninsular Malaysia using structured questionnaires. The results of the study
indicate that social, cultural, spiritual and governance factors are important for measuring
development changes of Malaysia. The results suggest that these indicators are important for
policy makers to incorporate in order to achieve the goal for sustainable development of
Malaysia.
Keywords: Gross Domestic Product; Social capital, Sustainable Economic Welfare.
8
Consumers’ Motivation towards Purchase Intention on Online

Product in Brunei
Theresa Binti Kula*, Kamariah Binti Ismail , Salihu Aramide Ibrahim
UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong
BE1410, Brunei Darusalam*
tassytracy@gmail.com*
UTB School of Business, Faculty of Economics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan
Tungku Link Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
kamariah.ismail@utb.edu.bn
UTB School of Business, Faculty of Accounting, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan
Tungku Link Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
ibrahim.salihu@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
This study proposes a conceptual framework for determining the effect of consumers’
motivation towards purchase intention on online product in Brunei. Nowadays, purchasing
goods via internet is growing rapidly in the whole world and it gives confidence to researchers
to explore what factors affect consumer see at the time of purchase goods via online. However,
this study argues that the driver of the motivation on consumer is yet to be fully identified due
to lack of studies that investigate the specific influence as a separate phenomenon and has not
been tested in Brunei yet. Therefore, this study utilizes the Technology Acceptance Model with
Theory of Reason Action to develop the understanding of consumers’ motivation and intention
to purchase online product. The aim for this study is to explore the consumers’ motivation in
Brunei such as privacy, website features or designs, online shopping convenience and
advertisement. This is to examine whether they are related to purchase intention on online
product. The data will be updated by mix methods, where the expected sample will be in small
size with expectations of 150 participants in Brunei in order to test the effect variables. This
study provides further insight for future researchers who will benefit to study consumers’
motivation in the e-commerce and may assist business managers’ advance their decision-
making quality in developing markets.
Keywords: Consumers’ motivation, purchase intention and technology acceptance model
9
Investor Risk and Returns in the Nigerian Capital Market

Maryam Abdu*
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences,
Kaduna State University, Kaduna – Nigeria*
maryam.abdu@kasu.edu.ng*
Abstract
The issue of investment is important in the field of finance. Investors take active part in the
stock market activities with the intention of obtaining higher returns. With the challenges faced
in the Nigerian economic environment, the level of investments has been fluctuating. High
levels of risk are associated with high returns, and low risks with low returns for investments.
Studies conducted on capital market risk and return looked at variables such as standard
deviation, beta, and investor behaviour. This study looks at market share price and dividends
on the consumer sector of the Nigerian Stock Exchange which have not been done by previous
researches. The study is quantitative and panel data, secondary data was used extracted from
the annual report and financial statements of the companies. A multiple regression was
formulated and Stata was used to analyse the data. The results showed that market share price
and dividends are not having an effect on the performance of the capital market. It was
concluded that companies should patronize the Nigerian capital market so that activities in the
market can improve and be more attractive for the investing public.
Keywords: Dividend, investor, market capitalisation, market share price
10
Re-examining the Role of Service Quality Dimensions and Trust in

Predicting Customer Satisfaction in Brunei Postal Services
Amal Maziah Muhd Sawara1, Kabiru Maitama Kura2
1 UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
Email: maziah251@gmail.com
2 UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
Email: kabiru.kura@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Postal Services face many challenges or issues including competition, privatization, technology
and substitution from electronic and digital services. From previous studies have examined the
relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, perceived value, convenience and
trust. These studies adopted the SERQUAL model to examine relationship between service
quality, perceived value, convenience, trust and customer satisfaction towards Postal Service
in Brunei Darussalam. Also, to measure the service quality in postal services which may be
five dimensions. This study has the proposed to measure the service quality by applying three
dimensions: tangibles, reliability and empathy; these dimensions to examine the relationship
of service quality, perceived value, convenience, trust and customer satisfaction among postal
services customers in Brunei Darussalam. One hundred and fifty-four respondents have
responded to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses in
order to test all the relationship between the variables in the model. The results show that all
independent variables have positive relationship with customer satisfaction as expected.
Keywords: Customer satisfaction, service quality, perceived value, convenience, trust,

postal services.
11
Gender Differences in Equity Crowdfunding Investment: A Study of

Investors in Malaysia
Shaista Wasiuzzaman1, Hemalatha Pannir Chelvam2 , Chong Lee Lee3

1 Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jln Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei
dr.shaista@utb.edu.bn
2 Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
herishnavibala95@gmail.com
3 Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
llchong@mmu.edu.my
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the possibilities of gender differences in equity
crowdfunding decision making and investment. Possible gender differences are investigate for
the three sets of values - cognitive values (financial, functional and informational) and affective
values (emotional, social, aesthetic and novelty). Descriptive analysis and mean differences
between males and females on factors influencing investors’ decision in equity crowdfunding
are analyzed. The findings can provide better understanding of the choice of investing in equity
crowdfunding between males and females.
Keywords: Equity crowdfunding, gender differences, Malaysia
12
Exploring The Community Participation: A Case Study of Homestays

in Brunei
Siti Aisah Janaji1, Fahmi Ibrahim2
School of Business Universiti Teknologi Brunei
aisyahjanaji@gmail.com1
fahmi.ibrahim@utb.edu.bn2
Abstract
This paper aims to discover the community participation level of homestays in Brunei. While
recognizing the socio-economic benefits and revenue streams that homestays gain from not
only providing accommodation facilities, the wide range of cultural activities and exposures
provided by the homestays will strengthen the preservation of Brunei’s cultural heritage. A
case study approach and qualitative research method were conducted in this study. The
fieldwork was conducted in three villages, Kampong Wasan, Kampong Ayer and Kampong
Bang Nukat. A total of three homestay operators were interviewed. Based on findings, it
demonstrates that all three homestay operators have their objective in running the homestay
which is not solely for profit-purpose but to enhance eco-tourism and community their
respective village. The key findings reveal that community participation in all three homestays
is perceived to be a means of empowering individuals in contributing to on-going socio-
economic development of their respective village. Significantly, homestays in Brunei may not
only provide accommodation but selling local products can be another revenue stream for them.
Furthermore, homestays in Brunei can be extended as training and development centres. This
study provides insights on how homestays have contributed to socio-economic of local
communities. This study contributes knowledge and practical suggestions to potential and new
ventures in tourism, homestay operators and researchers.
Keywords: Homestays, Community-based tourism, Community participation
13
Debt Financing and Firm Value: A Panel Data Analysis
Shamsuddeen Muhammad Ahmad1, 2, a, Rosni Bakar1, b, MD Aminul Islam1, c
1 School of Business Innovation & Technopreneurship, University Malaysia, Perlis
2 Department of Banking and Finance, Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria.
a Corresponding Author; shamsudandago@yahoo.com
b rosni@unimap.edu.my
c
amin@unimap.edu.my
Abstract
The study examines the effect of debt financing on firm value of listed Nigerian companies
using panel data analysis for the period 2008 to 2017. Correlational research design is used for
the study. The population the study consist of 300 firm-year observation .The data for this study
were sourced from the annual accounts and reports of the companies within the period of the
study. Using EV/EBITDA ratio as a proxy for firm value, the study found an insignificant
effect of the short-term debt to total assets ratio on firm value. But, the ratio of long-term debt
to total assets, total debt to total assets and total debt to total equity have positive effect on firm
value. While board size and firm growth have no significant effect on firm value, firm size was
found to have negative effect on firm value. Thus, the study concluded that capital structure
influence the firm value of listed firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that to reduce
information asymmetry and moral hazard managers of firms ought to be mindful of the
significance of transparency measures, which can improve their affairs with financial
institutions in the business environment.
Keywords: Debt financing, Firm Value, Nigeria
14
Assessing the Implementation of Employees Training: Cases of

