CHAPTER l

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In our everyday life we come across to certain kinds of dirt touching our skin and also

wind that will dry our skin instantly and we are anxious on the effects that might make our

buoyancy or confidence low and we all know that confidence is very substantial, for it is one

potential you can possess in order for you to get ahead so almost of us care for our skin and we

uses lotions to moisturize, perfume and prevents aging and in applying it we can evade those

effects that can make our confidence low.

There are lotions that contains chemicals or ingredients that can irritate your skin. The

reasons why we always check the lotion that we are going to use is that we can avoid our skin

getting skin allergies for instance rashes, Itchiness, and fungal infection.

According to McDonald. Michel (2009) Lotions are applied to external skin with bare

hands, a brush, a clean cloth, or cotton wool. While a lotion may be used as a medicine delivery

system, many lotions, especially hand lotions and body lotions are meant instead to simply

smooth, moisturize soften and perhaps perfume the skin.

On the word of Remington (2006) A lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation intended

for application to the skin. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity, typically due to

lower water content

Some Skincare products such as sunscreen and moisturizer may be available in multiple

formats such as lotions, gels, creams, or sprays.

1
(Soap and lotions” U.S Food and drug Administration. Retrieved 2 January 2016)

The researchers conducted the study to explore and present a new product, to lessen the

invasiveness of this plant, and to introduce that the herbal plant can give countless benefits.

When the researchers are thinking what to research they notice that their skin are windswept and

dry so they thought of something that can moisturize their skin and they come up with lotions so,

they concluded that they will be making a homemade body lotion out of Siam Weed or

Wellawel. Since all the essential oils used in lotions are very common they decided to use an

herbal plant that is ample to their community which is the Siam Weed or wellawell.

As stated by Sirinthipaporn A and jiraungkoorsul W (2017) The Siam Weed or wellawel

is an herbal plant wherein its several parts of this plant widely used to treat wound, burns, skin

infections as well as to possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hepatoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-

microbial, and antioxidant properties

Statement of the Problem

The researchers aim to investigate the Potential of Siam Weed or wellawel extract as an

alternative essential oil for Homemade Body Lotion.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following:

1. What is the smell and viscosity of the Siam weed or wellawel body lotion along:

a) ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava starch, 2

teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ cup Siam Weed Extract?

b) 2 cups lard, 1 ½ tablespoon coconut oil, 3 teaspoon cassava starch, 3/2

teaspoon vanilla starch, 1/8 cup of Siam Weed Extract?

2. How long will the homemade body lotion moisturize your skin?

2
 3. Is there a significant differences on the smell and viscosity of the Siam weed body lotion

from other lotion?

Hypothesis:

There is a significant differences of the homemade whipped body butter from other

lotions.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the Independent and The Dependent Variable. The Independent Variable

includes the Homemade body lotion with siam weed or wellawel extract while the Dependent

Variable contains the level of viscosity and smell of the siam weed homemade body lotion,

Likewise the number of hours that the Homemade body lotion will moisturize your skin.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable Expected output

     
    High viscosity and
A Homemade Level of Viscosity good smell of siam
Body Lotion out and Smell weed body lotion
of Siam Weed or Level of Moisture It can moisturize
wellawel extract on skin our skin in 24 hours
 
 

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

3
Significance of the Study
The researchers conducted this activity to give some importance of Siam weed , to be

aware on how to use Siam weed or wellawel in making a homemade body lotion , how long it

moisturize are skin and what is the difference from the commercial lotions.

Consumers: The consumers can improve the smell and moisture of their skin by using

the homemade body lotion.

Community: There are communities that has Siam weeds blocking their ways, blocking

the front of their houses so, we can help them to reduce those plants.

Parents: Our parents can get benefits by using the lotion especially our mothers for their

skin is dry because of laundries being washed.

Students and future researchers: The study is essential to students for they can

improve and continue the research for them to have their research in their subject Practical

research 1 and also in Science Investigatory Projects.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on how to make a homemade Body Lotion made by this ingredients

only such as (Coconut oil, Purico, cassava starch, Vanilla extract and leaves of Siam Weed or

“wellawel” which will be collected at Barangay Sto. Tomas, Manabo, Abra)

4
Definition of Terms

The following terms is used in the study:

Siam Weed or commonly called Wellawel - is one of herbs belongs to Asteraceae,

sunflower Family, synonyms to Eupatorium odoratum act as a traditional medicinal plant.

