GAS LAWS

Conversion factors:
Gas is one of the phase and size. It can be compressed
easily.  for volume
Properties of gases include mass, volume, temperature 1 mL=1 cm3 1 L= dm3 1m3 = 1000L
and pressure.

 The amount of a gas or its mass could be  for pressure

expressed in moles or grams. The mass of gases  1 atm= 760 mmHg =760 torr= 101,325 =
is negligible. 14.6956 psi
 The volume of a gas is the amount of space
occupied by the gases. Gases have the tendency  for temperature
to occupy all the spaces of the container that
they are confined. They have weak 0˚C = 273.15˚K = 32˚F
intermolecular force of attraction; hence they STP- standard temperature and pressure
are arranged as far as away as possible from
each other. The common units used in Boyle’s Law
expressing the volume of a gas are liter(L) and The relationship between volume and pressure
milliliter (mL). of gases at constant temperature.
 The temperature of a gas is the measure of the
hotness or coldness of an object. It is V∞
proportional to the average kinetic energy of its
molecules. It can be measured in Celsius or Charles’ Law
Kelvin (absolute scale). The volume-temperature relationship in gases
 The pressure of a confined gas is the average at constant pressure.
effect of forces of the colliding molecules. It can
be measured in atmosphere, torr, psi, cmHg or Gay-Lussac’s Law
mmHg. It can be quantified using this equation: The temperature-pressure relationship in gases
at constant volume.
F
P= where: P= pressure, F=force and A=area
A Exercises
1. A 500 mL sample of hydrogen is collected when
F=ma where: F= force, m=mass and a=acceleration the pressure is 800 mmHg. What volume will
the gas occupy when the pressure is 760
The properties of gases can affect one another. They are mmHg?
related to each other. 2. A 500 mL volume of gas is measured at 20˚C. If
 The volume of a gas is directly related to its the pressure remains unchanged, what will be
temperature at constant pressure the volume of the gas at 0˚C?
 The pressure of a gas is directly related to its 3. The helium tank has a pressure of 650 torr at
temperature at constant temperature. 25˚C. What will be the pressure if the
 The volume of a gas is inversely related to its temperature is tripled?
pressure at constant temperature 4. A 2.5 L of nitrogen gas exerts a pressure of 760
 The amount of a gas in a mole is directly related mmHg at 473˚K. What temperature is needed
to its volume at constant pressure and to reduce the volume to 1.75 L at 1140 torr?
temperature 5. A sample liquid acetone is placed in a 25. mL
The relationships of the different gas laes can be flask and vaporized by the heating to 75˚C at
quantified experimentally 1.02 atm. The vapor weighs 5.87 g. Calculate
the number of moles of the acetone.
Boyle’s Law V1P1=V2P2
Charles’ Law V1 / T1 = V2 /T2
Gay- Lussac’s P1 / T1 = P2 /T2
Law
Avogadro’s Law V1n2 = V2n1
Combined Gas V1P1T2=V2P2T1
Law
Ideal Gas Law PV= nRT
 Where: V=volume,
 P=pressure,
 T=temperature
 n=no. of moles,
 R=0.0821 L.atm./mol˚K