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Accident Black Spot: P&M (RSCE) Dated 28
Accident Black Spot: P&M (RSCE) Dated 28
In road safety management, an accident black spot or black spot is a place where
road traffic accidents have historically been concentrated. It may have occurred for a
variety of reasons, such as a sharp drop or corner in a straight road, a hidden
junction on a fast road, poor or concealed warning signs at a cross-roads.
The threshold value computation formula for first order, second order, third order,
fourth and fifth order priority black spots are given in Table 1.
In Australia, black spots are defined in the Australian Guideline Code for the
Planning, Construction and Maintenance of roads. According to the guideline,
scenes of accident are distinguished in black spots and hazardous location,
depending on their recorded crash history. To be classified as a black spot, one of
the following criteria has to be met:
In Flanders, Belgium following definition of road accident black spot is applied: Each
site where in last 3 years, 3 or more accidents have occurred, is selected. Each
location identified as a black spot should have a length of not more than 100 m.
Then site is considered to be dangerous when its score for the priority (S), calculated
using the following formula, equals 15 or more:
S= LI + 3SI + 5DI
Where
In Hungary, two definitions of road accident black spot are used. Outside built-up
areas, a black spot is defined as a location where at least 4 accidents have
been recorded during 3 years on a road section no longer than 1000 m. Inside
build-up areas, a black spot is defined as a location where at least 4 accidents
have been recorded in 3 years on a road section no longer than 100 m
In Norway, a distinction is made between Black Spots and Black Sections. A black
spot is any location with length of not more than 100 m where at least 4 injury
accidents have been recorded in last 5 years. A black section is any road
section with length of not more than 1000 m where at least 10 injury accidents
have been recorded during last 5 years.
SWEROADS
The method used is called Rate – Quality – Control Method. It is a statistical method
for identifying black spots. The Rate – Quality – Control Method consists of
calculating three different parameters for each road section. In Turkey, a road
section is defined as one kilometre of road. The three parameters are:
accident rate
accident frequency,
severity index.
Each of these values is compared with a critical value. Thus the accident rate is
compared with one critical value, the accident frequency with another critical value
and the severity value with a third critical value. If a certain road section shows
higher values than the critical ones for all these three parameters, the section is
considered to be a black spot.
Estimation of Accident Severity Index (ASI): Accident Severity Index is used to
evaluate the potential for occupant risk in full-scale crash tests involving roadside
safety. For estimation of ASI, below equation is used (Kumar et al., 2015) in which
the weight age to fatal accidents is taken as 7 and for grievous accident it is 3.
ASI=( ( N f × W f ) + ( N g ×G g ) )
Where:
Black spots: Black spots are the road locations that have a record of large number
of crashes or locations with high accident potentials. It is determined as the locations
which have accident severity index (ASI) more than threshold value (average
severity) + 1.2 (standard deviation) are assigned as black spots.
Total locations = 28