(Sirinthipaporn A and Jiraungkoorskul W 2017)

Viscosity – the state of being sticky or glutinous consistency (Merriam Webster

dictionary)

Moisturize – to add moisture to something, such as a person’s skin (Merriam Webster

dictionary)

Lotion – A liquid preparation for cosmetic or external medicinal use (Merriam Webster

dictionary)

5
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This Chapter presents the related literature both from local and foreign studies.

Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) or wellawel is one of herbs belongs to Asteraceae,

sunflower Family, synonyms to Eupatorium odoratum act as a traditional medicinal plant.

Several parts of this plant widely used to treat wound, burns, skin infections as well as to possess

anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant

properties. This flowering shrub native to North America, from Florida and Texas to Mexico and

the Caribbean, has been introduced to Asia, West Africa and Australia. Siam weed is one of

common name of Chromolaena odorata L. grown as medical herbs and ornamental plant. In

Indonesia, this plant is one of the important traditional medicines, crushing the young leaves and

resulting liquid used to treat skin wounds. Chromolaena odorata L. also considered as a serious

weed in plantation crops in the world such as palm oil plant, coconut, rubber and citrus. It is

consisted high allelophatic and suppresses neighbouring vegetation. During the dry season the

stem dry and readily burn, but the stumps remain alive and grow very rapidly and cover in the

succeeding rainy season. This weed affects particularly small farms, production in agricultural

sectors and as well as natural ecosystems. It can quickly invade cleared lands and crops resulted

in low yield and income. Chromolaena odorata, one of the wound healing plants that investigated

for its diverse health benefits. Chromolaena odorarata L. found throughout the world especially

6
in the pacific region under different names; Siam weed, devil weed, French weed, hagonoy, co

hoy, in Indonesia known as Ki Rinyuh and si koko . The mentioned herb is an important weed

plant that extend its territory from America to Asian countries like Indonesia, India, China,

Bangladesh, Thailand and other. Chromolaena odorata L is being use traditionally as medicinal

properties, especially for external uses as in wound skin, skin infections, and inflammation. In

Indonesia, most of the people used this plant to cure stomachs problem or dyspepsia, reducing

the cholesterol and hypertension, vertigo, diet and mainly for external uses as well Chromolaena

odorata L. belongs to the Asteraceae family. Common names of Chromolaena odorata;

Eupatorium affine Hook & Arn., Eupatorium brachiatum Wikstrom, Eupatorium clematitis DC.,

Eupatorium conyzoides M. Vahl., Eupatorium divergens Less., Eupatorium floribundum Kunth,

Eupatorium graciliiflorum DC., Eupatorium odoratum L., Eupatorium sabeanum Buckley.,

Eupatorium stigmatosum Meyen & Walp., Osmia conyzoides (Vahl) Sch.-Bip., Osmia divergens

(Less) SchultsBip., Osmia floribunda (Kunth) Schultz-Bip., Osmia graciliflora (DC) Sch.Bip.,

Osmia odorata (L) Schultz-Bip.

i. Kingdom : Plantae

ii. Subkingdom : Tracheobionta

iii. Superdivision : Spermatophyta

iv. Division : Magnoliophyta

v. Class : Magnoliopsida

vi. Subclass : Asteridae

vii. Order : Asterales

viii. Family : Asteraceae

ix. Genus : Chromolaena

7
 x. Species : Chromolaena odorata

Chromolaena odorata L. has a short life cycle approximately ten years maximum. It is an

herbaceous perennial forms dense tangled bush up to 2 min in height. It occasionally reaches its

maximum height of 6 m (as climber on other vegetation). The paired of branches grow freely

through the main stem. The older stem in the base are brown and woody, while the tips are soft

and green. The root formation is fibrous and does not penetrate beyond 20-30 cm in most soil.

