ANAT 5

Lecture Topic: TISSUES

Reading: Chapter 5

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 TISSUES
Tissue = group of cells working together
for a common function
4 tissue types: 1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

**Learn characteristics & main functions**

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 Histology
• Hist = greek for “tissue”

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 1) EPITHELIAL TISSUE

a) Characteristics
-free surface
-densely packed cells
-avascular (no blood vessels)
-highly regenerative
b) Functions
- barrier/protection
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c) Classification of epithelial tissues
1) Cell shape (at the free surface)

2) Cell layers/arrangement

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 c) Classification of epithelial tissues
1) Cell shape (at free surface)
a) squamous - flat cells
b) cuboidal - cube shaped
c) columnar - column shaped

Reminders: -histology = thin section of a 3D object 6

-there are MANY tissues on each slide
c) Classification of epithelial tissues

2) Cell layers/arrangement
a) simple - a single layer
b) stratified - multiple layers

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c) Classification of epithelial tissues

2) Cell layers/arrangement
a) simple - a single layer
b) stratified - multiple layers

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Name this epithelial tissue:

Cell arrangement/layers…….Shape of cells at surface

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Name this epithelial tissue:

Cell arrangement/layers…….Shape of cells at surface

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 Name this epithelial tissue:

Cell arrangement/layers…….Shape of cells at surface 11

Name this epithelial tissue:

Cell arrangement/layers…….Shape of cells at surface 12

Name this epithelial tissue:

Cell arrangement/layers…….Shape of cells at surface 13

Special Types of Epithelia:

Transitional:
-only in urinary tract

Pseudostratified Columnar:
-respiratory tract
-look for cilia

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 2) CONNECTIVE TISSUES
a) Characteristics
- cells widely spaced
- matrix between cells
MATRIX = fibers + ground substance
FIBERS = collagen (thick, strong & flexible)
elastic (thin & very stretchy)

GROUND SUBSTANCE = fluid, solid, or semi-solid material

- blood vessels are common

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 2) CONNECTIVE TISSUES

b) Functions
1. You should be able to think of MANY!
-

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c) Classification of connective tissues (7
types)
1) Adipose Tissue

Functions:

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Adipose Tissue

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c) Classification of connective tissues (con’t)
2) Areolar (loose)
-lots of elastin (stretchy) & collagen (strong)
-fibroblast cells (cells that make fibers)
-
-
-
-

“Blast” = to make

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 c) Classification of connective tissues (con’t)
3) Dense Regular C.T. (white fibrous)
-very strong collagen fibers
-poor blood supply
-
-
-

-tendons
(muscle/bone)
-ligaments (bone/bone)

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 Dense Regular Connective
Tissue
– Found in:
• Tendons
• Ligaments

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c) Classification of connective tissues
(con’t)
4) Dense Irregular C.T. (skip reticular c.t.)

-wavy collagen fibers

-dermis layer of skin

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c) Classification of connective tissues (con’t)

5) Cartilage (3 types)
a) hyaline cartilage: most common, costal cartilage
b) elastic cartilage: lots of elastin, in ear & epiglottis
c) fibrocartilage: lots of collagen, intervertebral disks

All have chondrocytes within lacunae. 23

“Chondro” = cartilage
Cartilage

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c) Classification of connective tissues
(con’t)

6) Bone - most rigid connective tissue

- has osteocytes (cells) in lacunae
“osteo” = bone

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c) Classification of connective tissues
(con’t)

7) Blood - red & white blood cells in plasma

- plasma = matrix
-
-

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 3) MUSCLE TISSUE
a) Key Characteristic – can contract
b) Functions - movement
c) Classification (3 types):
1) skeletal - attached to the skeleton
2) smooth - in viscera & blood
vessels
3) cardiac - in heart
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 Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

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 4) NERVOUS TISSUE

a) Key Characteristic - conducts electrical

impulses

b) Function - controls body

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 Thyroxine

GLANDS
1) Introduction - tissues that secrete fluid or
products
2) Types of glands
a) Endocrine - NO ducts
- secrete _____________ into
__________

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 GLANDS

2) Types of glands

b) Exocrine - have ducts to exterior/interior surface

- Examples:
1) sebacious - secrete oil for skin
2) sweat glands
3) mammary
4) salivary

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 MEMBRANES
1) Introduction - combination of two + tissues
- cover a body surface
- made of epithelial & C.T.

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2) Types of membranes:
a) mucous - line body cavities that open to outside
- respiratory, digestive, reproductive…
- produce _______________
b) serous - line body cavities that do NOT open to
outside
- dorsal and ventral cavities
- produce a thin serous fluid
c) synovial - line joint cavities
- produce _____________ fluid

d) cutaneous –
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 TUMORS
1) Introduction - abnormal accumulation of
tissue

2) Types
a) benign

b) malignant - cancerous

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End of Tissues

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