-Determines a numerical value in

the central region of a distribution

of scores
•Grouped Data
•Ungrouped Data
•Average or the balance point
of a score distribution
 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
• 𝑀𝑛 =
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠

• 𝑀𝑛 - Mean
Nerty is a web programmer. He worked
for about 7 months with the
corresponding hours in each month:
24,25,31,50,53,66,78. What is the mean
number of hours that Nerty worked on
this web site each month?
 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
Formula: 𝑀𝑛 =
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
24:25:31:50:53:66:78
Substitution: 𝑀𝑛 =
7
329
𝑀𝑛 =
7
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟒𝟕 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 (don’t forget the label)
• Special case of mean.

• Ex: Computing GPA

𝑓𝑥
• 𝑀𝑛 =
𝑁

• 𝑀𝑛 - Mean
• N - Total Frequency
• 𝑓 - Frequency
• 𝑥 - Score
• 𝑓𝑥 = sum of the PRODUCT of frequency (f) and score(x)
There are 1000 notebooks sold at Php 10
each, 500 notebooks at Php 20 each, 500
notebooks at Php 25 each and 100
notebooks at Php 30 each.
Step 1 : Classify the frequency and score then create this table

f X fx (frequency times score)

1000 10 (1000x10)=10,000
500 20 10,000
500 25 12,500
100 30 3,000
N= 2,100 𝒇𝒙 = P 35,500
• Step 2:
𝑓𝑥
Formula: 𝑀𝑛 =
𝑁

35,000
Substitution: 𝑀𝑛 =
2100

𝑴𝒏 = 𝑷 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝟎
• You have this set of grades, what is your GPA?

• 1.5 (3 units) MATHMOD

• 2.0 (3 units) BASSTAT
• 3.0 (3 units) ARTAPPRE
• 1.25 (3 units) PHILIT
• 1.75 (5 units) CALCULUS
•GPA: 1.88
THIS IS ALWAYS APPLICABLE WHEN THERE’S A GIVEN TABLE
 𝑓𝑋𝑚
•𝑀𝑛 =
𝑁
• 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
• 𝑿𝒎 = Class mark/midpoint
• 𝒇𝑿𝒎 =
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘
• f = frequency
• N= Total frequency
 Lower Limit + Upper Limit
•
2
Example:
Example: Ages Class Mark
8-10 𝟖:𝟏𝟎
=9
𝟐
5-7 6
2-4 3

Lower Limits are 2,5,8

Upper Limits are 4,7,10
Weight of Cubs f (frequency)
201-210 3
191-200 8
181-190 12
171-180 11
161-170 9
151-160 2
• Step 1: Find the variables needed in the formula through the
table
𝑓𝑋𝑚
𝑀𝑛 =
𝑁
Weight of Cubs f (frequency) Xm (Class Mark) fXm(frequency times
(lbs) class mark)
201-210 3 𝟐𝟎𝟏:𝟐𝟏𝟎 (3 x 205.5) = 616.5
= 205.5
𝟐
191-200 8 195.5 1564
181-190 12 185.5 2226
171-180 11 175.5 1930.5
161-170 9 165.5 1489.5
151-160 2 155.5 311
N= 45 𝒇𝑿𝒎 = 8137.5
• Step 2:
𝑓𝑋𝑚
Formula : 𝑀𝑛 =
𝑁

8137.5
Substitution: 𝑀𝑛 =
45

𝑀𝑛 = 180.83 lbs.
Weight of pork (kgs) f (frequency)
19-21 7
16-18 19
13-15 14
10-12 8
7-9 2
• 15.26 kgs
•Midpoint/middlemost of a
distribution of scores.
 𝑁:1
• 𝑀𝑑 =
2

• 𝑀𝑑 - Median
• N- No. of given values
• Take note: You have to arrange the scores
from lowest to highest
 50, 55, 60, 65, 12, 35, 48
Re-aaranging:
12, 35,48,50,55,60,65

Take note: When there’s no label,

then the answer has no label too.
• Step 1:
𝑁:1
Formula: 𝑀𝑑 =
2
7:1
Substitution: 𝑀𝑑 =
2
8
𝑀𝑑 =
2
𝑴𝒅 = 𝟒 (means the 4th term)
• Step 2: Find the 4th term in the given, that will be the median
12, 35,48,50,55,60,65
1st,2nd ,3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th,
Answer: 50
 45,46,48,50,57,75

-this is well arranged already

• Step 1:
𝑁:1
Formula: 𝑀𝑑 =
2

6:1
Substitution: 𝑀𝑑 =
2
7
𝑀𝑑 =
2
𝑴𝒅 = 𝟑. 𝟓 (means the 3.5th term)
• Step 2: Find the 3.5th term in the given, that will be the median
45,46,48,50,57,75
Take note: 3.5th term is between the 3rd and 4th term, so find
the number between the 3rd and 4th term
• 3RD = 48 and 4TH = 50
3 RD +4TH
• TO GET 3.5TH TERM:
2
48:50 98
=
2 2
Answer: 49
THIS IS ALWAYS APPLICABLE WHEN THERE’S A GIVEN TABLE
 𝑁
( ;𝐶𝑓𝑏 )
2
•𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + i
𝑓𝑚
• 𝑴𝒅 = 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
• 𝑿𝑳𝑩 = Lower boundary of the median class
• 𝑪𝒇𝒃 =Cumulative frequency before the median
class
• 𝒇𝒎 = frequency of the median class
• N= Total frequency
• i= size of the class interval
Formula :
Lower Limit of median Class -0. 5

Example:
40-47
40-0.5= 39.5
• Look for the frequency, starting from the bottom and add it
succesively.

frequency Cf
5 15+5 =20
7 8+7 = 15
5 3+5 = 8
3 -bottom 3 –copy the first frequency
• Count the number from lower limit up to upper limit

• Example
Age
8-10 8,9,10} 3 numbers
5-7 5,6,7} 3 numbers
2-4 2,3,4} 3 numbers
i=3
Seconds f
66-70 4
61-65 8
56-60 7
51-55 2
• Step 1: Find cf first

Seconds f Cf
66-70 4 21
61-65 8 17
56-60 7 2+7= 9
51-55 2 2 –copy the first frequency
N=21
• Step 2:
Find the median class
𝑁
2
21
=
2
= 10.5

Take note: Find the median class in the cf

 Seconds f Cf
66-70 4 21
61-65 8 17
56-60 7 9
51-55 2 2
N=21

Since the median class is 10.5, we will choose 17 and not 9 (okay
na lumagpas kesa kulang)
Take note: The whole row of 17 is the median class
• Step 3: Find the remaining variables in the formula

Seconds f Cf
66-70 4 21
61-65 8 17
56-60 7 9
51-55 2 2
N=21

• 𝑿𝑳𝑩 = Lower boundary of the median class

= LL-0.5
= 61-0.5
= 60.5
• 𝑪𝒇𝒃 =Cumulative frequency before the median class
=9
(because 9 is the cf before 17)
• 𝒇𝒎 = frequency of the median class
=8
• N= Total frequency
= 21
• i= size of the class interval
=(61,62,63,64,65)-count
=5
• Step 4:
𝑁
( 2 ;𝐶𝑓𝑏 )
Formula : 𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + I
𝑓𝑚

21
( 2 ;9)
𝑀𝑑 = 60.5 + 5
8

𝑴𝒅 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔
Weight of pork (kgs) f (frequency)
19-21 7
16-18 19
13-15 14
10-12 8
7-9 2
• 15.66 kgs
• The mode of a set of data values is
the value that appears most often.

• Take note: there’s no formula for

ungrouped data
 4, 6, 5,7 ,8, 9,10,7,1,7,8,9

Mode: 7 (unimodal)

14,12,15,12,15,12,15,13,15,12
Mode: 12, 15 (bimodal)
• Unimodal- one mode
• Bimodal- two modes
• Trimodal- three modes
• Multimodal- more than three modes
• 20,21,30,31,31,23,21,20,14,15,1
6,14,15,16,20,21,14,15,16
• 20,21,14,15,16
•multimodal
 𝑑𝑓1
•𝑀𝑜 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + i
(𝑑𝑓1 :𝑑𝑓2 )
• 𝑴𝒐 = 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒
• 𝑿𝑳𝑩 = Lower boundary of the modal class
• 𝒅𝒇𝟏 =difference between the frequency of the
modal class and the frequency BEFORE it.
• 𝒅𝒇𝟐 = difference between the frequency of
the modal class and the frequency AFTER it.
• i= size of the class interval
Seconds f
66-70 4
61-65 8
56-60 7
51-55 2
• Step 1: Find the modal Class

• Modal class is the highest frequency

Seconds f
66-70 4
61-65 8- modal class
56-60 7
51-55 2
• Step 2: Find the variables needed in the formula
Seconds f
66-70 4-freq after the modal class
61-65 8
56-60 7- freq before the modal class
51-55 2
• Xlb= 61-0.5
= 60.5
• df1= 8-7
=1
• df2 = 8-4
=4
• i= 5 (61,62,63,64,65-count)
• Step 3:

𝑑𝑓1
Formula: 𝑀𝑜 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖
(𝑑𝑓1 :𝑑𝑓2 )

1
Substitution: 𝑀𝑜 = 60.5 + 5
(1:4)

𝑀𝑜 = 61.5
Weight of pork (kgs) f (frequency)
19-21 7
16-18 19
13-15 14
10-12 8
7-9 2
• 16.38 kgs