INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL

ESIQIE

DIQI

PRACTICAS DEL LABORATORIO DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA Y

ELECTRÓNICA.

PRACTICA N°7
CIRCUITOS RLC DE CORRIENTE ALTERNA
ALTERNA

PRACTICA N° 7
CIRCUITOS RLC DE CORRIENTE ALTERNA
PRACTICA No. 7
OBJETIVO GENERAL
Al términ !" l# $r%&ti&# "l #l'mn '(i&#r# ")$"rim"nt#lm"nt" l*
&ir&'it* "lé&tri&* "n *"ri"+ $#r#l"l , mi)t*+ &n !i*$*iti-*
r"*i*ti-*+ in!'&ti-* , &#$#&iti-*+ $r l &'#l "* im$rt#nt" &n&"r
"l 'n&in#mi"nt !" l* mi*m* , &m *" &m$rt#n+ #!"m%*
m"!ir% *'* -lt#/"*+ -#lr"* !" l#* r"*i*t"n&i#* " int"n*i!#!"* !"
&rri"nt"+ "n &rri"nt" #lt"rn#.

0#n"/#r &ir&'it* RLC &n &rri"nt" #lt"rn#+ (*"r-#n! l#*

int"r#&&in"* !" l* !i*$*iti-*+ t#m(ién ""&t'#r# l#* m"!i&in"*
&rr"*$n!i"nt"* $#r# (t"n"r l* -#lr"* ")$"rim"nt#l"* ,
&m$#r#rl* &n l* -#lr"* t"1ri&*.

MATERIAL EMPLEADO

#2 3 r"*i*t"n&i#* 456666 + 8666+ 5666+ 396+ # 8 :#tt*2

(2 Un# '"nt" !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn# r";'l#!# !" 6<587 =lt*.
&2 0'lt>m"tr !i;it#l.
!2 Un# t#(l# !" $"r&"l !" ?6 ) ?6 &m
"2 86 &#im#n"*
2 Un &#$#&itr !" 9@ # 36 = !" C.A.
;2 56 #$#t#* !" (#'"lit# &n *'* r"*$"&ti-* trnill* , t'"r&#*.
2 Un &#'t>n !" $'nt#.
i2 Sl!#!'r# , $#*t# $#r# *l!#r

CONSIDERACIONES TEÓRICAS
L* &ir&'it* !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn# 4C.A.2 *" '*#n "n l* *i*t"m#* !"
!i*tri('&i1n !" "n"r;># "lé&tri&#+ $#r# #lim"nt#r r#!i*+ t"l"-i*in"* ,
tr* !i*$*iti-* !" &m'ni&#&i1n+ #*> &m 'n# #m$li# -#ri"!#! !"
mtr"* "lé&tri&*. El &#liF&#ti- #lt"rn# *i;niF&# '" l# &rri"nt"
&#m(i# !" !ir"&&i1n+ #lt"rn#n! $"ri1!i&#m"nt" "n 'n# !ir"&&i1n , "n
tr#. Pr l ;"n"r#l *" tr#(#/#n &rri"nt"* '" -#r>#n "n rm# *"ni!#l.
S" *#(" '" t#nt l# "m &m l# &rri"nt" $r!'&i!# -#r>#n !" m!
*in'*i!#l "n "l ti"m$ $r l '" *" "*t#(l"&" '" ")i*t#n -#lr"* !"
r"&'"n&i# #n;'l#r !" l# '"nt" !" "m !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn#. S" !i&" '"
!* &#nti!#!"* &m &rri"nt" , !i"r"n&i# !" $t"n&i#l+ "*t%n "n #*" *i
#l&#n#n *'* -#lr"* $i& #l mi*m ti"m$.
C'#n! *" 'tili#n in!'&tr"* *" $'"!" (t"n"r 'n# &#nti!#! ll#m#!#
r"#&t#n&i# !"l in!'&tr+ l# 'ni!#! "n "l *i*t"m# int"rn#&in#l !" l#
r"#&t#n&i# "* "l m+ l# r"#&t#n&i# !" 'n "l"m"nt !" &ir&'it "* 'n#
PRACTICA No. 7
m"!i!# !" *' $*i&i1n #l '/ !" l# &rri"nt" #lt"rn#+ l# r"#&t#n&i#
int"r-i"n" "n 'n &ir&'it !" C.A. &m l# r"*i*t"n&i# "n C.D. L#
r"#&t#n&i# !" 'n "l"m"nt $r$r&in# l# !i"r"n&i# !" $t"n&i#l '" *"
!"(" #$li&#r $#r# $r!'&ir l# 'ni!#! !" &rri"nt" # tr#-é* !"l &ir&'it #
'n# r"&'"n&i# !#!#.
L# Ley de Ohm t#m(ién "* #$li&#(l" "n l* &ir&'it* r"*i*ti-* $'r*+
'tili#n! l* -#lr"* in*t#nt%n"* !" t"n*i1n , &rri"nt". L# &rri"nt"
-#r># t#m(ién !" rm# *"ni!#l &n l# mi*m# #*" '" l# t"n*i1n 4n
#, !"*$l##mi"nt "ntr" l# &'r-# !" t"n*i1n , &rri"nt" &'#n! "l
&ir&'it "* r"*i*ti- $'r2.

En rm# #*ri#l *" -"n l* -"&tr"* *(r" 'n# mi*m# l>n"# 4*in 'n
%n;'l !" !"*#*#/"2.

IMPEDANCIA (Z)
En &rri"nt" #lt"rn#+ l# r"*i*t"n&i# #l $#* !" l# &rri"nt" *" !"nmin#
im$"!#n&i# , *" r"$r"*"nt# m"!i#nt" 'n nHm"r &m$l"/+ t"ni"n!
'n# $#rt" r"#l 4!"$"n!i"n! !"l -#lr !" R2 , tr# im#;in#ri# 4'"
!"$"n!" !" l* -#lr"* !" l#* r"#&t#n&i#* !" &#$#&itr"* " in!'&tr"*2.
En l* &ir&'it* r"*i*ti-* $'r* 4*l r"*i*t"n&i#*2 l# im$"!#n&i# *1l
ti"n" $#rt" r"#l+ '" "* i;'#l # l# R.
Z = R  !"
En rm# $l#r l# ")$r"*#m* &m

 Z = R

REACTANCIA INDUCTIVA
PRACTICA No. 7
En &rri"nt" #lt"rn# 'n in!'&tr t#m(ién $r"*"nt# 'n# r"*i*t"n&i# #l
$#* !" l# &rri"nt" !"nmin#!# r"#&t#n&i# in!'&ti-#. L# mi*m# *"
&#l&'l# &m
JL K  L

 K ="l&i!#! #n;'l#r K 8 M  r#!*";.

L K In!'&t#n&i# 4"nri*2
JL K R"#&t#n&i# in!'&ti-# 4 Ω2

ANGULO ENTRE LA TENSI#N $ LA CORRIENTE

En l* &ir&'it* in!'&ti-* $'r*+ l# t"n*i1n *(r" "l in!'&tr *"
"n&'"ntr# #!"l#nt#!# 6 ;r#!* *(r" l# &rri"nt".

IMPEDANCIA
En &ir&'it* in!'&ti-* $'r* "*t% rm#!# Hni&#m"nt" $r l# r"#&t#n&i#
in!'&ti-#.
En rm# $l#r l# ")$r"*#m* &m "l m1!'l !"  , 6 ;r#!* !"
!"*#*"

Z = %L
REACTANCIA CAPACITIVA
En &rri"nt" #lt"rn# l* &ir&'it* *" &m$rt#n !" 'n# m#n"r# !i*tint#
r"&i"n! 'n# r"*i*t"n&i# !"nmin#!# r"#&t#n&i# &#$#&iti-#+ '"
!"$"n!" !" l# &#$#&i!#! , !" l# r"&'"n&i#.
R"#&t#n&i# C#$#&iti-#
L# r"#&t#n&i# &#$#&iti-# "* 'n&i1n !" l# -"l&i!#! #n;'l#r 4$r l t#nt
!" l# r"&'"n&i#2 , !" l# &#$#&i!#!.

