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KPNBDRR Chfhstkhytshnm: Enpdzbhdmbw TMC Hmmnutshnm HM Atmihmf
KPNBDRR Chfhstkhytshnm: Enpdzbhdmbw TMC Hmmnutshnm HM Atmihmf
chfhsTkhyTshnm
enpdzbhdmbw Tmc
hmmnuTshnm hm aTmihmf
Kpnbdrr
chfhsTkhyTshnm
enpdzbhdmbw Tmc
hmmnuTshnm hm aTmihmf
STaid nebnmsdmsr
SqWmrenqlWshnm neaWmjhmf ------------------------2
HmmnuWshnm Wmc dffbhdmbx --------------------------4
Sgd oqnbdrrchfhsWkhyWshnm WooqnWbg ----------------4
OgWrd 0 fl Rdquhbd Wmc oqnctbscdrhfm ------------4
OgWrd 1 fl Oqnbdrrcdrhfm ------------------------5
OgWrd 2 fl SqWmrenqlWshnm -----------------------7
OgWrd 3 fl HlokdldmsWshnm ----------------------7
BgWmfd lWmWfdldms----------------------------0/
RtbbdrreWbsnqr-----------------------------------00
Idx sWjdWvWxr -----------------------------------01
1
SpTmrenplTshnm neaTmihmf
Dudqrhmbd mdv bgWkkdmfdqrrtbg WrM15 Wmc EhcnqAWmjgWud rtbbdrretkkx dmsdqdc sgd
aWmjhmf lWqjdsWmc Wqd qdbnqchmf hmbqdWrhmf mtladqnetrdqr)hsgWradbnld bkdWqsgWs
sqWchshnmWkaWmjrvhkknmkx rtquhud sgd eWrs,oWbdc bgWmfd hm sgd “mWmbhWkrdquhbdrrdbsnq
hesgdx Wqd Wakd sn qdhmudmssgdhqrdquhbd Wmc oqnctbsn1dqhmfrWrvdkkWrsgdhqoqnbdrrdr-
Sgd rsWmcWqc oqnctbsonqsenkhn)aWrhb nmkhmd aWmjhmf WookhbWshnmrWmc Wm dwsdmrhud
aqWmbg mdsvnqjWqd mnsfnhmf sn WssqWbsxntmf)chfhsWkkx lhmcdc btrsnldqr-VgWs
sqtkx lWjdrW ch1dqdmbd hrW aqnWc)chfhsWkkx WuWhkWakd Wmc bnrs,dffbhdmsn1dqhmf sgWs
rdWlkdrrkx enkknvrsgd btrsnldqintqmdx)hmchuhctWkmddcrWmc bWrg,finv qdpthqdldmsr)
vghbg hrWbbdrrhakd WsWkkshldr-SghrWookhdrsn ansg qdsWhkWmc bnqonqWsd aWmjhmf-
?rW qdrtks)sgd mddc enqWbshnm vhsghm sgdrd Wenqdldmshnmdc WqdWrWmc sgd oqhnqhshyWshnm
Wmc WkknbWshnm neqdrntqbdrWmc atcfdsrghfgkhfgssgd bgWkkdmfhmf Wmc bnmsqWchbshmf
naidbshudradsvddm chfhsWkhyWshnm)bnrsqdctbshnm Wmc qdftkWsnqx hmhshWshudr-
Btkstqd 47
Rsqtbstqd 40
BXoXbhsx sn hmmnuXsd 33
Oqnbdrrcdrhfm 27
Snnkr 26
Sdbgmnknfx 18
Bnlodsdmbdr 13
Qnnl enqlXmndtuqd 8
/ 0/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/
0- 2-
Cd“mhshnm Hcdmsh“bXshnm
neuhrhnm nehcdXr
1- 3-
Hcdmsh“bXshnm BqdXshnm ne
neoqnakdlr sgd rnktshnm
LgTrd 1 fi Lpnbdrrcdrhfm
Sgd “qrsogWrd rodbh“drbtrsnldq)atrhmdrrWmc qdftkWsnqx qdpthqdldmsr)uWkhcWsdr
Wmc oqhnqhshydrsgd cdrhfm bgWqWbsdqhrshbrWmc rtbbdrreWbsnqrnesgd rdquhbd nqoqnctbs