The flowers are white or pale bluish-lilac, and form covering the whole surface. The leaves are

arrowhead-shaped, 50–120 mm in length and 30–70 mm in wide. They grow in opposite pairs

along the stems and branches. As the species name ‘odorata’ suggests, the leaves emit a pungent

odour when crushed. The seeds of Siam weed are small (3-5mm long, ~1mm wide, and weigh

about 2.5mg seed-1). Siam weed is a perennial species, as it lives for more than one year and

very well adapted to the wet–dry tropical climate. Chromolaena odorata L is a perennial

scrambling shrub with straight, pithy, brittle stems which readily branch, bear three-veined,

ovate-triangular leaves placed oppositely and with a shallow, fibrous root system. Within the

native range, C. odorata shows the variability of morphology in term of flower color, leaf shape

and hairiness, smell of the crushed leaves and its architecture. In some part of regions, its shows

several forms and intermediate, while in others appears homogenous and this variability

presently remains unexplained. Siam weed grows on a wide range of soils and in a range of

vegetation types, such as in forests (rainfall 1500mm per year), grassland and arid bushveld

(rainfall less than 500mm per year). The range of relative humidity should be around 60-70% for

good growth of this herbs, at values higher than 80% the growth performance was bad. A

research showed that Chromolaena odorata L. seedling grew very well at 30oC and much better

8
on mulched soil at 25oC, whereas in a heavy shade this medicinal plant will not seed. This

phenomenon has a negative relationship with tree canopy cover and appears to be the most

abundant on the edge of the forested area. The leaves are in oval form with 6-10 cm long and 3-6

cm width, the bottom part is wider and more pointed in the tip. The edge of the leaves is jagged

and facing the base and leaves position are face to face to others. The wreath is located at the end

branch (terminal), consists of 20-30 flowers with bluish color for young flower and brown for

mature flower. The flower is blooming during the dry season, inflorescence simultaneously

happens within 3-4 weeks. The seed ripe then the plants will dry out; seed break out and it

carried by wind. During early rainy season, the stem pieces, branches and the base of the stem

sprout again, the falling seed starting to germinate and next two months sprout and shoots

dominates the area. The observation that have been done by Yadav and Tripathi showed that

plant density reaches 36 adults per m2 and no less than 1300 sprouts, even though plant already

mature, it’s still have the potential to produces bud . Siam weed is growing and breeding very

fast, so can form a tight community and get in the way growth of other plants through the

competition. C. odorata can grow up to 1000-2800 m above sea level in Indonesia mostly found

in the lowlands (0-500 m above sea level) as rubber and coconut plantations. The plant height of

C. odorata can reach up to 5 m and even more. The young stem shows green color with soft

structure and become azsdaqawss brown with hard structure (woody) when it is old. The

branches system is tight, reduces sunlighZt to the bottom part, and inhibits the growth of other

plant species including grass. This weed grows very fast and dominates the area very quick The

medicinal values of Chromolaena odorata lie in their phytochemicals component (table such as

tannins, alkaloid, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds, which produce a physiological

action in our body [20]. The dried leaf of Chromolaena odorata contained ash (11%), crude fat

9
(11%), fibre (15%), moisture (15%), crude protein (18%), and carbohydrate (31%). The active

phytochemical substances are: (1) flavonoid aglycones (flavanones, flavonols, flavones)

including acacetin, chalcones, eupatilin, luteolin, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin,

quercetagetin, and sinensetin, (2) terpenes and terpenoids, (3) essential oils, (4) alkaloids

including pyrrolizidine, (5) saponins and tannins, (6) phenolic acids including ferulic acid,

protocatechuic acid, (7) phytoprostane compound including chromomeric acid. While the fresh

Chromolaena odorata contained moisture (59.50%), total ash (2.50%), crude protein (6.56%),

crude lipid (0.10%), carbohydrate (20.58%), fibre (10.76%) and total metabolize energy (109.46

kcal/100g). Chromolaena odorata is popularly uses for traditional wound healing; moreover, the

leave aqueous extract have been used for the treatment of soft-tissue burns or skin infections

.The efficiency of healing wounds come from the antioxidant property of the drug or plant which

enhances conserving the fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation on those wounds. Also used for

a variety of ailments in many tropical countries for a long time, especially to stop bleeding.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that Siam weed extract (SWE) accelerates haemostasis and

wound healing. For malaria treatment, the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L ingredient with

lemon grass and guava leave. Other traditional medicinal uses include include anti-diarrheal,

astringent, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, tonic, antipyretic and

heart tonic and also cough remedy. The fresh leaves and extract of C. odorata are a traditional

herbal treatment in some developing countries for burns, soft tissue wounds and skin infections.