Service-Based Organizations in Malaysia
Muazam Ali1, Siti Sarah Omar2, Umi Kartini Rashid3, Ahmad Kaseri Ramin4
1 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
muazamali28@gmail.com
sarah@uthm.edu.my
kartini@uthm.edu.my
kaseri@uthm.edu.my
Abstract
Employee training program increases the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the worker. It
further creates efficiency, competitive advantages value creation among the employees. The
main focus of this study identifies the training and development consequences. This study is
qualitative in nature. The population of the study is four service base organization of Malaysia
located in a different part of the country. A purposive sample was used and data was collected
through interviews. The findings of the study revealed that the success of a training program
depends on comprehensive program design, coaching skills, and program manageability that
improve the performance of employees. Knowledge and skills on the work done will only be
enhanced through the implementation of relevant and effective training programs. The findings
also revealed that training enabled an organization to identify its weaknesses and capabilities
to reduce the gap between existing conditions and expected work as set by the organization. In
future studies, the employees' perceptions of other human resources practices in other different
organization will be used to get more refine outcomes.
Keywords: Non-computerized training, Case studies, Malaysia
15
Applied Protection Motivation in Safeguarding Lessons Learned

During Information Technology (IT) Disaster Recovery
Hanizah Hj. Mohideen1, Magiswary Dorasamy2
1Ph.D Student in Multimedia University (MMU) Malaysia
1021202996@student.mmu.edu.my
2 Senior Lecturer and Head of IT Management Department in Multimedia University (MMU)
magiswary.dorasamy@mmu.edu.my
Abstract
The ultimate objective of any Information Technology (IT) service provider is to deliver
uninterrupted service to customers. However, in the event of a disaster, a cause for
organisations failing to meet this objective is the absence of knowledge that can guide response
initiatives, namely, key lessons learned from prior disasters. In this research, the DR process
and associated activities in client organisation were studied using an Action Research (AR)
approach. The interview and focus group discussion was concluded that limited attention is
given for the knowledge that can prevent future repetitive error and safeguard time and cost. In
this study, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) by Maddux and Rogers (1983) were used as
theoretical framework to guide the simplification of the DR lesson-learned process. To
safeguard lessons learned or valuable information requires a human to embrace the importance
of “self-efficacy” and “response efficacy”. PMT is one of the well-known theory in research
sphere of health psychology. However, interestingly since 2008 PMT has been started to be
applied in IT, Information Systems (IS) and Computer research areas. As per Scopus database,
a total of 86 articles were published from 2008 until September 2019. This clearly indicates
that PMT is one of the appealing theory and actively being used in IT, IS and Computer
research. The simplified lesson-learned DR process were tested over four simulations and
accepted by client organisations because they demonstrate the capability to minimise errors,
which will indirectly lead to time and cost savings. The simplified process enabled the client
organisations to learn from past experience and improve future responses in their DR activities.
Keywords: Information Technology, Information Systems, Disaster Recovery, Protection

Motivation Theory
16
A Digital Framework for CSR Donations using Blockchain for

Disaster Victims
Asmali Badarudin1, Thien Wan Au2, Somnuk Phon-Amnuaisuk3
1 School of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link,
salamdamit@gmail.com

twan.au@utb.edu.bn

somnuk.phonamnuaisuk@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
This paper proposes the adoption of consortium blockchain technologies as a more efficient
and effective means of transferring funds from corporate donors as part of corporate social
responsibility to victims of natural disaster. The main benefit envisaged is that post-disaster
disruptions to normal lives can be minimized or normal lives can resume better than the current
situation as donation mechanism relies largely on manual and centralized processes. Using
blockchain, corporations can donate fund anytime and this is especially useful for small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) where they can donate in small amounts in a consistent manner to
a fund setup for a disaster relief and recovery that disaster victim can use whenever required.
The use case for this blockchain is corporate donors donating funds to victims of strong wind
disaster in Brunei Darussalam. Through smart contracts of Ethereum, corporations incorporate
details of donations and set out other requirements. A Brunei Government’s agency use of set
of criteria can be used as part of the smart contract terms and conditions. These smart contracts
can be part of decentralized applications that can be deployed to the blockchain network using
cryptographic mechanisms to ensure security and integrity of the transactions. By this way,
more companies are motivated to participate in donations while ensuring that victims can
receive much needed assistance in the shortest time possible without solely relying on
centralized bureaucratic processes.
Keywords: Disaster Relief and Recovery, Consortium Ethereum Blockchain , CSR Donation
and Fundraising
17
Dynamic Long-Run of Trade Openness on Economic Growth Among
Selected West African Countries: A Panel Data Approach
Muhammad Aminu Haruna1, Salihu Liman Mairafi2, Ibrahim Muhammed Dahiru3
1
Department of Banking and Finance, School of Management Studies,
Kano State Polytechnic, Nigeria 1
aharunamuhammad@gmail.com 1
2 Department of Banking and Finance, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria 2
allimaco@gmail.com 2
3 Department of Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of Arts, Management and
Social Sciences, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria 3

ibrahimmuhddahiru@fugashua.edu.ng 3
Abstract
The study aims to examine the dynamic long-run effect of trade openness in stimulating
economic growth among selected West African Countries (WACs) namely: Nigeria, Ghana,
Niger, and the Benin Republic for the period 1986 - 2016. The unit root test establishes mix
integration I(0) and I(1). The Cointegration test base on Pedroni confirm the variables are
cointegrated. Pooled Mean Group (PMG) employs after a Hausman test of model selection.
The finding reveals that trade openness and foreign direct investment influence growth among
the selected economies and statistically significant. Besides, openness to trade and FDI found
to be long-run driver to growth and the need for government to reform their institutions to
liberalize the foreign sector so that all barriers to trade are address and to attract investors as
well as to improve trade partnership with the rest of the world and the benefits from the positive
spillover of both FDI and trade openness into WACs. The inflation rate does not stimulate
economic growth in WACs due to the instability in the macroeconomic environment. Whereas
the exchange rate was found to be negative and statistically significant, this indicates a negative
relationship to GDP.
Keywords: Trade Openness, Economic Growth, West African Countries, PMG model
18
Corporate Governance and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized

Enterprises: A Catalyst for Entrepreneurship Growth and
Sustainability in Nigeria
Muhammad Musa Tsagem1, Ukairo Mabel U.2, Buhari Mohammed3
¹Department of Business Education, Federal College of Education (FCE), Katsina
Email: musatsagem@gmail.com
²Department of Business Education, Federal College of Education (FCE), Katsina
ukairomabel@yahoo.com
³Department of Business Education, Federal College of Education (FCE), Katsina
mbuhaririba20@gmil.com
Abstract
This paper reports the outcome of an empirical study on the relationship between corporate
governance and firm performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Nigeria. SMEs
are the backbone of developing economies but the sector is found to be underperforming in
Nigeria due to poor management and inadequate funding which results in the increase of
unemployment and slow economic growth. The study employed a survey research design using
balanced panel data. The data was obtained from a sample of 55 Nigerian SMEs in Katsina
State for the period 2012 - 2016. The outcome of the study revealed significant positive
association between CEO tenure and family ownership with SMEs’ performance and
significant negative association between CEO duality and women on board with SMEs’
performance. This indicates that family-owned SMEs and SMEs with longer-tenure CEOs are
associated with increase in firm performance, whereas SMEs with CEO duality and women
directors are associated with decrease in firm performance. The findings suggest that SMEs’
owners should infuse a good corporate governance structure for increased performance. The
study contributes to the body of knowledge theoretically by providing a factual effect of
corporate governance on SMEs’ performance and adds to the existing literature on the
relationship between corporate governance and SMEs’ performance. Practically, the study will
benefit SMEs’ owners/managers, government, management consultants, and financial
institutions in policies and decision making relating to governance of SMEs. However, the
study is limited to a few corporate governance mechanisms and a small sample of Nigerian
SMEs for a period of five years.
Keywords: Corporate Governance Mechanisms; SMEs Profitability; Economic Growth,

Sustainability and Industrial Development; Nigeria.
19
A Case Study Approach to Measure the Effectiveness of Youth

Leadership Program
Adilah Hisa1, Fadzliwati Mohiddin2
adilah_hisa@outlook.com
fadzliwati.mohiddin@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Youth leadership programs can bring youth towards leadership, by means of equipping them
with leadership skills. It is significant for these programs to be effective in order to promote
better skills enhancement and knowledge development among youth. This paper examines a
case study approach on a youth leadership program in Brunei, particularly the Students
Leadership & Development Programme (SLDP) of Universiti Teknologi Brunei, with the
objective to assess its effectiveness on the basis of the first two levels of Kirkpatrick’s model,
which is the reaction and learning aspects of the program. A quantitative method of approach
in the form of questionnaire is used to gather the data and descriptive statistics were performed
for data analysis of this study. Also, simple linear regression analysis was used to test the
hypotheses of the study and it was found that both the aspects of reaction and learning have
significant impact on effectiveness of youth leadership program. The findings of the study also
suggested that the program was effective, in such a way that both reaction and learning aspects
of the program revealed positive results of evaluation. The outcomes further provide a great
value to the stakeholders, particularly the program educators and designers as well as adding
contributions towards the literature related to youth leadership program and the measure of its
effectiveness in Brunei.
Keywords: Youth Leadership Program, Youth Leadership, Leadership, Brunei.
20
Reviewing the Islamic Principles used in Performance Appraisal

Method
Amiruddin Ismail
UBD School of Business and Economics
Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410
17H8718@ubd.edu.bn
Hajah Nur Annisa Haji Sarbini

Faculty of Islamic Economics and Finance,
Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali (UNISSA)
Brunei Darussalam
nurannisa.sarbini@unissa.edu.bn
Pang Li Li
UBD School of Business and Economics,
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410
Lili.pang@ubd.edu.bn
Abstract
The theory behind performance appraisal is good, but in practice, it suffers from imperfect
implementation due to managerial errors when carrying out their responsibility. This led to
issues commonly observed in the literature such as rating bias, insufficient feedback and
unattainable criteria among the employees. In order to reduce these problems, this paper
attempts to look at the role of context in term of religion, on how it can act as a positive
reinforcement to the PA system. This paper then explored the role of Islamic principles such
as al-‘Adl and Taqwa upon stages in the PA system. This theoretical paper posits that these
Islamic principles which are based from Al-Quran and Al-Hadith can act as ethical guidelines
that guide the PA implementation by managers, using the perspectives of Ethical theory,
thereby reducing the risk of issues aforementioned. This, in turn, shed the light on the potential
influence of Islamic principles towards PA system among Muslim countries.
Keywords: performance appraisal, Islamic management, context
21
A Survey of i-Fintech Literature and Identifying Future Research

Direction
Kazi Md. Tarique1, Mezbah Uddin Ahmed2
1 University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
Email: kazi.tarique@ulab.edu.bd
2 International Shari’ah Research Academy for Islamic Finance (ISRA), Malaysia
Email: mezbah@isra.my
Abstract
This chapter analyses existing literature on Islamic fintech (i-fintech) to identify the research
gaps and to propose future research direction on this topic. To achieve this objective, the
authors used several keywords and synonyms for the literature search in Google Scholar. The
keywords used are “Islamic fintech”, “fintech and Islamic banking”, “fintech and blockchain”,
and “fintech and crowdfunding”. After a two-stage screening process, total 30 articles are
selected. The research conducted for this chapter finds that similar to the i-fintech industry,
academic research on i-fintech is also in a nascent stage. The research also finds that the current
researchers are mostly qualitative nature. The research identifies a great scope of
quantitative/empirical research in this field.
Keywords: Fintech, Islamic finance, technology, blockchain.
22
Does the Audit Committee Diversity Influence Discretionary

Disclosure? A dynamic Panel Analysis on Developing Countries
*Ali Shariff Kabara1, Dewi Fariha Abdullah2 , Aniza Othman3
1 Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor,
Malaysia alishariff080@gmail.com
Malaysia
dewifariha@utm.my
Malaysia
anizaothman@utm.my
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of audit committee diversity on the extent of discretionary
corporate governance (CG) disclosure. Specifically, we study the influence of audit committee
independence, the financial expertise of the audit committee member, and the audit committee
size on the extent of discretionary CG disclosure. We are using a quantitative approach and
sample of 71 Nigerian listed firms over seven years (2011–2017) in conducting a dynamic
panel GMM analysis of the effect of audit committee diversity on the extent of discretionary
CG disclosure. Our analyses are robust as we adopted a system GMM approach as an advanced
and superior estimation to overcome unobserved heterogeneity and possible endogeneity of the
explanatory variables. In the overall model, the audit committee is found to be positively and
significantly determine discretionary disclosure, whereas audit committee independence has
no significant effect on discretionary disclosure, but board size and financial expertise of audit
committee members are the other important determinants of discretionary disclosure,
respectively. The study provides a clear practical implication for business firms, policymakers,
future research, and the entire stakeholders by indicating empirically that corporations with a
diversified audit committee are more expected to be diligent and apparent about their financial
practices, and thereby providing useful information on voluntary discretionary CG disclosure.
This study is among the few that provide empirical evidence using sophisticated dynamic panel
model in recent times. Nevertheless, this study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt
at explicitly measuring the impact of audit committee diversity and discretionary disclosure in
corporate governance studies in the developing economy like Nigeria.
Keywords: The Audit committee financial expertise, Audit committee independence, audit
committee size, Discretionary disclosure, Generalized method of moments (GMM).
23
Mediating Effect of Intrapreneurship on Psychological Ownership