’d1dbshudmdrr(-Sgd rdbnmc ogWrd cd“mdrsgd oqnbdrrcdrhfm hm sgd rdmrd neWm
nodqWshnmWkoqnctbshnm ’dffbhdmbx()Wkrn enkknvhmf sgd fqddm“dkc WooqnWbg)sgtrsgd lWhm
naidbshud qdkhdrnm oqnbdrrdffbhdmbx-
5
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aknbjbgWhm(rgntkc ad bnmrhcdqdc sn lWwhlhyd oqnbdrrdffbhdmbx-
fi Oqnctbs lXmXfdq fi Bnmsdms enqghfg Bnmbqdshyd oqnctbs rtffdrshnm . fi Ghfg kdudkbnmbdos fi MOO Rsddqhmf
kdudkbnmbdoshnm bqdXsd ghfg kdudkbnmbdos Bnllhssdd
fi MOO Rsddqhmf fi Chudqrd)rsqhbskx BSdrs)XrrdrrXmc oqhnqhshyd sgd oqnctbs hcdX)lXjd cdbhrhnm fi LXqjds drshlXshnmr
Bnllhssdd cd“mdc cdbhrhnm nm oqnctbs oqnonrXk fi Qhrj Xrrdrrldms
bqhsdqhX fi Cdbhrhnm
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fi Oqnctbs nvmdqr
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fi Bkhdms lXrsdqcXsX Sgd cXsX aXrhrhrX bqhshbXkrtbbdrreXbsnqhm sgd oqnbdrr fi HmsdqmXkcXsX rntqbdr fi :mXknf rntqbdr%d-f-ehkdr
fi LXqjds cXsX chfhsXkhyXshnm adbXtrd sgdhqptXkhsx gXrX chqdbs hloXbs nm fi BQL Xmc qdbnqcr(
fi SqXchmf cXsX sgd ptXkhsx nesgd rdquhbdrXmc oqnctbsr-Sgd cXsX ptXkhsx hr fi R:O fi Tmrsqtbstqdc cXsX
fi EhmXmbd cXsX oXqskx cdqhudc eqnl sgd enkknvhmf bgXqXbsdqhrshbr9 fi CXsXaXrdr
fi SqXmrXbshnm cXsX fi HmsdqoqdsXahkhsx Xmc hmsdkkhfhahkhsx fi DwsdqmXkcXsX rntqbdr
fi :bbntms cXsX fi BnlokdsdmdrrXmc bnmrhrsdmbx fi EXbdannj RdbnmcXqx rntqbdrXqd
fi FdnfqXoghbXkcXsX fi :ahkhsx sn lXmhotkXsd fi HmrsXfqXl cheehbtks sn hmsdfqXsd
fi CdlnfqXoghbXkcXsX fi QdkduXmbd Xmc XbbtqXbx fi Fnnfkd LXor ctd sn sgdhqptXkhsx-
fi BnlltmhbXshnm cXsX fi :bbdrrXmc rdbtqhsx dsb- fi Svhssdq Chfhshydc oqnbdrrdrXqd
fi MdvrcXsX fi Vhmf vhsgnts lnqd Xcn mns
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fi EXunqdc bnmsdms sgd ghfgdqhrsgd uXktd-Sgd naidbshud nesgd fXhmdc fi RntmcBkntc cXsX-EnqghrsnqhbXk
fi OhbstqdrcXsX hmenqlXshnm sgqntfg cXsX %jmnvkdcfd)hmrhfgsr)dsb-(hrsn fi Rjxod qdXrnmrgnvdudq)sgdqd
fi Uhcdn cXsX lXjd X qdXkhrshb oqdchbshnm nedudmsrXmc Xbshnmr%d-f- fi Nsgdqrntqbdr Xqd zcXsX sqdXrtqdr•hm
fi AdgXuhnqXkcXsX otqbgXrhmf adgXuhnq(-Oqdbhrd qdrtksrqdpthqd X rnkhc aXrhr- %uhX QDRS :OHr( sghrehdkc sgXs rgntkc
fi Bnmrtloshnm cXsX)d-f- ad sqXmrenqldc sn
fi Atxhmf ghrsnqx oqhlXqx rntqbdrhm
fi Trd nenmkhmd bnmsdms nqcdqsn ad trdc hm Xm
fi :cr OqhlXqx rntqbdrgXud sgd
ghfgdrs qdpthqdldms vhsg deehbhdms Xmc deedbshud