A formulation prepared from the aqueous extract of the leaves has been licensed for clinical use

in Vietnam. In Ghana and Benin, the infusion from fresh Chromolaena odorata L leaves is used

to treat malaria and internal haemorrhage. In Thailand, the leaves are used to cataplasm to stem

external haemorrhage. In Guatemala, microbiological investigations carried out in alcoholic

10
extracts of Chromolaena odorata L extracts indicated the antimicrobial activities. (Meutia

Zahara 2019 Description of Chromolaena odorata L. R.M King and H. Robinson as medicinal

plant: A Review)

Self-looking good is very important to many people, including keeping your skin looking

good as much as possible. That is why there is a big debate on which lotions have the most

moisture. Of course everyone wants to know; especially woman. For our experiment, we decided

to use lotion 1 and lotion 2. In our hypothesis we came up with saying that lotion 1 retains the

most moisture because it is the most popular brand and most expensive. We came up with that

certain ingredient that make peoples skin very soft is organic body butter. Organic body butter is

a very rich ingredient that deeply moisturize your skin. Once we found out our two brands

named lotions that we were going to compare against each other, we had to gather all of our

materials needed to experiment. The things that we needed to do this project were; filter paper

that’s about 7 centimetre wide, triple-beam balance, water, graduated cylinder, 3 jars with crew

tops, Mason jar lids that fir on top of the jars, and two brand named hand creams that we chose.

When we finally got all of our materials we, laid them all out in front of us. For our procedures,

we laid out our two jars right in front of us in a line. Then we poured 118 millilitres of water in

each of the jars .as we finished filling the jars with water, we put 1 teaspoon of the lotion 1 on

the filter paper. Then we weigh the paper and cream on the triple-beam balance. After weighing

it, put the filter paper with the lotion on top of one of the jars filled with water; make sure that

the lotion side was facing up. Then screw the Mason jar lid on top of the jar to hold the filter

paper in place. After doing all this for the lotion 1lotion. You must repeat the same process for

lotion 2, you flip both jars with water and the lotion n top upside down, so that the water in

touching the filter paper. After we have done so, we put the jars on a shelf so they could sit for

11
about a day. The next day we came back to look at the jars and we noticed that the water levels

were noticeably different from where we left them. Since they were different we measured the

remaining amount of water that was left in the jars accuracy. The brand named skin lotion that

absorbed the most water was the lotion that retains the most moisture for your skin. For our

results, we came with that our hypotheses was refuted. Just because the lotion 1 is more popular

and more expensive does not mean that is better quality. That was proven because after our

experiment we found out that lotion 2 absorbed the most water than lotion 1; which therefore,

makes lotion 2 the lotion that retains the most moisture and is best for your skin.

(CBARRO@HANALANI.ORC)

As stated by Norhayati (2013) Virgin Coconut oil is usually extracted from well matured

and fresh coconut through specialized processes without damaging its natural. In this work,

formulation, characterization and efficacy of VCO – SLPs were prepared using

ultrasonotification of molten stearic acid and virgin coconut oil in aqueous solution and particles

with the size of 0.608 µm have been obtained. 20% concentration of VCO-SLPs of 0.608 µm

particle size was added into the base lotion. Sensory study and skin evaluation study was

conducted to compare the differences between lotion containing VCO-SLPs and lotion with

VCO-SLPs. Moisturizing lotion incorporated with VCO-SLPs was found to increase skin

hydration and skin elasticity by 24.8% and 2.60% respectively from day 0 to day 28. This shows

that solid lipid particles has the potential to be utilized as a carrier for improved dermal delivery

of VCO.

