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01 - Slide Capsules PDF
01 - Slide Capsules PDF
01 - Slide Capsules PDF
• Capsules are solid dosage form that contains one or more medicinal
• Hard and soft gelatin capsules or inert substances contained in a shell most properly made of
gelatin.
• Different sizes of capsules • There are two types :
• Filling of capsules Hard gelatin capsules ( two piece).
4- drying 6- Trimming
-The racks of gelatin coated pin passes through the upper and lower kilns of - The firmly held two portions of capsule rotates against knife blade which cut
trim them to the required length.
machine drying system.
- Gentle moving air of controlled temperature, humidity and volume removes 7- Joining
the required amount of moisture from the two halves of capsule. - The cap and body are then aligned concentrically in channels and slowly and
smoothly pushed together.
5- Stripping
- The and body are now joined to form the capsule which is then ejected.
- A series of bronze jaws strip out the caps and bodies from the pins and pass it
The entire cycle takes about 45 min , two thirds of which is in the drying
to the trimming stage.
chamber.
Properties of EHGC Assessment of Good flow properties
• Angle of repose:
• Should exhibit water content 13 – 16% w/w.
- The angle that the powder makes with the horizontal plane.
- Water act as plasticizer to ensure the mechanical properties of capsule. - If the angle of repose exceeds 50˚ the flow properties is poor.
- Angle of repose 25 ˚ is suitable.
- If lower water content , it will become brittle and crack.
- Higher angle of repose requires the use of glidant.
- If excessive water content, it will undergo plastic flow upon exposure to stress • Torque rheometry:
and loose its shape, becoming soft. - stress is applied to the powder and the rate of shear is determined to cause
deformation. The powder of high cohesion requires high shear strength to
- Water soluble at 37 ˚C and insoluble below 30 ˚C and absorb water. initiate and maintain flow.
• Carr’s Compressibility index
• Hausner’s ratio
• Should be stored in a sealed container at room temperature at -The density of the powder before shaking to the density after shaking.
controlled humidity of 30% - 45%. - 1.2 is acceptable but if exceed 1.6 it will be unsuitable for capsule filling.
Lubricant Reduce the adhesion to metal dossator - Mg Stearate gelatin have been manipulated by addition of a plasticizer ( glycerol,
and to metal of machine.
Glidant Reduce the interparticle attraction to - Talc polyhydric alcohols as sorbitol) resulting in more flexible capsule.
provide powder flow. - Aerosil
Disintegrant To break the powder mass following - Maize Starch – crospovidone
release into the stomach. - Microcrystaline cellulose • Soft gelatin capsules SGC may have a various shapes and sizes.
Surface active To enhance wettability - Sod lauryl sulphate
agent
Protective sorbent To prevent absorption of moisture by - Mg Oxide
hygroscopic materials - Ca Carbonate
Antidusting To prevent dusting of powder - Inert edible oil
Advantages of softgels Disadvantages of Softgels
• Requires special manufacturing equipment.
1. Patient compliance: easy to sallow, no taste, tamper proof, unitdose delivery.
• Stability issues for water soluble drugs.
2. Versatile: filled as semisolid, liquid, gel or paste. Various colours, shapes, sizes.
3. Improved bioavailability: immediate or delayed by delivering drug in solution. • Possibility of interactions between liquid and gelatin shell.
4. Improve stability: drug is protected by lipophilic vehicle and capsule shell. • Limited choices for excipients.
5. Liquid flow in filling is more precise than powder flow. No dust. Homogeneity. • Highly moisture sensitive.
6. Can be enteric coated for delayed release.
• Improper storage conditions may make the capsules too soft or too
• Methy paraben, propyl paraben, sod sulfite may be used as preservative.
hard and embrittled.