and Teachers’ In-Role Performance
Aliyu Mukhtar Daneji 1, Abdu Ja’afaru Bambale2
1, 2
Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship,
Faculty of Management, Bayero University, Kano – Nigeria
Email: amdaneji.bus@buk.edu.ng ; ajbambale.bus@buk.edu.ng
Abstract
This paper investigated the mediating effect of intrapreneurship on the relationship between
psychological ownership and teachers’ in-role performance in private secondary schools in
Kano, Nigeria. The data for the study was collected through the use of questionnaire. A total
of 338 teachers from selected private secondary schools in Kano metropolis were used for the
study. The study used Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 22 and PLS-SEM
Version 3 for data screening and path structuring modelling, respectively. The study reveals
positive significant effect of psychological ownership on teachers’ in-role performance.
Importantly, the study findings provided empirical evidence that intrapreneurship mediates the
relationship between organisational-based psychological ownership and teachers’ role
performance. The study recommends that the in-role performance of teachers can be enhanced
when the teachers have the feeling of psychological ownership of their respective schools.
Similarly, if teachers have psychological ownership for their respective schools, they would be
motivated to be more innovative which consequently could improve performance of their basic
responsibilities in the school. Direction for future study was also discussed.
Keywords: Intrapreneurship, Psychological ownership, & Employee performance, In-role

performance.
24
Ownership Structure and Going Concern Evaluation of Listed Oil and

Gas Companies in Nigeria
Ibrahim, Danjuma1, Mohammed, Abba2-, Bahamman, Saleh Muhammad3, Adamu D.
Ahmed4
1Department of Management Technology, School of Management and Information
Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
Email: ibro.danjuma@mautech.edu.ng
2Department of Accountancy, School of Management and Information Technology,

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
Email: abbagombe@gmail.com
3Department of Accounting, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,
Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
Email: sbahamman@gmail.com
4Department of Accounting, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,
Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
Email: adamud.ahmed@gmail.com
Abstract
Going concern is an important assumption that underlies the preparation of financial

statements. Based on this assumption, financial statements are prepared to reflect the ability of
a company to continue operation in perpetuity. In spite of the importance of oil and gas industry
to the growth and development of the Nigerian economy, research on Ownership Structure in
Nigeria is skewed to other industries of the Nigerian economy especially financial sector with
little emphasis to the oil and gas companies. The study is set out to examine the impact of
Ownership Structure on Going Concern Evaluation of listed Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria,
over the period 2011-2017. The research covers Eight (8) out of the twelve (12) listed
companies in the industry. The study made use of secondary data generated from Annual
Reports and Accounts of the companies and the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact book. The data
were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, correlation and OLS regression analysis using
STATA12 package. The study revealed that Directors ownership of shares and institutional
ownership of shares significantly influences Going Concern ability of listed oil and gas
companies while Chief Executive Ownership of shares shows an inverse insignificant impact
on Going Concern Evaluation. The study concluded that Ownership Structure play an effective
role on companies’ ability to remain as going concern. It is therefore, suggested that companies
in Nigerian oil and gas industry should encourage directors’ ownership and Institutional
Ownership of shares as its motivate and increase ease of contact to resources, thereby improve
corporate performance.
Keywords: ownership structure, going concern evaluation, listed, oil and gas, Nigeria
25
Lease-Debt Substitutability or Complementarity: Evidence from

Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria
Aliya, Musa Mubi1, Muazu S Badara2
1Department of Accounting, ABU Business School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Email: aliyam.mubi@yahoo.com
2Department of Accounting, ABU Business School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Email: muazubadara@yahoo.com
Abstract
Despite numerous benefits obtainable with the use of finance leases by listed corporate firms,
Micro, Small and Medium scale Enterprises (MSMEs) dominate the patronage of lease finance
in Nigeria. A recession however, occurred in 2016 with the attendant effect of limiting the
availability and access to finance by listed corporate firms in Nigeria. In view of the fact that a
pecking order is usually adhered to in corporate financing, the paper sought to ex-amine the
nature of relationship between leases and debt (whether they are employed as substitutes or
complements) on account of the recent economic recession in Nigeria. A correlation-
explanatory research design was thus, adopted to determine the moderating effect of economic
recession on the relationship between leverage (conventional debt) and finance leases. Based
on the pecking order theory, the variables- growth and information asymmetry, were
incorporated into the model of the study in order to further enhance understanding of the nature
of relationship between debt and finance leases. A sample of 20 listed non-financial firms in
Nigeria was studied covering the period, 2010-2017.Two models- one, accounting for
independent effects of the study variables and the other, accounting for moderating effects of
economic recession, were constructed to test formulated hypotheses. Generalized Least Square
(GLS) Regression for Model 1 and Fixed Effects Regression for Model 2 were run with the aid
of statistical software, STATA. Findings from Model 1 results suggest that the independent
variables- leverage and economic recession, have a positive and statistically significant effect
on finance leases. Model 2 results show that economic recession significantly moderates the
effect of leverage as well as growth on finance leases. The paper therefore, concludes on a
conditional complementary relationship between leases and debt in the context of listed non-
financial firms in Nigeria. Recommendations are that lessors’ capacity be enhanced to meet
increasing demand for lease finance in the aftermath of a recession. Listed non-financial firms
in Nigeria are also recommended to sustain leases of assets due to potentials for cash
conservation that could aid growth objectives and low financing costs obtainable, in
comparison to conventional debt.
Keywords: Finance Lease, Leverage, Growth, Information Asymmetry, Economic Recession,

Pecking Order Theory, Moderating Effects, Listed Non-Financial Firms, Nigeria
26
Empirical Impact Evaluation of Sales Promotional Mix on Sachet-

Water Product Distribution on Enterprise Performance: Survey of
selected Sarchet-water outfits in Niger State
Adima Julius Osaremen

Department of Business Administration and Management,
Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
juliusadimaosas@yahoo.com
Abstract
Extant studies bear, no significant empirical research effort as to the potency of sales
promotional mix on enterprise performance and its profitability. The marketing communication
mix element has become essential players in the life of any business be it small size, medium
or large scale; Sales promotional mix has been perceived to have a link with the contraction
and expansion of start-up and new venture creations, though not yet empirically supported. It
is the anchor of this study to investigate the direct impact of sales promotional mix on enterprise
performance and its profitability, using a well-developed measurement and structural models
to explore this inherent literature gap. Using a scientific approach, adopt primary and secondary
data, formulate hypotheses, literature review, and adopted questionnaire, 208 sample size,
stratified random sampling, PLS-SEM analytical methods. The study revealed that Advertising
sales promotion, Personal selling sales promotion, Pricing sales promotion. and Publicity sales
are positively, and significantly related to enterprise performance and profitability. And the
researcher recommends that the five sales promotional mix be adopted in the national strategic
policy of the nation to secure and sustain individual and national economic advantage in a
competitive production enterprise environment.
Keywords: Sales promotional-mix, Enterprise-performance, Profitability, and Sachet-Water.
27
Entrepreneurial intention among Secondary School Students:

A proposed conceptual framework
Idris Adamu Alhaji1, Farrah Merlinda Muharram2
1Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
alhajiidris05@gmail.com1
2Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
merlinda@utm.my2
Abstract
Entrepreneurship has become a steering engine for economic development and a bridged
between unemployment, underdevelopment, and poverty. Entrepreneurship has received a lot
of attention among the developed economy. Various literature have intensively discussed on
the entrepreneurial intention among tertiary intuitions but with less attention on the
entrepreneurial intention among secondary school students as the basis for learning that link
between secondary school and tertiary institutions. This paper reviewed the entrepreneurial
intention among secondary school students and the moderating role of access to financing.
Access to financing is considered the fundamental sources needed by any entrepreneur/s to
assist them in the running and operations of their businesses. This study proposed a conceptual
framework with the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Prior
literature is developed based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as the most used
model to determine entrepreneurial intention. This study also seeks to identify the moderating
role of access to financing in the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial
intention. The conceptual framework was developed to harmonize the understanding of four
main variables supported by the prior literature. This study is very important to highlight the
stakeholders such as government, community, private organizations, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and entrepreneurs on the factors that are essential to influence
entrepreneurial intention among students and accessibility of funds is very crucial factor that
moderate students' entrepreneurial intentions especially for those who are in their secondary
education years.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship education, previous entrepreneurial

experience, perceived desirability, access to financing, entrepreneurial intention.
28
A Qualitative Evidences of User Satisfaction on Government

Employee Management Systems
Hazimah Suhip1, Fahmi Ibrahim2
1
UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei
Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
hazimahsuhip@gmail.com
2
fahmi.ibrahim@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Human resource management (HRM) activities were always carried out manually and paper
intensive using the traditional method system. Presently, HRM are facing challenges that
includes competitive work environment, allocating growing demands, provide service quality,
growing workforce, globalisation of economy and more. With the availability of information
communication and technology (ICT), HRM has transformed into an inevitable power of
technology that transform HRM into Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM)
system. Brunei Darussalam without exception is also practicing E-HRM in the Government
sector called Government Employee Management System (GEMS). This paper investigates the
user satisfaction of E-HRM on Brunei Darussalam Government Employee Management
System (GEMS) by investigating the current status of GEMS in Brunei Darussalam, based on
the Government employees experience. The user satisfaction was studied through seven
elements, the implementation of E-HRM, training, user-friendliness, infrastructure, data
security, technical support and user support. Qualitative interviews were conducted on Human
Resource (HR) officers from the four departments of public organization and one representative
from the Infotech division, which is the division that implement and maintain GEMS. Findings
revealed that the GEMS do not give satisfactory system. The employees are only satisfied with
the data security and technical support. While they are not satisfied on the other elements
(training, user-friendliness, infrastructure) causing it to be lacking in user support that leads to
unsatisfactory system. This paper has developed a theoretical framework as a recommendation
to integrate relevant elements, together with the influence of age, gender and years of service
that impact the user satisfaction.
Keywords: User Satisfaction, Employee Management Systems, Human resource management
29
The Factors influencing the Career Choice of University Students: A

Descriptive Analysis of Pure Science and Social Science Students in
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Mohammad Izzuddin Mohammad Jamil
PhD Candidate
Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Darussalam
19h0677@ubd.edu.bn
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify the underlying factors influencing the career choice
of university students in Brunei. Specifically, the students that are being sampled are those
currently undertaking Bachelor’s Degree courses at Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Career
choice is proven to be a phenomenon among individuals, notably for students who are about
to finish their studies where they have to make arguably one of the most important
decisions in their lives on where to work in order to make a living. However, the underlying
factors as to what motivates them to pursue their desired career path needs to be assessed.
By using the Three-Dimensional Framework, this paper attempts to undertake a
descriptive analysis on the factors influencing career choice of university students, by
collecting a data sample of 306 students from six faculties in Universiti Brunei Darussalam.
Based on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, it has been found that intrinsic factors are the strongest
factor influencing career choice, with an average score of 3.71, while interpersonal factors
hold the lowest average score of 2.85. It can be concluded that university students are
motivated by intrinsic factors when making decisions on their career choice. It is also found
that Pure Science students place emphasis on their skills, abilities and work experiences in
determining career choice while the answers provided by Social Sciences students are
more varied.
Keywords: Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Interpersonal, Career Choice, University Students, Brunei
30
An Exploratory Study on Internet and Social Media Usage Among

Filipino College Students in A Private College in Taguig City,
Philippines
Marlon B. Raquel
Taguig City University
Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
E-mail: tfvcdbaa@gmail.com
Abstract
Internet use in the Philippines rose to 55.5% in 2016 from 2% in 2000. The objective of this
study is to determine the patterns of internet usage among Filipino college students in a private
college in Taguig City, Philippines. The study employed an exploratory-descriptive research
design using a survey instrument. A total of 234 students were randomly selected. The results
showed that all respondents use the internet with majority of them accessing it using WiFi and
mobile data. About 72.7% of respondents use their mobile phones in using the internet and are
frequent users. The average number of hours per visit is three hours. Facebook is the most
frequently visited website. College students’ top general internet activity is using social
networking site. The least internet activity among students is selling online. The top social
networking activity is sending a group chat message. College students access the internet
largely for social networking purposes than for creativity, production and commercial activity.
There are more males than females who have sent and received obscene photos or videos,
accessed websites with adult contents, and experienced riding in vehicles where either the
drivers or the respondents were using mobile phones.
Keywords: Internet usage, social networking, social media, college students, Philippines
31
An Inter-correlational Study on Socio-demographic Profile, Customer

Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in a Fast Food Restaurant
in the Philippines
Marlon B. Raquel1, Anthony Greg F. Alonzo2
1The Fisher Valley College, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
1 Graduate School, Taguig City University, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
marlon.raquel@upd.edu.ph
2 The Fisher Valley College, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
2 Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
agfalonzo@gmail.com
Abstract
The entry of new players in the fast food industry in the Philippines, both local and foreign
companies, has paved for a more competitive business environment. Thus, the need to attend
to the satisfaction of their customers has become their main objective. The main purpose of this
study is to assess the relationships among socio-demographic characteristics, customer
satisfaction, and customer loyalty in a fast food restaurant. Survey questionnaires were
distributed to respondents who dined in at the fast food store during the data gathering.
Weighted means, standard deviations, verbal interpretations and rankings were determined to
measure the level of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Spearman’s rho correlation
coefficients were identified to assess the relationships. Respondents were satisfied in terms of
food quality, service quality and price but were dissatisfied with the physical environment.
Customer loyalty in terms of first-in-mind, word-of-mouth and repurchase intentions were
high. Customer satisfaction indicators are significantly correlated with customer loyalty
indicators at p-value .01. Food quality, service quality, physical environment, and
price/perceived value for money are significantly correlated with repurchase intention, word-
of-mouth, and first-in-mind – indicators of customer loyalty. Significant positive relationship
between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is established. Relationships between
socio-demographic variables and customer satisfaction and loyalty vary. Fast food restaurants
have to ensure that customers’ needs and expectations are met to increase their levels of
satisfaction and customer loyalty. Recommendations, particularly on maintaining cleanliness
of the physical environment inside and outside of the store at all times, and suggestions for
future research are provided.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Fast Food Restaurant
32
Board Diversity, Corporate Risk-Taking and Corporate

