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Psycholinguistics: Speech Production
Psycholinguistics: Speech Production
SPEECH
PRODUCTION
Speech
production
Speech
production
Conceptualization
Formulation
◦ Grammatical
encoding
(syntax
&
lexical
items)
◦ Phonological
encoding
(phonetic
form)
Execution
◦ articulation
(Levelt 1989)
Speech
errors
1901
Sigmund
Freud:
The
Psychopathology
of
Everyday
Life
◦ Substitution
of
words
◦ Source:
repressed,
unconscious
desires
◦ Questioned
“whether
the
mechanisms
of
this
(speech)
disturbance
cannot
also
suggest
the
probable
laws
of
the
formation
of
speech.”
Later/additional
research:
◦ characteristics
of
slips
result
from
the
information-‐processing
requirements
of
producing
language
◦ slips
tell
us
about
language
structure
and
use
Lexical
bias
effect:
phonological
errors
give
rise
to
real
words
more
often
than
predicted
by
chance
>>Feedback
in
the
system
How
can
we
study
errors?
Not
*that*
common
(.1-‐.2%)
◦ Garnham et
al.
(1981)
Fromkin (1971)
Function
Meaning
Syntactic
Intonation
Content
Phonetic
words
&
identified frame contour words segments
affixes
Parallel
models
Levelt (1989)
◦ Conceptualization
◦ Formulation
◦ Grammatical
encoding
(syntax
&
lexical
items)
◦ Phonological
encoding
(phonetic
form)
◦ Articulation