As said by Bagajewicz, (2007) In this paper, we apply a recently developed method for

product design to the formulation of skin lotions and extend its application to consider price-

competitive markets. The method is based on the use of consumer preference functions that are

12
in turn parameters of price-demand ralations. These relationships are then embedded in a

business model that aims at determining the optimal lotion formulation from the profitability

point of view. the model allows to distinguish the formulation that leads to the consumer most

preferred skin lotion from the most profitably one in a quantitive fashion. In the latter case, the

selling price is also determined simultaneously with the optimal formulation. The example

analysed shows that the consumer most preffered lotion is not profitable, while a slightly less

preffered lotion is profitable. We then extend the new product design procedure to consider a

competitive environment in which prices of all competitors, change dynamically until

equilibrium is established.

As stated by Yeon and Chung, (2011).Use it has been found that skin care product users

are positively related to self and health consciousness. Consumers also value their state of

emotion and physical well-being. In terms of skin care products, it is one of many factors

influenced to maintain one`s need for care of general appearance

According to a pharmaceutical journal by Niha Naveed, on average women use 12 skin

care products daily, and men use 6. In relation to ethnic and skin care products, people classified

in larger ethnic group such as African American, Hispanics, and Asians tend to spend more on

personal care products

In basis of Deutsch and Gerard (1955).This following literature review will attempt to

support the hypotheses on three variables that may be related to skin care product use: normative

influence, health consciousness, and self-esteem. Normative influence normative (social)

influence is defined as “an influence to conform with the positive expectations of another”

13
 According to Kokoi (2011).In addition, reference groups such as family and friends, have

a stronger influence in the way we behave, and in our attitude

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the research design, the tools that’ll be used for the research, the

procedures to be done and the treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study uses a descriptive correlational design with the use of experimental method. It

is descriptive as it describe the level of viscosity and smell also the level of moisture on skin. It is

correlational because it defines the significant differences from the Home made body lotion to

commercial lotion.

Population and Locale

The school that the researchers will conduct the study is where the researchers are

studying. This school is now having the name Manabo National High School situated at

barangay San Jose Sur Manabo, Abra. It is headed by the Principal Memory O. Batondo. The

said school has a thousand population and has a 52 teachers.

14
Data Gathering Tools

The questionnaire will be the major instrument used in this study. The questionnaire that

was used in this study was designed to obtain information on the potential of the Siam weed

extract as an alternative essential oil for homemade body lotion. In making the homemade body

lotion you just need a leaves of Siam Weed or “wellawel”, coconut oil, Purico, cassava starch,

and vanilla. In order to make the product you will be needing preparation bowl, mixing bowl,

measuring cup and spoons, hand mixer, rubber scraper and container.

Data Gathering Process

Gather Siam weed leaves then rinse it with clean water, after it, chop the leaves finely

and squeeze the juice using a clean cloth then set it aside. First, do “mise in place” which means

arrange the ingredients in order places. In a mixing bowl put the purico or lard then whip it until

it has a creamy outlook after that, add the coconut oil then continue whipping. As you whip the

mixture add the wellawel extract, Vanilla extract, and the cassava starch. Continue whipping

until the ingredients are blended well. Put the finished product in pasteurized container.

The researchers will provide the questionnaire that will be answered by them. The

handling of questionnaire will be done personally by the researchers and facilitated by the

retrieval of responses.

Sampling Techniques

Purposive Sampling will be used in this study, for, using this technique, the researchers

could make the use of all data efficient. The respondents will be selected based on the judgment

of who has the best qualify in answering the specific questions of the research. Best qualifiers

were respondents who actually conscious about their skin.

15
Treatment of Data

For the interpretation of data, t-test will be used. T-test is a type of inferential statistics

used to determine if there is a significant differences between the means of two groups, which

may be related in certain features. The researchers chose to use the T-test to compare the product

to the other branded product to check if there are differences of comparison, by using T-test the

researchers will test the fragrance and the effectiveness of its moisturizer.