Diversification Activities: Empirical Evidence From Malaysia
Vasanthan Subramaniam1
1 HELP University Malaysia
Faculty of Business, Economic and Accounting

vasuuum@gmail.com
Abstract
The study examines the impact of board diversity on corporate risk-taking and corporate
diversification activities of firms in Malaysia. The data used in the study is consists of 712
firms listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia for a five-years (5) period from 2010 to
2014. The results show that the diverse board, with the presence of female directors as board
members in firm, has reduced firms’ corporate risk-taking, especially on earnings volatility and
debt obligation risks. The similar influence was also recorded for liquidity risk, however, the
relationship was insignificant. These results are consistent with many of previous studies that
have supported the argument that the female directors have risk-averse behaviour and this
reduces their risk-taking in the context of corporate firms. The risk-intolerance behaviour of
female directors was also represented through the negative relationship between board diversity
and geographical diversification activities and the positive relationship between board diversity
and industrial diversification activities. Female directors in the diverse board prefer business
venture activities that are less-risky like industrial diversification activities that are usually
conducted domestically. Conversely, geographical diversification activities were not preferred
as firms need to expose to the high-risk foreign market environment when they venture their
businesses across these locations. Theories such as agency and asymmetric information theory,
resources dependence theory and human capital theory are in relation to the evidence found in
the study, of which it connects the link between gender of board members and tolerance of risk-
taking and preference of types of business activities. This study contributes towards an
understanding of types of corporate risk-taking preferred by the female directors in the diverse
board of Malaysian firms. Practically, it has also highlighted the diversification activities
conducted by the board members, with the presence of female directors.
Keywords: Board Diversity; Corporate Risk-Taking; Corporate Diversification; Malaysia.
33
Ethical Behaviour of Professional Accountants in Brunei

Nuramalina Md Sufian1, Ulaganathan Subramanian2, Noor Maya Salleh3
1, 2, 3
nuramalina.sufian@outlook.com; nath.subra@utb.edu.bn; noormaya.salleh@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Ethical behaviour is deemed to be important in today’s environment as corruption scandals
persist to exist. Financial malpractices have directed research attention to increase professional
accountants ethicality. This paper tries to analyze the ethical behavior of Bruneian Accounting
professionals in Small and Medium Enterprises. High-profile accounting failures have led to
the introduction of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants produced by International
Ethics Standards Boards for Accountants as they serve public interest by setting-high quality
ethical standards. This paper additionally examines the ethical issues that occur in
organizations and individuals specifically. The paper then tries to analyze how different factors
and demographic variables affect the moral attitudes of Bruneian accountants. Moreover this
research paper explains how education and training on ethics might improve ethical sensitivity
and awareness of ethical issues. Questionnaires were distributed to various small and medium
enterprises in Brunei. As there are no previous papers addressing the ethicality of Bruneian
individuals in organizations, this paper tries to accomplish how Bruneian accountants think
ethically and their awareness of the importance of ethical behavior in businesses. We used
averaging method to calculate the data and we found that there are variations among gender,
age group and working experience in ethical behavior.
34
A Review on Pipeline Condition Prediction Methods

Firdaus. Basheer1, Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen2
1 Universiti Teknologi Brunei
P20192001@student.utb.edu.bn
mohamed.saleem@utb.edu.bn
Abstract
Predictive maintenance is considered as cost-efficient and acts as an enabler for businesses to

be more competitive. Maintenance of pipelines can be complex and costly especially when it
is located underground or subsea. Based on the literature survey, many methods have been
developed to predict pipeline conditions. To date, however, none have focused on the economic
comparison of the various prediction methods. The paper reviews several common methods of
pipeline prediction in order to facilitate future assessment of the economic costs of each
method. These include Split System Approach, Artificial Neural Network, Reliability Analysis,
Monte Carlo Simulation, Standard Data Structure Approach, Bayesian Network, Fuzzy Logic
method and other probabilistic assessments that have produced promising results. The different
types of machine algorithms are compared in terms of accuracy. Artificial Neural Network is
seen as the most popular choice of methods and produced better accuracy compared to the rest
of the machine learning algorithm.
Keywords: pipeline reliability; Machine Learning Algorithm; Artificial Neural Network
35
An Explanatory Study of Users’ Satisfaction: Evidence from Brunei

Healthcare Information and Management System (Bru-HIMS)
Nurhidayatul Aqilah Gulihana1, Fahmi Ibrahim2
Brunei Darussalam
Abstract
In achieving one of Brunei Vision 2035 which is to be among the top 10 in the world for quality
of life, Ministry of Health (MOH) Brunei Darussalam has responded by implementing Bru-
HIMS that is equivalent to international best practices. Bru-HIMS has been implemented for
about six years since its first launched on 11 September 2012. Hence, this paper is to
investigate user’s satisfaction on Bru-HIMS specifically at RIPAS hospital and to study area
for improvement towards providing quality healthcare in Brunei. DeLone and McLean
Information System evaluation framework is applied to evaluate Bru-HIMS users satisfaction
based on the six variables; information quality, system quality, service quality, intention to use
and usage, perceived net benefits and user satisfaction. Questionnaires were administered to
obtain primary data from Bru-HIMS users at RIPAS hospital. This paper demonstrates positive
relationships between the six variables which indicate Bru-HIMS has positively influence Bru-
HIMS users.
Keywords: User’s Satisfaction, Healthcare Information and Management System, Information

System, Brunei Darussalam
36
Systematic University Intellectual Property Exploitation for a Better