PRACTICA No. 7
& = Ve'od*d *+,-'* = /01 
C = C*2*d*d
% = Re*3*+* C*2*34*
P!"m* -"r "n l# 1rm'l# '" # m#,r r"&'"n&i# "l &#$#&itr $r"*"nt#
m"n* r"*i*t"n&i# #l $#* !" l# *"#l.

IMPEDANCIA
L# im$"!#n&i# tt#l !" 'n &ir&'it &#$#&iti- $'r* "*t% rm#!#
Hni&#m"nt" $r l# r"#&t#n&i# &#$#&iti-# 4J&2+ !"(i! # '" n ti"n"
$#rt" r"#l R.

En rm# $l#r l# ")$r"*#m* &m

CIRCUITOS RLC EN SERIE

E*t* &ir&'it* &n*i*t"n "n 'n r"*i*tr+ 'n in!'&tr , 'n &#$#&itr "n
*"ri" &n 'n# '"nt" !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn#+ "l $r(l"m# "* !"t"rmin#r l#
&rri"nt" in*t#nt%n"# , *' r"l#&i1n !" #*" &n l# !i"r"n&i# !" $t"n&i#l
*'mini*tr#!# l# &rri"nt" in*t#nt%n"# "* l# mi*m# "n t!* l* $'nt*
!"l &ir&'it+ "n "l in*t#nt" !"*&rit *" *'$n" '" l# &rri"nt" "*t#
#'m"nt#n!.
C#!# términ !" l# *'m# !" l#* !i"r"n&i#* !"l $t"n&i#l !" &#!#
"l"m"nt ti"n" 'n# #*" !i*tint# r"*$"&t # l# &rri"nt"+ $r l '" *"
r"l#&in#n (t"ni"n! l# *'m# -"&tri#l !" l* #*r"* !" !i"r"n&i# !"
$t"n&i#l.
Un# -" (t"ni!# l# !i"r"n&i# !" $t"n&i#l , &n l# &rri"nt" !#!#
(t"n"m* l# im$"!#n&i# !"l &ir&'it "n *"ri"+ l# &'#l "* l# r"*i*t"n&i#
m"!i# &'#!r%ti&#+ 4&#l&'l#!# m"!i#nt" 'n #n%li*i* -"&tri#l 'tili#n! "l
#*r !" &rri"nt" , l* #*r"* !" l# !i"r"n&i# !" $t"n&i#l !"l r"*i*tr+
PRACTICA No. 7
&#$#&itr " in!'&tr2 l# 'ni!#! !" l# im$"!#n&i# "* "l m+ &#("
!"*t#&#r '" l# im$"!#n&i# "* 'n# 'n&i1n !" l# r"&'"n&i#.
En 'n &ir&'it "lé&tri& l# "n"r;># *" *'mini*tr# $r l# '"nt" !" "m
#lm#&"n#!# $r l* "l"m"nt* &#$#&iti-* " in!'&ti-* , *" !i*i$# "n l*
"l"m"nt* r"*i*ti-*+ l# &n*"r-#&i1n !" l# "n"r;># r"'i"r" '" "n 'n
ti"m$ "n $#rti&'l#r+ l# -"l&i!#! # l# '" *" *'mini*tr# l# "n"r;># $r l#
'"nt" !" l# "m !"(" *"r i;'#l # l# -"l&i!#! # l# &'#l *" #lm#&"n" "n
l* "l"m"nt* &#$#&iti-* " in!'&ti-* m#* l# -"l&i!#! # l# '" *"
!i*i$# "n l* "l"m"nt* r"*i*ti-*.
L# "n"r;># !i*i$#!# "n "l r"*i*tr '&tH# &n "l ti"m$+ !" i;'#l m!
'" &n l* "l"m"nt* &#$#&iti-* " in!'&ti-*+ "n l# m#,r># !" l*
&#** !" &rri"nt"* #lt"rn#* n m"r"&" #t"n&i1n l# rm# &m -#ri# l#
$t"n&i# "n &#!# &i&l "l int"ré* $rin&i$#l "*t# "n l# $t"n&i# $rm"!i
!i*i$#!# "n &'#l'i"r &i&l "n $#rti&'l#r+ l# "n"r;># $rm"!i
#lm#&"n#!# "n l* "l"m"nt* in!'&ti-*  &#$#&iti-* $"rm#n"&"
&n*t#nt" !'r#nt" &'#l'i"r &i&l &m$l"t+ $r l '" l# "n"r;># *"
tr#n*F"r" # l* "l"m"nt* r"*i*ti-* !n!" *" !i*i$#.