For the interpretation of the mean the following range will be used

a. for viscosity

Range of Mean Descriptive rating

3.26-4.00 Very high

2.56-3.25 High

1.75-2.55 Low

1.00-1.75 Very Low

b. for smell

Range of Mean Descriptive rating

3.26-4.00 Highly Odorous
2.56-3.25 Moderately odorous
1.75-2.55 Slightly odorous
1.00-1.75 Odourless

c. Moisture

Range of Mean Number of hours

3.26-4.00 4 hours
2.56-3.25 8 hours
1.75-2.55 12 hours
1.00-1.75 24 hours

16
 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter represents presentation analysis and interprets the data that gave the

researchers a wide range of understanding and resolves the problems raised in this study. The

presentation of the results was done in a tabular and textual form.

Table 1. Viscosity of Homemade Body lotion

Viscosity X VD

a. ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava starch, 2 teaspoon 2.5 LV

vanilla extract, ½ cup siam weed extract

b. 2 cup lard or 85 gram of lard , 1 ½ tablespoon coconut oil , 3 teaspoon 3.37 VHV

cassava starch , 1/8 cup siam weed extract

Legend: VHV- Very High Viscosity; LV- Low Viscosity

Table 1 shows the mean and the verbal description of the two treatment by its viscosity. It

shows that the first treatment (a. ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava starch,

2 teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ cup siam weed extract) has a mean of 2.5 and has a verbal

description of LV or low viscosity while the second treatment (b. 2 cup lard or 85 gram of lard, 1

½ tablespoon coconut oil , 3 teaspoon cassava starch , 1/8 cup siam weed extract) has a mean of

3.37 and a verbal description of VHV- Very High Viscosity.

17
Table 2. Smell of Homemade Body Lotion

Smell X VD

a. ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava starch, 2 3.75 HO

teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ cup siam weed extract

b. 2 cup lard or 85 gram of lard , 1 ½ tablespoon coconut oil , 3 teaspoon 3 O

cassava starch , 1/8 cup siam weed extract

Legend: HO- Highly Odorous; O-Odorous

Table 2 shows also the mean the verbal description ofvthe two treatment by its smell. Its

show the first treatment which is (a ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava

starch, 2 teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ cup siam weed extract) with a mean of 3.75 and has a verbal

description of HO or Highly Odorous while the second treatment (2 cup lard or 85 gram of lard ,

1 ½ tablespoon coconut oil , 3 teaspoon cassava starch , 1/8 cup siam weed extract) with a mean

of 3 and has a verbal description of O or Odorous.

Table 3. Moisture of Homemade Body Lotion

Moisture X VD

a. ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava starch, 2 5.5 6 Hours

teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ cup siam weed extract

b. 2 cup lard or 85 gram of lard , 1 ½ tablespoon coconut oil , 3 teaspoon 10.5 10 Hours

cassava starch , 1/8 cup siam weed extract

Table 3 shows the mean and verbal description of the two treatment by its moisture.it

shows that the first treatment(a. ½ cup lard, 2 tablespoon coconut oil, 4 teaspoon cassava starch,

18
2 teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ cup siam weed extract) has a mean of 5.5 and has a verbal

description of 6 hours while the second treatment (b. 2 cup lard or 85 gram of lard , 1 ½

tablespoon coconut oil , 3 teaspoon cassava starch , 1/8 cup siam weed extract) has a mean of

10.5 and has a verbal description of 10 hours

Table 4. Summary of means for the Potential of Siam Weed or wellawel extract as an

alternative essential oil for Homemade Body Lotion.

PROPERTIES Means VD
C NC
Viscosity 2.75 2.21 L

Smell 2.87 1.96 SO

Total means: 2.44 L

Legend: L-Low; SO- Slightly Odorous

Table 4 shows the mean and verbal description of commercial and non – commercial

lotion by its viscosity and smell. Commercial lotion has a mean of 2.75 and has a verbal

description of L or Low while the non-commercial lotion has a mean of 1.96 and has a verbal

decription of SO or slightly odorous.

Table 5. T-test. MEAN OF THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF COMMERCIAL

LOTION BY ITS SMELL AND VISCOSITY

C Mean Variance Pt1 t-stat Tc1

19
 Smell 2.87 0.46 0.004 3.13 1.78

Viscosity 2.75 0.42 0.05 1.66 1.76

Table 5 shows the mean, variance, Pt1,t-stat and Tc1 of commercial lotion by its smell

and viscosity . The column one contains the smell, it has a mean of 2.87, Variance of 0.46, Pt1 of

0.004. t-stat of 3.31 and has a Tcl of 1.78 while the last column includes the viscosity that has a

mean of 2.75, Variance of 0.42, Pt1 of 0.05, t-stat of 1.66 and has a Tc1 of 1.76.

Table 6. T-test. MEAN OF THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF NON-

COMMERCIAL LOTION BY ITS SMELL AND VISCOSITY

NC Mean Variance Pt1 t-stat Tc1

Smell 1.96 0.20

Viscosity 2.21 0.38

Table 6 shows the mean and variance of non-commercial lotion by its smell and

viscosity. For the smell it has a mean of 1.96 and has a variance of 0.20 while the viscosity has a

mean of 2.21 and has a variance of 0.38.

Table 7. T- test SUMMARY FOR THE LEVEL OF ACCEPTANCE OF NON-

COMMERCIAL AND COMMERCIAL LOTION BY ITS SMELL AND VISCOSITY

Properties Means D T-stat T-crit T-prob Decision

20
 C NC

Smell 2.87 1.96 0.91 3.13 1.78 0.004 Rejected/No

significant

Viscosity 2.75 2.21 0.54 1.66 1.76 0.05 Accepted/significant

Table 7 This table summarize the level of acceptance of non-commercial and commercial

lotion by its smell and viscosity.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

21
 This chapter presents the summary of the study, the prominent findings that were drawn

from the findings as well as the recommendation offered by the researcher.

Summary

This study aimed to conclude the significant differences between the qualities of Siam

weed (Chromolaena Odorata) Homemade Body Lotion from other lotions in terms of smell,

viscosity, and moisture on skin. The respondents of this study is the researchers also which

consist of 8 students from TVL 12 Ruby from Manabo National High School.

The proponents applied the descriptive correlational with experimental method of

research. Since it endeavours to find the significant differences of the 2 recipes of homemade

body lotion made, the experimental method was used.

Data collected was treated statistically using the weighted mean to describe the level of

qualities as to viscosity, smell, and moisture of the Siam weed (Chromolaena odoarata)

homemade body lotion.

In terms of smell the homemade body lotion has no significant from other branded lotions

while on viscosity, the homemade body lotion has a significant from other branded lotions.

Findings

Based on the data collected, it was found out that:

1. In the data, it explains that the respondents has accepted the viscosity of the two

treatment with a description of Low Viscosity and the smell with Slightly Odorous

2. In the T-test, the researchers computed the means, it explains that the viscosity of the

non-commercial lotion is accepted while the smell is rejected by the respondents

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Conclusions:

Based on the data gathered, the following conclusions were made:

1. The Siam Weed (Chromolaena Odorata) Wellawel Extract homemade body lotion has

the same pleasing smell with branded lotions

2. The viscosity of the Siam Weed (Chromolaena Odorata) Wellawel Extract homemade

body lotion is accepted

Recommendations:

1. The homemade body lotion’s smell is not accepted and can be improve by using other

extract

2. The production of the homemade body lotion is recommended any local community as a

food form of liable products

3. The homemade body lotion is recommended in the production of lotion

4. Further, this research can be improve and recommended to the future researchers.

References

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Journals:

McDonald. Michel –July2009- “what’s the difference between an ointment. A cream and a
Lotion?” ABC News. Retrieved 2 January 2016

^ a b Remington, Joseph Price -2006-, Paul –ed.- Remington: The Science and Practice of
Pharmacy-21st ed.-.Lippincont Williams and wilkins. P. 772 ISBN 978-0781746731.

^”Soap and lotions” U.S Food and drug Administration. Retrieved 2 January 2016

Sirinthipaporn A and Jiraungkoorskul W 2017 Wound healing property review of Siam Weed,
Chromolaena odorata L. Pharmacogn Rev. 11(21) pp 35-38
“Chromolaena odorata” Flora of North America

Meutia Zahara 2019 Description of Chromolaena odorata L. R.M King and H. Robinson as
medicinal plant: A Review
Websites:

CBARRO@HANALANI.ORG

bartleby.com

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