fi QdftkXsnqx cXsX vXx-
fi Qhrj cXsX qdrodbs sn cXsX ptXkhsx-
EnqdwsdqmXkcXsX rntqbdr)
hmenqlXshnm rgntkc ad
hmsdqmXkhydc Xronrrhakd-
6
LgTrd 2 fi SpTmrenplTshnm
Sgqntfgntssgd “qrssvn ogWrdrnesgd AdWqhmfOnhmsoqnbdrrchfhsWkhyWshnm WooqnWbg)
sgd rsWsd nesgd btqqdmsn1dqhmf gWraddm dmshqdkx dwbktcdc sn vnqjnm rdquhbd Wmc oqnbdrr
cdrhfm vhsgntsadhmf hmfitdmbdc nqkhlhsdc ax Wmx sdbgmhbWk)nqfWmhyWshnmWknqoqnbdctqWk
bnmrsqWhmsr-Fnvdudq)hm sgd sghqc ogWrd)sgd nudqWqbghmf sWqfdsWmc cdudknoldms
chqdbshnm ltrsad bnloWqdc sn sgd ?r,HrrhstWshnm sn dmWakd sgd okWmmhmf nerbnod Wmc
shldkhmd enqW ogWrdc sqWmrenqlWshnm-Fdmbd)sgd “qrsrsdo neogWrd 2 hrsgd cdsWhkdc
bnlohkWshnm nesgd ?r,Hroqnbdrrhm vnqjrgnorWmc rsqtbstqdc hmsdquhdvrWrvdkkWrWm
Wrrdrrldmsnesgd qdrodbshud odqenqlWmbd ldWrtqdr’enqdwWlokd)eqdptdmbhdr)bxbkd
shldr)ansskdmdbjr)dqqnqqWsdr(-
Sgd cdrhfm Wmc okWmmhmf nesgd hmchuhctWkfWo bknrtqdrfdmdqWkkx enkknvrsgd hcdW neWm
Wfhkd oqnidbsrdsto-Iddohmf sgd hloWbsodqroqhmsWsW lhmhltl WkknvrenqlWwhltl
fidwhahkhsx nudqsgd ctqWshnm nesgd sqWmrenqlWshnm oqnfqWl WrvdkkWrpthbjvhmrhm
qdWkhyWshnm ’KhmhlWkUhWakd Oqnctbsfl KUO(-
LgTrd 3 fi BloidldmsTshnm
OgWrd 3 bnmrhrsrnesgd ogWrdc sqWmrenqlWshnm Wmc bknrtqd nedudqx rhmfkd fWo hm nqcdq
sn qdWkhyd sgd sWqfdsrdquhbd nqoqnctbsWmc sgd tmcdqkxhmf sWqfdsoqnbdrr-Fdqd Wm Wfhkd
cdudknoldmsWooqnWbg hrtrdc ’rtbg Wrsgd rbqtl eqWldvnqj(Wmc sgd hlokdldmsWshnm
nesgd qdpthqdldmsrhroqhnqhshydc Wmc chrsqhatsdc nudqhmchuhctWkroqhmsr-
7
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BnmshmtntrbgWmfd lWmWfdldmsbnlokdldmsrsgd entqogWrdrneoqnbdrrchfhsWkhyWshnm
Wmc qdoqdrdmsrW odqlWmdmsvnqjrsqdWl Wknmf sgd hlokdldmsWshnm nedWbg hmchuhctWk
rsdo-HsbnloqhrdrbnlltmhbWshnm Wrodbsrsn bqdWsd sqWmroWqdmbx WrvdkkWrsqWhmhmf Wmc
cdudknoldmsldWrtqdr-
Sgd cd“mhshnm neW bnlltmhbWshnm rsqWsdfx Wmc sgd enqltkWshnm nehmsdqmWkWmc dwsdqmWk
naidbshudr)jdx ldrrWfdr)rsqWsdfhb chfhsWkhyWshnm fthcdkhmdrWmc sgd dwodbsdc admd“sr
Wqd netslnrshlonqsWmbd adbWtrd sgd WooqnWbgdr’cdrhfm sghmjhmf)qWohc oqnsnsxohmf)
btrsnldqhmsdfqWshnm)btrsnldqintqmdx)btrsnldqdwodqhdmbd)chfhsWkhyWshnm)mdv sqdmcr
Wmc sdbgmnknfhdr)Wfhkd hlokdldmsWshnm)dsb-(Wmc sgd hloWbsr’odqlWmdmsbgWmfd)mdv
rdquhbdr)ghfg cdfqdd neoqnbdrrWtsnlWshnm(rhfmh“bWmskx cduhWsd eqnl bnmudmshnmWk
oqnidbsrWmc hmhshWshudr-
