B V Raju Institute of Technology

III B. Tech ECE –Section-C I Semester 2018 Batch

Analog and Digital Communication

Unit wise Question Bank (2020-21)

Unit-I: Amplitude Modulation

S. No Question BL CO
1.a Define the term modulation and explain the need for modulation in electronic 2 CO-1
communication system.
1.b The output signal from an AM modulator is: 3 CO-1
s(t) = 5cos(1800πt) + 20cos (2000πt) + 5cos(2200πt)
i. Determine the modulation index.
ii. Determine the ratio of the power in the sidebands to the power
in the carrier.
2.a Prove that a square law device can generate AM signals with necessary 2 CO-1
mathematical equations?
2b An audio frequency signal 10 sin(1000πt) is used to amplitude modulates a 3 CO-1
carrier of 50sin(5π105t) Calculate
(i) Modulation Index (ii) Side band Frequencies (iii) Bandwidth
3.a Describe Envelope detector with neat sketches? Discuss the effects of choice 4 CO-1
of RC time constant on the performance of Envelope detector?
3.b The antenna current of AM transmitter is 9A when only the carrier is 3 CO-1
transmitted but it increases to 10.6A when the carrier is modulated by a single
sine wave. Find the percentage of modulation? Determine the antenna current
when the percentage of modulation changes to 0.8?
4.a How DSB-SC signals can be detected? Discuss the effect of phase errors in the 4 CO-1
local oscillator carrier while detecting the DSB-SC signals?
4.b The modulating signal x(t)= 2cos2000πt + sin 4000πtis applied to a DSB 3 CO-1
modulator operating with a carrier frequency of 1MHz. Sketch the spectrum
of the modulator output.
5.a Compare various AM Systems and mention their applications? 4 CO-1
5.b The output of an AM generator is given by 3 CO-1
S(t) = 4cos(3800πt) +cos(4000πt) + 4cos(4200πt). Find the message
frequency, carrier frequency and modulation index
6.a Derive the equation and power relation of a single tone AM signal. 2 CO-1
6.b An AM transmitter develops an unmodulated power output of 400 watts 3 CO-1
across a 50-ohm resistive load. The carrier is modulated by a single tone with
a modulation index of 0.75
i) Write the expression for the AM signal assuming fm=5KHz and fc= 1MHz.
ii) Find the total average power of the modulator output
7.a With a neat diagram explain the balanced modulator method of generating 2 CO-1
DSB-SC.
7.b In an DSB-SC system, modulating signal is a single tone sinusoid 6cos(2π103 3 CO-1
t) which modulates a carrier signal 8cos(2π106t). Write the equation of
modulated wave. Plot the two-sided spectrum of the modulated wave.
Calculate the amount of power transmitted.
8.a SSB-SC is used for voice communication only? Why? 3 CO-1
8.b Explain the generation of SSB-SC signals by phase shift method with the help CO-1
of neat block diagram?
9. A single tone modulated AM signal with a modulation index of “m" and base 3 CO-1
band signal frequency of wm is detected using Envelope Detector, whose time
constant is RC. For effective demodulation, show that

10.a Compare various AM systems? 4 CO-1

10.b An AM signal is detected using an envelope detector. The carrier frequency 2 CO-1
and modulating signal frequency are 1MHz and 2KHz respectively. Determine
the appropriate value for time constant of the envelop detector.
11.a Explain the generation of DSB SC signal using Ring Modulator. 2 CO-1
11.b An AM signal represented in time domain as 3 CO-1
S(t)=10[1+0.5cos 2π*103t+0.8cos 2π*10* 103t + 0.9 cos 2π*20 *103t] cos 2πfct
, fC=1MHz. Determine
i) Bandwidth of the signal ii) Power taken by the component 990KHz iii) The
ratio PUSB/PT iv) Transmission efficiency.
12.a How DSB-SC signals can be detected? Discuss the effect of phase errors in the 4 CO-1
local oscillator carrier while detecting the DSB-SC signals?
12.b Draw the block diagram of a communication System? Explain the need for 2 CO-1
modulation?
13. Define Amplitude modulation? Derive the Time domain and frequency 3 CO-1
domain equation of AM and draw the corresponding waveforms in time
domain & frequency domain by considering message signal as m(t) with
bandwidth W.
14.a Define Amplitude modulation? Draw the spectrum of single tone AM signal by 2 CO-1
deriving the necessary frequency domain equations?
14.b Explain the generation of AM signals using square law modulator with 2 CO-1
necessary diagrams?
15.a Show that the maximum efficiency of AM is 33.33%, and explain how the 3 CO-1
efficiency can be improved by DSB-SC
15.b Explain the principle of VSB transmission. What are its advantages over SSB? 2 CO-1
16. What is TRF Receiver? How can we overcome the disadvantages of TRF 2 CO-1
receiver using super heterodyne receiver?
17.a Explain AM transmitters with the help of neat block diagram? 2 CO-1
17.b A super heterodyne receiver with an intermediate frequency of 455KHz is 3 CO-1
tuned to a station operating at 1200KHz. The calculate the image frequency
for the station.

