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VB (TR), Bodies, Bodying or Bodied
VB (TR), Bodies, Bodying or Bodied
VB (TR), Bodies, Bodying or Bodied
Introduction:
Guess ...
• The most complicated mechanism ever constructed......
• It is composed of 75 % water .......
• It consists of 100 billion of cells .....
• Home for our soul .....
II. Find out the meanings of the word body (pl. bodies):
1. (Anatomy) the entire physical structure of an animal or human being.
2. the flesh, as opposed to the spirit: while we are still in the body.
3. (Anatomy) the trunk or torso, not including the limbs, head, or tail.
4. a dead human or animal; corpse.
5. the largest or main part of anything: the body of a vehicle; the body of a plant.
6. the main part; majority: the body of public opinion.
7. a number of individuals regarded as a single entity; group: the student body.
8. (General Physics) an object or substance that has three dimensions, a mass, and is distinguishable
from surrounding objects.
9. an informal or dialect word for a person
vb (tr) , bodies, bodying or bodied
10. to give a body or shape to smth.
1. Define what word the following groups of synonyms are related to:
……………….
a. organic structure b. torso c. form d. organization
physical structure trunk figure group
middle build society
chest shape association
frame band
institution
2. Idioms:
1. body and soul - if you do something or believe something body and soul, you do it or believe it
completely.
ex. She dedicated herself to her research, body and soul.
2. keep body and soul together - to manage to keep existing, especially when one has very little
money.
ex. We hardly had enough to keep body and soul together. I don't earn enough money to keep body and
soul together
4. Find in the text the family of words for the word eye:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
A: A coin. B: A horse and its rider. C: A bottle. D: A clock. E: He didn't have anybody to take. (any
BODY)
Text B: Organization of The Human Body
Read the text and focus on the new vocabulary:
Human body is the physical substance of the human organism, composed of living cells and
extracellular materials and organized into tissues, organs, and systems.
The cell is the basic living unit of the human body. The human body consists of more than 75 trillion
cells, each capable of growth, metabolism, response to stimuli and reproduction. Although there are
some 200 different types of cells in the body, these can be grouped into four basic classes. These four
basic cell types, together with their extracellular materials, form the fundamental tissues of the human
body: (1) epithelial tissues, which cover the body’s surface and line the internal organs, body cavities,
and passageways; (2) muscle tissues, which are capable of contraction and form the body’s
musculature; (3) nerve tissues, which conduct electrical impulses and make up the nervous system;
and (4) connective tissues, which bind together various body structures. (Bone and blood are
considered connective tissues).
The next level of organization in the body is that of the organ. An organ is a group of tissues that
constitutes a distinct structural and functional unit. Thus, the heart is an organ composed of all four
tissues, whose function is to pump blood throughout the body. Of course, the heart does not function
in isolation; it is part of a system composed of blood and blood vessels as well. The highest level of
body organization, then, is that of the organ system.
The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that
work together as a functional unit. The chief constituents and prime functions of each system are
summarized below. (1) The integumentary system, composed of the skin and associated structures,
protects the body from invasion by harmful microorganisms and chemicals; it also prevents water
loss from the body. (2) The musculoskeletal system composed of the skeletal muscles and bones,
moves the body and protectively houses its internal organs. (3) The respiratory system, composed of
the breathing passages, lungs, and muscles of respiration, obtains from the air the oxygen necessary
for cellular metabolism; it also returns to the air the carbon dioxide that forms as a waste product of
such metabolism. (4) The circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels,
circulates a transport fluid throughout the body, providing the cells with a steady supply of oxygen
and nutrients and carrying away such waste product as carbon dioxide. (5) The digestive system,
composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, breaks down food into nutrients, which
are then absorbed from the blood or lymph. (6) The excretory system composed of the kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, removes toxic nitrogen compounds and other wastes from the
blood. (7) The nervous system, composed of the sensory organs, brain, spinal cord, and nerves,
transmits, integrates, and analyzes sensory information and carries impulses to effect the appropriate
muscular or glandular responses. (8) The endocrine system, composed of the hormone-secreting
glands and tissues, provides a chemical communications network for coordinating various body
processes. (9) The reproductive system, composed of the male or female sex organs, enables
reproduction and thereby ensures the continuation of the species
1. Comprehension check. Answer the following questions:
a. What is the role of the cell in the organization of the human body?
b. What is the function of the muscular tissue in the human body?
c. Give the explanation of the phrase “organ system”.
d. What are the component parts of the respiratory system?
e. What body system moves the body and protectively houses its internal organs?
2. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words: protects, coordinating, breaks down, form.
1. The digestive system, composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, ................. food
into nutrients.
2. These four basic cell types, together with their extracellular materials, ....................... the fundamental
tissues of the human body.
3. The endocrine system provides a chemical communications network for ........................ various body
processes.
4. The skin .................... the body from invasion by harmful microorganisms and chemicals.
3. Comment on the following quotations:
The human body is the best picture of the human soul
A Healthy Mind In a Healthy Body
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Annex 1
Video: Human Body 101 (national geographic)
I. Watch attentively the video document. Focus on the main idea.
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the video document about?
2. How many cells is the body composed of?
3. What are individual cells organized into?
4. What is an organ composed of ?
5. What is a system?
III. Choose the right answer.
1. The human body is compared with...
a. a building
b. a machine
c. a computer
2. The human stomach is compared with...
a. a windmill
b. a storage room
c. a blender
3. The heart works .....
a. irregularly
b. automatically
c. voluntarily
4. The wrinkled bulb of the brain and the most complex one is about the size of ......
a. an apple
b. a grapefruit
c. a nut
5. Neurons send ................. to the brain.
a. messages
b. demands
c. signals
IV. Fill in the table with the appropriate information from the video.
Body organs Human body systems Functions of the body systems
Heart 1. Cardiovascular Circulation
system
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.