Phonetic or Phonemic Transcription?

– Glossary of Terms
 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), or simply Phonetic Alphabet, is an
alphabet-based system of phonetic notation, or visual representation of speech
sounds. In IPA generally, each sound is represented by one phonetic symbol. It
serves perfectly as a pronunciation guide for language learners. Read more
about IPA on Wikipedia.
 A phoneme is the smallest part of a word that can change the word's meaning
when it changes. For example, if you substitute the sound /m/ in the word mill /ˈmɪl/
for /k/, the meaning changes. The word becomes kill /ˈkɪl/. Both sounds /m/ and /k/
are phonemes. Read more about phonemes on Wikipedia.
 Phonological awareness is the ability of a listener to recognize the sound structure
of words. It is a key skill to learn a new language. Read more about phonological
awareness on Wikipedia.
 Phonemic awareness is the ability of a listener to hear, identify and
manipulate phonemes. Individuals with this skill can learn correct
pronunciation. Read more about phonemic awareness on Wikipedia.
 Phonemic transcription is a type of phonetic transcription that uses fewer
phonetic symbols – only one for each phoneme. For example, the double "tt" in the
word "bottle" can be pronounced differently by native speakers: as [t] or [ɾ]. In IPA,
the word would be written as ['bɔtl] or ['bɔɾl]. But since it is still the same phoneme,
in the phonemic transcription it will be written as /t/ – /'bɔtl/.
 Phonetic spelling is an ambiguous term. Some people use it to describe a form of
phonetic transcription for native speakers. For example, the word "phonetics" can
be phonetically spelled as /fuh-nEt-iks/. Sometimes this term describes a way to
confirm the spelling of a word by pronouncing each letter as a word using NATO
phonetic alphabet. For example, for "John" you would say "J for Juliet, O for Oscar,
H for Hotel, N for November". Read more about NATO phonetic alphabet in
Wikipedia.
 Phonetic transcription is the visual representation of speech sounds. There are
different types of phonetic transcription. The most popular system, IPA, uses one
phonetic symbol for each sound. For example, the English word "hello" is written as
"[həˈloʊ]". Other types of phonetic transcription may use different symbols. The
same word "hello" in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is written as "\hə-ˈlō\". Read
more about phonetic transcription on Wikipedia.
 Phonetics is a science that studies the sounds of human speech. Read more
about phonetics on Wikipedia.
 Phonology is a branch of phonetics that studies systems of phonemes in
particular languages. Read more about phonology on Wikipedia.
 Stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain sounds or syllables in
a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence.