Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cover PR TM4030 Problematika Produksi
Cover PR TM4030 Problematika Produksi
PROBLEMATIKA PRODUKSI
PR #1
2020
1. Turner Equation
The general free settling velocity equation:
2 g m p ( ρ p−ρ)
V t=
√ ρ p ρ Ap Cd
Since the surface tension of the liquid phase acts to draw the drop into spheroidal
shape, it can be written in terms of the drop “diameter”:
d ( ρl −ρg )
V t =6.55
√ ρg Cd
A relationship between the maximum drop diameter and the velocity of a liquid drop
can be written:
30 σ gc
dm=
ρ g V 2t
1.3 σ 1/ 4 ( ρl−ρ g )1 /4
V t=
C 1/d 4 ρ1/g 2
Equation above requires a knowledge of the interfacial tension and the drag
coefficient.
Based on the drop size prediction of equation maximum drop diameter. This is the
range where the drag coefficient is relatively constant at a value of 0.44. If this value
is used, and the coefficient is corrected to allow the use of the values of surface
tension in dynes per centimeter, The equation becomes:
17.6 σ 1/ 4 ( ρl− ρg )1 /4
V t=
ρ1g/2
Equation above may be used to calculate the minimum gas flow velocity necessary to
remove liquid drops.
2. Li Min Equation
Critical gas rate equation :
σ ( ρl−ρ g)
V t =2.5
√ ρ2g
σ ( ρ l−ρ g)
V t =2.32
√ ρ2g
4. New Model by Ruiqing Ming and Huiqun He ( Transient and Turbulent Flow )
1
σ ( ρl− ρg )
V t =B
( ρ2g ) 4
1
0.1 sinβ+ cosβ
B=4.5 ( Cd ) 4
References
Turner, R. G., Hubbard, M. G., Dukler, A.E.: Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow
Rate for Continuous Removal of Liquids from Gas Wells, SPE 2198, SPE Gas Tech.
Symposium ( 1969 )
Nagoo,A.S.: Gas Velocity-Based Lift Curves for Quantifying Lost Liquids Production in Oil
-Rich Permian and Delaware Basin Horizontal Gas Wells, SPE-191772-MS,SPE Liquids-
Rich Basin Conferences
LI Min, SUN Lei and LI Shi-lun. A new unloading model for gas[J]. Natrual Gas Industry,
2001, 21(5): 61-63(in Chinese).
WANG Li-yang, ZHENG Zhi-chu. Numerical and experimental study on liquid-solid flow in
a hydrocyclone[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2009, 21( 3): 408-414.