Technology Commercialization
Azlin Abd Jamil1, Kamariah Ismail2, Amran Md Rasli3, Aslan Amat Senin4
1 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
azlinjamil@utm.my
m-maria@utm.my
3
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
m-amran@utm.my
aslan@utm.my
Abstract
Intellectual Property (IP) acquisition by local universities in Malaysia has become even more
important after the gazette of the Malaysian Intellectual Property Corporation Act, 2002 (Act
617) enactment, however, but its commercial success rate is yet to be commended. Despite the
huge government investments in the R&D sector, return-on-investment is still vague. Focusing
to improve the IP acquisition system employed by universities in Malaysia and to serve as a
reference model of an IP exploitation framework, the study will (1) assess the barriers or
challenges held with-in the process; (2) suggest suitable IP exploitation enablers or strategic
initiatives; and (3) recommend improvements to the existing system through a holistic IP
exploitation framework. To achieve this goal two-layer of Delphi semi-structured interviews
were conducted with experienced Researchers and managers from five prominent Research
Universities (RUs) in Malaysia who were competent in the process of IP acquisition and
exploitation, together with industrial funders and collaborators who have vast experience in the
full cycle of IP commercialization process with the five RUs. This study does not subject to
transform any existing IP policies that have been established, albeit may cause future
transformation, but will take into account weaknesses that caused the incompetence. In
conclusion the study found that there are six important elements that need to be highlighted
towards strengthening the universities IP exploitation and commercialization, which are the
establishment of IP pol-icy, the efficiency of IP management process, the competency of IP
managers, the acumen of IP commercialization, the attractiveness of IP incentives, and finally
the continuous IP funding support.
Keywords: Malaysia, university, intellectual property, acquisition, commercialization
37
The Determinants of Nascent Venture Performance in Malaysia
Umi Kartini Rashid1, Rusnifaezah Musa2, Juzaimi Nasuredin3, Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff4, Siti
Sarah Omar5, Noor Aslinda Abu Seman6, Nur Aniza Quantaniah Jusoh7, Noreina
Kepal@Nasir8
1,4,5,6,7,8
Department of Business Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
2
School of Business Management, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia,
06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.
3
Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Corresponding E-mail: kartini@uthm.edu.my
Abstract
The emergence phase in entrepreneurship found to be crucial for most nascent venture.
Determinants of nascent venture performance represent a central topic in the entrepreneurship
literature. Nascent venture performance is the ability of an emerging business to operate
profitably within three to five years of its establishment. Due to newness of the venture, the
failure and discontinued rate among Malaysian nascent venture is high. Addressing
associations among entrepreneurial strategies, resources acquisition, and nascent venture
performance, the objective of this study is to examine entrepreneurial bricolage (EB),
entrepreneurial orientation (EO), online social networking and government assistance
programs affect nascent venture performance. This study employs a quantitative approach of
research and survey method was used to conduct study on 165 Malay-owned nascent venture
in Malaysia and the data were analyzed using SmartPLS. The findings show that
entrepreneurial bricolage, EO (proactiveness) and government assistance programs are
positively and directly associated with nascent venture performance. This finding implies that
nascent ventures in Malaysia is risk-averse and laggards in innovation compared with other
developed country. On contrary, the finding also reveal that Malaysia nascent ventures were
not fully adopted and utilized the social media usage in doing business.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial bricolage, entrepreneurial orientation, online social networking,

government assistance program, nascent venture performance.
38
The Mediating Effect of Housing Policy and Immigrants’

Homeownership in Brunei
Sarimah Awang1, Gazi Nurul Islam2 , Bajoyai Bardai3
1
Graduate School of Business, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
sarimahawang@hotmail.com; klcp12903@unirazak.edu.my
2
Malaysia
gazi@unirazak.edu.my
3
Malaysia
barjoyai@unirazak.edu.my
Abstract
Generally, the housing policy in a country plays a significant role in influencing the behaviour
of immigrants towards homeownership. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mediating
effects of housing policy on the homeownership of immigrants in Brunei Darussalam. The
housing policy mediating effects determine the relationship between important particular socio
demographic factors and immigrants’ homeownership. In this study, the structuration theory
on housing policy was applied and the immigrants was taken into account to investigate the
intervening variable of owning houses. The data of this study was collected from a survey
conducted on the selected respondents who comprised of middle income immigrants from
Brunei’s third generation. This survey used structured questionnaires. Furthermore, multiple
regression analysis was conducted in this study. It was found from the analysis that the r-square
value of the model was 0.826, indicating that 82.6% of the relationships were captured in the
model. It was also found that affordability, education, wealth, citizenship status, loyalty, history
and housing policy are important variable in relation to the immigrants’ homeownership. With
this, it is indicated that housing policy is the important factor which influence the immigrants’
access to homeownership in Brunei Darussalam. It is recommended in this study that policy
makers consider these important factors for sustainable development of the national economy.
Keywords: Affordability, Brunei, Homeownership, Housing Policy, Immigrants
39
The Us Dilemma: Inflation Rate and The Us Economic Growth

Maimunah Ali1, Ganama Moustapha Gueme2, Siti Aisyah Mustafa3
1 Department of Business Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
maimunah@uthm.edu.my
2 Department of Business Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
ganamamoustapha@gmail.com
3
Department of Business Management, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 3
aisyahm@uthm.edu.my
Abstract
Economic growth is a considerable key factor of development of a nation’s economic

conditions, often proxied by the GDP growth. The US dilemma in confronting the trade war
with China would affect its inflation rate via higher tariff on imported goods into the US. Given
this current situation, an evaluation of knowing the nexus between inflation and US economic
growth is indeed timely. Hence, this study aims to examine the relationship between inflation
rate and the US economic growth. An ARDL model is employed to investigate their
relationship using data derived from several sources including the US Bureau of Labor
Statistics, World Band Development Indicators (WDI), and the Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) from the period spanning 1970 to 2017. The results found
that, in the long run, inflation has a significantly negative effect on the US economic growth.
On the other hand, the results of the short run analysis are estimated using the error correction
model indicated that inflation rate has a significant effect on the US economic growth.
Keywords: inflation, GDP growth, ARDL
40
Technological Advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution:

Concerns for Muslim Societies and Governments
Muhammad Adil Iqbal1, Shaikh Abdul Mabud2 and Azmi Mohamad3
1
Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Centre for Islamic Studies (SOASCIS), Universiti Brunei Darussalam
(UBD), Brunei Darussalam. m.adiliqbal@gmail.com & 18h0636@ubd.edu.bn
2
Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Centre for Islamic Studies (SOASCIS),Universiti Brunei Darussalam
(UBD), Brunei Darussalam and shaikh.mabud@ubd.edu.bn
3
Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Centre for Islamic Studies (SOASCIS),Universiti Brunei Darussalam
(UBD), Brunei Darussalam and azmi.mohamad@ubd.edu.bn
Abstract
Technological advancement brought by Fourth Industrial Revolution is a testimony of human

achievement and progress for individuals across the world at large. Advancements in artificial
intelligence, mobile internet, internet of things, cloud computing, next-generation wireless
networking technologies, virtual reality, augmented reality, block chain, edge computing,
machine learning, robotic process automation, 3D Printing and many more holds a great
promise of creating potential opportunities and access to knowledge. Emergence and
advancement of these technologies is brought by Fourth Industrial Revolution resulting from
fusion of physical, digital and biological spheres. These technological innovations may
revolutionize production processes and enhance living standards, particularly in Muslim
developing countries. However, as per opinions of various scholars, writers and world leaders,
this globalization of Fourth Industrial Revolution appears destined to bring many challenges,
transformations and instabilities for societies and governments all over the world including
Muslim governments and societies in its cultural, religious and political aspects of life. This
represents a major problematic issue for future of Muslim societies and governments and calls
for well planned preparation without comprising on basic tenants of Islam. Their remains a
need for academic and intellectual emphasis on this issue in order to enlighten Muslim masses
for better understanding of emerging technological change and Fourth Industrial Revolution in
a way for preparing them for a careful adaptation and participation in Fourth Industrial
Revolution. This descriptive and conceptual study is an academic and scholarly effort which
intends to highlight and analyze issues germinating from interaction of Muslim societies and
governments with emerging technological change, Fourth Industrial Revolution and ongoing
wave of globalization.
Keywords: Emerging Technologies, Muslim Societies, Muslim Government, Management,

