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Senior Inter Chemistry

Surface Chemistry
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4 Marks Questions
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Q: Give any 4 applications of Adsorption.
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A: Removal of colouring matter from solutions by animal Charcoal.
★ In froth flotation process.
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★ In controlling humidity by Silica gel (or)alumina gel.
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★ In the separation of Noble gases from their mixture on activated Charcoal at
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different temperatures.

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Q: Give any 4 applications of Colloids.
A: In the purification of drinking water by coagulation of suspended impurities by

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alum.
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★ Hardening of skin (tanning) by soaking animal skin in tannin or in Chromium
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salt.
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★ Colloidal medicines like argyrol is (a silver sol) used as eye lotion, colloidal

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antimony is used in curing Kalaazar.

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★ In cleansing action of soaps and detergents.t
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Q: What is catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give 2 examples for each type.

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A: The phenomenon of changing the rate of a chemical reaction by a substance

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(without consuming) is known as catalysis.

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Catalysis can be classified into

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1. Homogeneous Catalysis: The phenomenon of catalysis in which the catalyst
and the reactants are in the same phase.
w NO (g)
2 CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g)
NO (g)
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g)

R-3-12-14
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2. Heterogeneous Catalysis: The phenomenon of catalysis in which the catalyst
and the reactants are in different phases.
Fe (s)
N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) → 2 NH3 (g)
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pt(s)
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g)
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Q: What are emulsions? How are they classified?
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A: The colloidal system in which dispersed phase and dispersion medium are liquids
is called emulsion.
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★ Oil in water type emulsion: The emulsion in which dispersed phase is oil
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and, dispersion medium is water.

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eg: Milk, Vanishing cream
★ Water in oil type emulsion: The emulsion in which dispersed phase is water

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and dispersion medium is oil.
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eg: Butter, Cold cream
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Q: Give 4 differences between Physical adsorption and Chemical adsorption.
A:
Physical Adsorption Chemical Adsorption
1. The accumulation 1. The accumulation
of gas on the of gas on the
surface of a solid surface of a solid
is due to weak is due to chemical
Vander Waals bonds.
forces.
2. It is multilayered. 2. It is unilayered.
3. Enthalpy of 3. Enthalpy of
adsorption is low. adsorption is high.
4. Low temperature 4. High temperature
is favoured. is favoured.

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Q: Give 4 differences between Lyophilic colloids and Lyophobic colloids.
A:
Lyophilic colloids Lyophobic colloids
1. They are formed due 1. They are formed due
to much affinity to little affinity
between dispersed between dispersed
phase and dispersion phase and dispersion
medium. medium.
2. They are reversible. 2. They are irreversible.
3. They are highly stable. 3. They are least stable.
4. They can not be 4. They can be
coagulated easily. coagulated easily.

Q: Give any 4 applications of emulsions.

A: Fats are digested in intestines due to emulsification.

★ Emulsions like lotions, creams, ointments are used as medicines.

★ Cleansing action of soaps in washing cloths is due to formation of emulsion.

★ Concentration of ores by froth flotation process.

Q: What is micelle? Explain cleaning action of Soap.

A: Colloidal sized associated particle having hydrophobic end (tail) and hydrophilic
end (head) is called micelle.

At critical micelle concentration, 'ionic COO-

micelles' are formed. In Sodium sterate COO- COO-
(soap), sterate ion has C17H35 non polar (tail)
part, which dissolves grease and polar part -OOC Oil COO-
COO− (head) attracts water to form emulsion.
By washing, spinning, soaking grease -OOC COO-

containing emulsion washes away with water. COO-

Sterate Micelle

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Q: Explain the terms
i) Tyndall effect ii) Brownian movement
iii) Coagulation iv) Electrophoresis.

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A: i) Tyndall effect: The phenomenon of scattering of light by colloidal particles in
all directions and formation of bright glowing cones is called tyndall effect.

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ii) Brownian movement: The continuous rapid Zig-Zag movement by colloidal
particles in the dispersion medium.
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iii) Coagulation: The phenomenon of lose of charge by a colloidal solution and

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coming down as precipitate on addition of electrolyte.

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iv) Electrophoresis: The phenomenon of migration of colloidal particles (+vely
charged particles towards Cathode & -vely charged particles towards Anode)

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under an applied emf to form precipitate due to lose of charge.
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Q: Explain the terms
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i) Autocatalysis ii) Gold number

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iii) Hardy - Schulze rule iv) Kraft temperature.
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A: i) Auto Catalysis: The catalysis in which one of products formed acts asn
catalyst. eg: CH3COOH
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CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH

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ii) Gold number: The mass in milligrams (of lyophilic colloid) which prevents
coagulation of 10 ml of gold sol. on adding 1 ml of 10% NaCl solution.

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iii) Hardy - Schulze rule: The coagulating ability of oppositely charged ions is

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directly proportional to the charge of coagulating ions.
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iv) Kraft temperature: The temperature above which a micelle is formed.

.e en Writer: A.N.S. Sankara Rao

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