MAPÚA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

FIELD WORK NO. 7

RADIAL TRAVERSE

COURSE AND SECTION: CE 120-02F/A1

SUBMITTED BY:

SN: 2

NAME: Tulay, Joseph Andrei Patrick I. STUDENT NUMBER: 2016141644

GROUP NO: 1 CHIEF OF PARTY: Earl Acabado

DATE OF FIELDWORK: September 27, 2019

DATE OF SUBMISSION: October 4, 2019

GRADE
SUBMITTED TO:

PROFESSOR: ENGR. BIENVENIDO CERVANTES

INTRODUCTION

Radial surveying is a term used to describe the practice of measuring an angle and distance
from a known point to tie in another point (determine coordinates for its location) or for setting
out a point at a predetermined location. Radial surveying methods can be accomplished using
various equipment combinations, but they are ideally suited for the modern total station
instrument connected with a data collector. Radial surveying techniques are also suited for the
one-person crew using a robotic total station. Each point is identified by number in the data file,
and instructions are given to the instrument in terms of commands, point numbers, and, in some
cases, attributes. If collecting data for a topographic site plan, the point numbers may be assigned
sequentially by default. In the layout mode, the operator specifies the points to be used or staked
in any order desired. In either case (collecting data or laying out points), both the point occupied
by the instrument and the backsight point must be specified by the user. (FIGURE 1.)

FIGURE 1. Radial Surveying

OBJECTIVES

 Students determine the area of a hexagonal area

 Students determine the distance and the interior angles between the lines of a hexagonal
area.

 Students be able to learn how to read the horizontal angle of a theodolite.

 Students develop skills in obtaining areas of triangles.
 Students utilize the formulas in determining the area of a triangle particularly the Heron’s
formula.
 Students to improve skills in using trigonometric functions.
 Students To development and improve one’s leadership skills by designating different
tasks in all the members of the group and by that, cooperation and oneness will be
observed and done.

INSTRUMENTS/TOOLS

 Precise Level – was used to determine the Back sight, Foresight and Height of the
Instrument
 Tripod – was used to help the Precise Level stay stabilized while measuring the said data
 Levelling Rod – was used to guide the Precise Level determine the measurements stated
 Range Pole – was used to guide the elevation of the 50m tape while measuring a 300m
distance from the Precise Level
 50m Tape – was used to measure a 300m distance from the Precise Level
 Chalk – was used as a guide in determining the points of the pentagonal land area chosen.
INSTRUCTION/PROCEDURES

1. Prepare all the materials, tools and equipment needed. Make sure that all the
equipment does not have any damage. If there is report it to the facilitator
immediately.
2. Choose a hexagonal area and mark the vertices with chalk.
3. Place the theodolite into the center point O and align it with the N-S line.
4. Have the rodman stand on point A.
5. Turn the sight of the theodolite clockwise towards point A.
6. Get the azimuth reading from the theodolite and lock the horizontal turning screw.
7. To get the distance between O and A, get the height of the instrument by reading
the measurement from the leveling rod at 90 degrees.
8. Tilt the sight upward and get the height reading and angle of elevation. Compute
for the distance using the tan function.
9. Repeat steps 4-8 but on different points.

10. Compute for the interior angles between lines.

FINAL DATA SHEET

HEIGHT HEIGH INITIAL ZENIT HOIZONTA

OF T VERTIC H L
INSTRUM AL ANGLE
EN T ANGLE

A 1.3 m 2.86 90° 87° 43°5’

x m
B 1.33 m 1.51 90° 87° 68°16’
x m
C 1.37 m 2.67 90° 87° 224°
x m
D 1.48 m 3.5 m 90° 87° 231°14’
x

E 1.53 m 2.84 90° 87° 241°8’

x m
F 1.4 m 1.845 m 90° 87° 0°15’
x
 LINE LINE
SEGMEN
T
A 29.77 m AxB=25°11’ A 26.71 m
x B
B 3.43 m BxC=155°44’ B 27.97 m
x C
C 24.81 m CxD=7°14’ C 14.27 m
x D
D 38.54 m DxE=10°14’ D 14.63 m
x E
E 25.00 m ExF=-241°13’ E 30.02 m
x F
F 8.49 m FxA=-42°30’ F 24.20 m
x A

TRIANG SIDES (in meters) HALF AREA

LE PERIME (in
TER squar
(in e
meters) meters
)
a b c

ΔI 29.77 3.43 26.17 29.96 22.15

ΔII 3.43 24.81 27.97 28.12 18.57

ΔIII 24.81 38.54 14.27 38.81 38.81

ΔIV 38.54 25 14.63 39.09 86.02

ΔV 25 8.49 30.02 31.76 93.24

ΔVI 8.49 29.77 24.20 31.23 85.38

TOTAL 344.2
AREA 3

DISCUSSION
 In this fieldwork, we tasked mark the biggest possible hexagonal lot at parking lot in
Mapua University. Unlike in azimuth traverse, we stabilize the theodolite in the middle of
portion of hexagonal lot for getting the azimuth length, radial length, and bearing. We set-up the
theodolite in 90 degrees angle in the first reading of each station, then read the height of the
instrument in the leveling rod. After reading, we set-up the theodolite in different angle like we
did, the set-up of angle was 87 degrees and determine the height of instrument in this set-up.

After the second set-up, we obtained the values by measuring length of all vertices of
each station that needed for computing the area of hexagonal lot then we proceeded creating a
diagonal line to create a triangle to inscribe the hexagonal lot for computing the area. After then,
we use of cosine law to computing the bearing for each side of triangles. Lastly, we used the
Heron’s formula in computing the area of each triangles and sum up of all area we obtained the
total area.

One major issue experienced was the setting up of direction before getting the azimuths.
We experienced difficulty in fixing our assembled azimuths and we inevitably understood that
our direction was not set up appropriately. This gave disarray while we were getting for the
length of the sides which postponed us in processing for the completion of the fieldwork.
CONCLUSION

The radial survey is more convenient for surveyor/engineers to get the area of particular lot
because the technique of use by putting in the middle and measuring the length of each station
and bearing, the area of the lot will obtain. Radial surveying techniques are also suited for the
one-person crew using a robotic total station. Each point is identified by number in the data file,
and instructions are given to the instrument in terms of commands, point numbers, and, in some
cases, attributes. If collecting data for a topographic site plan, the point numbers may be assigned
sequentially by default. In the layout mode, the operator specifies the points to be used or staked
in any order desired.

For this experiment we successful obtained of objectives in this fieldwork, the students
determine the distance and the interior angles between the lines of a hexagonal area, getting the
bearing of a lot and, determine the area each triangles and, computing the error of this fieldwork.

The sources of error are, the land is not perfectly leveled, the marking pins or chalk is not
applicable in the grassy and muddy ground, and the equipment is old. On the location where the
field work is done, the ground is not leveled which we find it difficult to set the pins because the
ground has grasses in it. We also experienced sticking the poles so that we were able to see
where the set of points are marked. To less the errors stated above, suggestion is that avoid all
the errors stated in this paragraph. This field work is applicable in real life where surveyor team
will measure the location with a very huge area and given by the triangle formulas they will be
able to find the specified distance whether they will divide the area into a mall, park or anything.

RECOMMENDATION

It is recommended to have patience in doing the field work because this field work has so
much part and a lot to be done. Moreover, this fieldwork required teamwork and good planning
for the students to work fast and less time consuming.
DOCUMENTATION