UNIT –I PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

Introduction

Fluid Mechanics is the branch of engineering which deals with the properties and behavior of
fluids at rest and in motion.

Hydraulics is the branch of engineering deals with the properties and behavior of water.

Definition of Fluid

Fluid can be defined as the substance which can flow with or without the aid of force A fluid
may be in three forms like as liquid (or) a vapour (or) a gas

Types of Fluid

Fluids are classified as follows.

1. Ideal (or) perfect fluid A fluid having density only as property is called Ideal fluid .
Ideal fluid one which has no viscosity, surface tension, cohesion and adhesion etc.
2. Real fluid (or) Practical fluid a fluid having viscosity, surface tension, cohesion,
adhesion and density is called Real Fluid.
3. Newtonian Fluid a fluid which obeys Newton’s Law of viscosity is called Newtonian
fluid.
4. Non – Newtonian Fluid a fluid which does not obey Newton’s Law of viscosity is called
Non- Newtonian fluid.

Properties of Fluid

1. Density it is defined as the mass per unit volume.

Unit is kg/m3
2. Specific weight (weight density) it is defined as the weight per unit volume.
 Unit is kN/m3
3. Specific volume it is defined as the volume per unit mass

Unit is m3/kg.
Relation between the Specific volume and density is