June 22nd

  Presentations/Attendance
  Review Mitosis/Meiosis

  Cancer Video
  Break
  Tissues: Part 1: Epithelial Tissue

  Break
  Tissues: Part 2: Glandular Epithelia

  Begin Lab 13: Tissues 1

Tissue: The Living Fabric PART 1
Tissues

  Groups of cells similar in structure and function

  The four types of tissues
  Epithelial (covering)
  Connective (support)
  Muscle (movement)

  Nerve (control)
Overview of Tissues

4
Preparing Human Tissue for Microscopy

  Steps
 Specimens must be fixed (preserved)

 Sectioned
 Stained to enhance contrast
Overview of Four Tissue Types

6
Epithelial Tissue

  List several structural and functional characteristics

of epithelial tissue
  Name, classify and describe the various types of
epithelial tissue and show their chief functions and
locations

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Epithelial Tissue

  Sheets of cells that cover a body surface or line a

body cavity
  Occurs in the body as
  Covering or lining epithelium
  Glandular epithelium

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6 Functions of Epithelial Tissue
1  Protection
2  Absorption

3  Filtration
4  Excretion
5  Secretion

6  Sensory Reception

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Epithelial Tissue Characteristics
1  Cellularity – composed almost entirely of cells
2  Special contacts – form continuous sheets held
together by tight junctions and desmosomes
3  Polarity – apical and basal surfaces
4  Supported by connective tissue – reticular and
basal laminae
5  Avascular but innervated – contains no blood
vessels but supplied by nerve fibers
6  Regenerative – rapidly replaces lost cells by cell
division
Classification of Epithelia

  Simple or
stratified

Figure 4.1a
Simple vs. Stratified

  Simple
  One cell layer

  Found where absorption, secretion, filtration occur

  Stratified
  Two or more cell layers

  Found where protection is important

  (Skin surface, lining of the mouth)
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 Apical surface

Basal surface

Connective tissue
Classification of Epithelia

  Squamous, cuboidal,
or columnar

Figure 4.1b
Epithelia: Simple Squamous

  Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped

nuclei and sparse cytoplasm
  Functions
  Diffusion and filtration
  Provide a slick, friction-reducing lining in
lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

  Present in the kidney glomeruli, lining of heart,

blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and serosae
Epithelia: Simple Squamous

Figure 4.2a
Simple Squamous Epithelium

Flattened laterally, cytoplasm is sparse

2 Special Types of Simple Squamous Epithelium

  Endothelium: lining of lymphatic vessels and

hollow organs of cardiovascular system
  Mesothelium: lining ventral body cavity organs

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Epithelia: Simple Cuboidal

  Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical

central nuclei
  Function in secretion and absorption

  Present in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory

portions of small glands, and ovary surface
Epithelia: Simple Cuboidal

  Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical

central nuclei
  Function in secretion and absorption

  Present in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory

portions of small glands, and ovary surface

Figure 4.2b
 Cubodial Epithelium

Human kidney tubule section showing cuboidal epithelium. LM X360.

Epithelia: Simple Columnar

  Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei; many

contain cilia
  Goblet cells are often found in this layer
  Function in absorption and secretion
  Nonciliated type line digestive tract and gallbladder
  Ciliated type line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and
some regions of the uterus
  Cilia help move substances through internal
passageways
Epithelia: Simple Columnar

Figure 4.2c
 Columnar Epithelium

Human columnar epithelium lining the bronchus of the lung. H&E stain. X180.
Epithelia: Pseudostratified Columnar

  Single layer of cells with different heights; some do

not reach the free surface
  Nuclei are seen at different layers

  Function in secretion and propulsion of mucus

  Present in the male sperm-carrying ducts
(nonciliated) and trachea (ciliated)
Epithelia: Pseudostratified Columnar

  Single layer of cells with different heights; some do

not reach the free surface
  Nuclei are seen at different layers

  Function in secretion and propulsion of mucus

  Present in the male sperm-carrying ducts
(nonciliated) and trachea (ciliated)

Figure 4.2d
Pseudostratified Columnar
Epithelia: Stratified Squamous

  Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells

  Function in protection of underlying areas subjected
to abrasion

  Forms the external part of the skin’s epidermis

(keratinized cells), and linings of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina (nonkeratinized cells)
Epithelia: Stratified Squamous

  Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells

  Function in protection of underlying areas subjected
to abrasion

  Forms the external part of the skin’s epidermis

(keratinized cells), and linings of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina (nonkeratinized cells)

Figure 4.2e
 Keratinized Epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium from mouth mucosa. H&E stain. LM X100.

Epithelia: Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar

  Stratified cuboidal
  Quite rare in the body
  Found in some sweat and mammary glands
  Typically two cell layers thick
  Stratified columnar
  Limited distribution in the body
  Found in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some
glandular ducts
  Also occurs at transition areas between two other types of
epithelia
Epithelia: Transitional

  Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface

cells are dome shaped
  Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary
bladder

  Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the

urethra
Epithelia: Transitional

  Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface

cells are dome shaped
  Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary
bladder

  Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the

urethra

Figure 4.2f
Transitional Epithelium; Transitional Epithelium;
Distended Collapsed
Check Your Understanding

1  What is the purpose for fixing tissues for

microscope viewing?
2  What types of stains are used to stain tissues to be
viewed with an electron microscope ?

3  Epithelial tissue has polarity (an apical and basal

surface). Why is this important ?
4  Which of these properties apply to epithelial tissue?
Has blood vessels, can repair itself, cells joined by
lateral contacts ?
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Check Your Understanding

5  Stratified epithelia are built for protection and to

resist abrasion. What are the simple epithelia better
at ?
6  What is meant by “pseudostratified” epiphelia ?

7  Where is transitional epithelium found and why is

it important at those sites ?

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Label the following Epithelial Tissue Types

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 Quiz!! E

Can You Identify the

Classes of Epithelium?
D

A B