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Ptbbdrr eTbsnpr
Sgd bnmfihbsadsvddm hmmnuWshnm Wmc bnrsoqdrrtqd onrdrnmd nesgd bdmsqWkbgWkkdmfdr
enqaWmjr-Cdudknohmf chrqtoshud rnktshnmrsn rdbtqd W aWmj&rbnlodshshudmdrrqdpthqdrW
gnkhrshb oqnbdrrchfhsWkhyWshnm WooqnWbg vghbg oqnuhcdrsgd ldsgncnknfhbWkentmcWshnm enq
chfhsWkhyWshnm dmcdWunqrsgqntfgntssgd nqfWmhyWshnm Wmc rtoonqsrsgd qdrnktshnm nesgWs
bnmfihbs-
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Idw sTidTvTwr
0- AWmjrWqd eWbhmf sgd bgWkkdmfd sn nudqbnld sgd bnmfihbsadsvddm qdftkWsnqx
qdpthqdldmsr)hmmnuWshnm Wmc dffbhdmbx-AdWqhmfOnhms&rgnkhrshbWmc ogWrdc oqnbdrr
chfhsWkhyWshnm WooqnWbg rtoonqsrsgd qdrnktshnm nesghrbnmfihbs-
1- Sgd WooqnWbg hrcdrhfmdc sn lhmhlhyd hlokdldmsWshnm kWsdmbx Wmc qdWkhyd sWmfhakd
rdquhbd)oqnctbs)oqnbdrrWmc cWsW qdpthqdldmsr-
2- ? rxrsdlWshbhmmnuWshnm oqnbdrrhm sgd hmhshWkogWrdr’hmbktchmf cdrhfm sghmjhmf)
btrsnldqdmfWfdldms)btrsnldqintqmdx)dsb-(oqnuhcdrenqghfg d1dbshudmdrrWr
vdkkWrW bnmrdptdmsnqhdmsWshnm sn btrsnldqcdlWmcr-
3- Sgqntfg Wm WooqnoqhWsd cdfqdd neWtsnlWshnm Wmc sgd tshkhyWshnm nemdv sdbg,
mnknfhdrrtbg WrqnanshboqnbdrrWtsnlWshnm nqWqsh“bhWkhmsdkkhfdmbd)noshlWkbnrs
dffbhdmbx hrsWqfdsdc-
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qdWbshnmrsn bgWmfdrnqqd,oqhnqhshyWshnm-
5- ? bnmshmtntr)gnkhrshbWmc hmsdfqWsdc bgWmfd lWmWfdldmsWooqnWbg mnsnmkx
eWbhkhsWsdrsgd hmhshWshud hsrdkeatsWkrn dmWakdrsgd hmsdmcdc hmbqdWrd nehmmnuWshnm
bWoWahkhsx sgqntfgntssgd dmshqd nqfWmhyWshnm-
01
Ihrsnevftpdr
02
nmsTbs
SgdncnqPbg_ahbjh K_ssgh_rPbgnky
O_qsmdq PdmhnqK_m_fdq
sgdncnq-rbg_ahbjh:ad_qhmfonhms-bnl l_ssgh_r-rbgnky:ad_qhmfonhms-bnl
03
4antsAdTphmfLnhms
AdWqhmfOnhmshrWm hmcdodmcdmslWmWfdldmsWmc sdbgmnknfx bnmrtksWmbx vhsg
DtqnodWm qnnsrWmc W fknaWkqdWbg-Sgd bnloWmx nodqWsdrhm sgqdd tmhsr9Bnmrtkshmf)
RnktshnmrWmc Udmstqdr-Bnmrtkshmf bnudqrsgd Wcuhrnqx atrhmdrr:Rnktshnmroqnuhcdr
sgd snnkrenqrtbbdrretkchfhsWksqWmrenqlWshnm)qdftkWsnqx sdbgmnknfx Wmc WcuWmbdc
WmWkxshbr:Udmstqdrcqhudrsgd “mWmbhmf Wmc cdudknoldmsnersWqs,tor-AdWqhmfOnhms&r
bkhdmsrhmbktcd lWmx nesgd vnqkc&rkdWchmf bnloWmhdrWmc nqfWmhyWshnmr-Sgd “ql gWr
W fknaWkbnmrtkshmf mdsvnqjvhsg lnqd sgWm 0/)/// odnokd Wmc rtoonqsrbkhdmsrhm nudq
64 bntmsqhdr)dmfWfhmf vhsg sgdl sn Wbghdud ldWrtqWakd Wmc rtrsWhmWakd rtbbdrr-
04
vvv-adWqhmfonhms-bnl