Unit-II: Angle Modulation

S.No Question BL CO
1.a Explain how PM signal can be generated from FM signal. Justify with the 2 CO-2
necessary mathematics and give the block diagram representation of the
corresponding implementation?
1.b An angle modulates signal is described by X(t) = 3 CO-2
10Cos[2πx10 t+0.1Sin(πx10 t)],
6 3

(i)Considering the above signal as FM signal, with frequency sensitivity

factor of 10π Hz/Volt, find the baseband signal.
(ii)Considering the above signal as PM signal, with phase sensitivity factor
of 10 rad/Volt, find the baseband signal.
2.a Compare NBFM with AM? Draw the phasor diagrams of NBFM and AM? 3 CO-2
2.b A carrier wave of 1MHz frequency and amplitude of 3volts is frequency 3 CO-2
modulated by a sinusoidal modulating signal frequency of 500Hz and of peak
 amplitude of 1volt.The frequency deviation is 1KHz.The peak level of the
modulating wave form is changed to 5volts and the modulating frequency is
changed to 2KHz.Write the expression for the new modulated wave.
3. Deduce the expression for single tone WBFM signals and draw its spectrum? 3 CO-2
4.a Explain the direct method of FM generation? 2 CO-2
4.b What are the limitations of Direct FM generation? 3 CO-2
5.a With an example explain indirect method of FM generation. 2 CO-2
5.b consider an angle modulated signal s(t)=10cos(wct+3coswmt), fm = 2KHz. 3 CO-2
Assume modulation to be FM Determine the modulation index and find the
transmission bandwidth when
(i) wm is increased by a factor of 4 and
(ii) when wm is decreased by a factor of 4
6.a With neat diagrams explain the principle of working of balanced slope 2 CO-2
detector.
6.b Consider an FM signal S(t)=cos([4π106t + 30sin2πf1t +β_2 sin2πf2t]. Calculate 3 CO-2
the maximum deviation of the instantaneous frequency from the carrier
frequency.
7.a With the aid of a circuit diagram describe FM demodulation using Foster- 2 CO-2
seeley discriminator?
7.b Describe how PLL can demodulate the FM signals? 3 CO-2
8.a What is the necessity of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuit in FM system? 2 CO-2
Explain?
8.b Compare FM Demodulators? 3 CO-2
9.a Draw the block diagram of super heterodyne FM receiver and Explain? 2 CO-2
9.b Explain FM transmitter with a neat block diagram? 2 CO-2
10.a Compare direct and indirect methods of generating FM signals? Explain 3 CO-2
Armstrong method of generating FM signals with a neat schematic diagram
10.b A carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal modulating of frequency 3 CO-2
2KHz , resulting in a frequency deviation of 5KHz.What is the bandwidth
occupied by the modulated wave? The amplitude of the modulating sinusoidal
is increased by a factor of 2 and its frequency is lowered by 500Hz.What is the
new bandwidth?
11. Explain the principle of Angle modulation. Derive and explain phase 2 CO-2
deviation, modulation index, frequency deviation and percentage
modulation?
12. Derive an expression for Narrow Band FM. Explain its generation using a neat 2 CO-2
block diagram and give its phasor diagram?
13.a Explain ratio detector for FM demodulation? Mention its advantages and CO-2
disadvantages?
13.b For the FM signal X(t) = 20Cos[2πx106t+2Sin(2πx104t)], plot the magnitude 3 CO-2
spectrum, and calculate the bandwidth as per Carson's rule.
(Note: J0(2) = 0.224; J1(2) = 0.577; J2(2) = 0.353; J3(2) = 0.129)
14. Compare AM and FM? 3 CO-2
An angle modulated signal is given by s(t)=5Cos[2π106t+5Sin2000πt]. 3 CO-2
Determine (i) frequency deviation (ii) Bandwidth
15. Derive an expression for a FM signal with carrier frequency fc and modulating 4 CO-2
signal Am1coswm1t + Am2coswm2t. Obtain an expression for its spectrum?
 Unit-III: Pulse Analog Modulation
S.No Question BL CO
1.a Define Sampling theorem and Nyquist criteria 1 CO-3
1.b Define aliasing effect and explain how to avoid it? 1,2 CO-3
2. Explain the different types of sampling techniques. 2 CO-3
3. What do you mean by pulse modulation and define types of pulse 2 CO-3
modulation
4.a Compare pulse modulation systems and continuous modulation systems 2 CO-3
4.b Define multiplexing. What are the advantages of multiplexing? Explain the 3 CO-3
generation of TDM signals
5.a Define aperture effect and explain how to overcome it. 2 CO-3
5.b Compare the different type of sampling techniques 2 CO-3
6.a Explain the generation and detection of PAM signals with neat diagram 3 CO-3
6.b What are the advantages and disadvantages of PAM 2 CO-3
7.a Explain the generation and detection of PWM signals with neat diagram 3 CO-3
7.b What are the advantages and disadvantages of PWM 2 CO-3
8.a Explain the generation and detection of PPM signals with neat diagram 3 CO-3
8.b What are the advantages and disadvantages of PPM 2 CO-3
9. Compare PAM, PWM and PPM techniques 3 CO-3
10. Compare TDM and FDM systems 3 CO-3
11. 5 signals each band limited to 3KHz are transmitted through a channel using 3 CO-3
TDM. Each sample is encoded into 10bits.Determine the bit rate of the
multiplexed signal.
12. 10 voice signals are transmitted through a channel using TDM. Each sample 3 CO-3
is encoded into 8 bit. The time taken to complete one revolution of the
commutator is 125μsec.Determine the bit rate of the multiplexed signal.
13. 8 signals are transmitted through a channel using TDM. Each sample is 3 CO-3
encoded into 10bits.The speed of the commutator is 5000 revolutions/sec.
Determine the bit rate of the multiplexed signal if synchronization requires
5 extra bits per frame.
14. 3 signals band limited to 600Hz,600Hz and 1200Hz are sampled at Nyquist 3 CO-3
rate are transmitted through a channel using TDM. Each sample is encoded
into 12 bits. Determine the bit rate of the multiplexed signal
15. The two signals band limited to 2000Hz and 4000Hz are transmitted 3 CO-3
through a channel using TDM. Determine the bit rate of the multiplexed
signal.