Fourth Industrial Revolution, Artificial Intelligence, Mobile Internet, the Internet of Things,
Production Processes, Religious Authorities
41
Abstract ID: ICBMIS-2019- 005
Ownership concentration and technological innovation: International

evidence from developing markets
Safi Ullah Khan1, Faisal Rizwan2
Email: safiullah.khan@utb.edu.bn
2 International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan
Email: faisal.rizwan@iiu.edu.pk
Abstract
In this paper we examine how concentrated ownership structure affects product and process in-
novation in emerging markets. Empirical results indicate that, on average, concentrated owner-
ship impedes firm-level innovation in developing economies. Further analysis indicate that the
identity of the main shareholder have differential impact on the probability of introducing
product or process innovation. Specifically, concentrated ownership has negative impact on the
firm’s propensity to innovate only when the main shareholder is the private individual or a
family. However, this effect of concentrated ownership on innovation is positive if the largest
shareholder is either domestic or a foreign business group.
Keywords: corporate innovation, ownership structure, ownership concentration
42
Abstract ID: ICBMIS-2019- 071
Effectiveness of Risk Management Practices in an Islamic Bank of

Brunei Darussalam
Shahid Anjum1 Lai Tung Kin2

1 UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei
shah.anjum@utb.edu.bn / anjumsw@hotmail.com
2 UTB School of Business, Universiti Teknologi Brunei
Abstract
Understanding and managing risks allows one to control, and often prevent, the outcomes
associated with risks. Risk Management in Islamic Banking can be defined as a forecast of
viewed from the view point of awareness of various applicable aspects of different phases of
risk management framework i.e. establishing the context, identifying, assessing, prioritizing
and controlling threats through the use of mitigation measures. which are the financial risks
and applying Besides, it is also aims to look into the applications of necessary control measures
procedures in order to minimize the occurrences of the risk events. This study analyses the
impact of risk management in an Islamic Bank of Brunei Darussalam and to see if they are
these risks are being managed with the application of various risk management practices
efficiently throughout the bank. The goal is to identify and study the level of risk management
practices in the bank. To answer this question, a survey questionnaire has been distributed to
the staffs of the bank. A quantitative study has been conducted on primary data. The findings
of the study indicated that the bank is managing its risk management practices well and the
results are concluded as positive.
Keywords: Risk Management Practices, Islamic Banking, Shariah Banking Risk Management,
Brunei Darussalam
43
Big Data Intelligence in Public and Financial Institutions: An

Estimation of Ethical and Regulatory Issues
Shahid Anjum1 Aziman Munawar2

1 UTB School of Business
Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam

anjumsw@hotmail.com; shah.jum@utb.edu.bn
2 UTB School of Business,
Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam

aziman.hjmunawar@live.com
Abstract
Financial institutions can greatly benefit from its use, but the ethical risks associated to it
and indistinct regulatory stance have made some financial institutions to hesitate on its
implementation. The research has hypothesized that the adoption level of Big Data Intelligence
in an organization, whether public or financial, is linked to the awareness on the concerns
relating to its processes, measures taken to address related concerns and knowledge of various
areas of focus for relevant regulations. To support the hypothesis, data was collected from
various level of management and policymakers for both public as well as financial institutions
of Brunei Darussalam through the distribution of survey questionnaires. The analysis has
focused on using Cronbach Alpha, Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression techniques. The
results showed that the hypothesis was partly correct as the analysis has supported that the
knowledge on the concerns relating to processes in Big Data Intelligence and the understanding
of key areas of regulators’ relevance contribute towards the adoption level of Big Data
Intelligence in an organization.
Keywords: Big Data, Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence, Data Ethics, Organizational e-
Policy
44

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Programme and Book of Abstracts of the of

1st International Conference on Business, Management

Universiti Teknologi Brunei

13-14 November 2019, Brunei Darussalam

UTB School of Business

Copyright © 2019 the 1st International Conference on Business, Management and

To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior

The 1st International Conference on Business, Management and Information Systems

WELCOMING NOTE FROM THE ACTING VICE-CHANCELLOR OF UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI

Brunei is a tiny, independent, oil-rich country wedged between the states of

Welcome to the Abode of Peace!

Awang Haji Ady Syarmin bin Haji Md Taib

On behalf of the organising committee, it is a great pleasure to welcome you all

This year the theme of the conference is “Sustainable Innovation in Business,

Dr Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen

Tuesday 12 November 2019 (Pre Conference Day) - Tutorial Sessions

1st International Conference on Business, Management and

Day 1: Parallel Session 1

Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Paper Id Title Authors

Paper ID Title Authors

Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Paper Id Title Authors

Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Paper ID Title Authors

A digital framework for CSR donations Asmali Badarudin, Thien

Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Paper ID Title Authors

Board Diversity, Corporate Risk-Taking

Impact of Innovation on SMEs performance in Azimah Haji Mat Salleh

A Study on Factors Influencing the Startup Norzahidah Buhasri and

Entrepreneurial intention among Secondary Idris Adamu Alhaji and

Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Paper Id Title Authors

Exploring The Community Participation: A Siti Aisah Janaji and

Day-1: Wednesday 13 November 2019

Paper Id Title Authors

A Case Study Approach to Measure the Adilah Hisa and

Learning from the chamelleons: Rahab, Adhi Adhi Iman

Day-2: Thursday 14 November 2019

Paper Id Title Authors

Investor Risk And Returns in the Nigerian

Proprietary Day Traders and Their Saw Imm Song and Ei

A Survey of i-Fintech Literature and Kazi Md Tarique and

Corporate Governance and Performance of

Effectiveness of Risk Management Practices Shahid Anjum and Kin

Paper Id Title Authors

Day-2: Thursday 14 November 2019

Paper ID Title Authors

An Explanatory Study of Users’ Satisfaction: Nurhidayatul Aqilah

Paper Id Title Authors

Day-2: Thursday 14 November 2019

Paper ID Title Authors

Abstract ID: ICBMIS-2019-062

Islamic University Malaysia, P. O. Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Service Level Agreement in Malaysian Public Hospital: Human

Access to finance and innovation project failures: Developing markets

Keywords: corporate innovation, project failures, financial constraints

Impact of Organizational Learning on SME Performance: Mediating

Keywords: Organizational Learning, Competitive Strategy, SMEs, Strategic Management,

Impact of Innovation on SMEs performance in F&B Manufacturing

Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

Keywords: SMEs performance, Innovation and productivity in Brunei.