CIRCUITOS RLC EN PARALELO

Sn &ir&'it* '" ti"n"n !i*$*iti-* r"*i*ti-*+ &#$#&iti-* " in!'&ti-*
&n"&t#!* "n $#r#l"l+ "n "*t* "* &n-"ni"nt" 'tili#r + *i *"
$r$r&in# l# r"&'"n&i# r!in#ri#+ "* &n-"ni"nt" tr#n*rm#rl#
'tili#n!
ω = 2π f 

"n "l 'n&in#mi"nt !" l* &ir&'it* !" C.A. *" !"(" t"n"r "n &'"nt#
'" $#r# 'n r"*i*tr l* -lt#/"* , l# &rri"nt" *i"m$r" "*t%n "n #*"+ ,
l* #*r"* &rr"*$n!i"nt"* "n 'n !i#;r#m# !" #*" ti"n"n l# mi*m#
!ir"&&i1n. P#r# 'n in!'&tr "l -lt#/" "*t# #!"l#nt#! !" l# &rri"nt" "n
6° 4K6°2+ $#r# 'n &#$#&itr "l -lt#/" "*t# #tr#*#! "n 6° 4K<6°2.
E* im$rt#nt" r"&r!#r '" "n l* &ir&'it* !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn#+ t!*
l* -lt#/"* , &rri"nt"* *n 'n&in"* *in'*i!#l"* !"l ti"m$+ "n l';#r
!" &n*t#nt"*. Pr l t#nt+ "n &ir&'it* "n *"ri"+ l# &rri"nt" in*t#nt%n"#
"* l# mi*m# "n t!* l* "l"m"nt* !"l &ir&'it+ mi"ntr#* '" "n
&ir&'it* "n $#r#l"l l# !i"r"n&i# !" $t"n&i#l in*t#nt%n"# "* l# mi*m# #
tr#-é* !" t!* l* "l"m"nt* !"l &ir&'it.

PRACTICA No. 7
DESARROLLO EJPERI0ENTAL

EJPERI0ENTO 5
5.< Arm" "l &ir&'it !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn# !" l# F;'r# 5 (t"n;# l#*
m"!i&in"* !" l* $#r%m"tr* r"*i*ti- "n *"ri" !" &rri"nt" !ir"&t#+
#nt#n! l* -#lr"* (t"ni!* , r"#li#n! *' &%l&'l* r"*$"&ti-*.
D#t*

5IGURA No. 6
V= / Vo'38 de CA.
R/=6!!!9
R: = 4.7 kohm
R;= 6!!!!9
RT=R6R/R:
V 
 I =
 R

=R5KI T R5
=RKI T R

 T#(l# 5

PRACTICA No. 7
 =#ri#(l" =#lr =#lr 
* t"1ri& ")$"rim"nt#l Errr

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=R

EJPERI0ENTO 8
8.< Arm" "l &ir&'it RC "n $#r#l"l !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn# !" l# F;'r# 8+ ,
nt" l* -#lr"* "n l# t#(l# 8+ r"#li#n! *'* &%l&'l* r"*$"&ti-*.

D#t*
='"nt"K 83 =lt*
C5K 9 @
R8K 8666
V fuente
 I =
 R 2

1 1
 X C = =
Wc 2 πfc

 Xc R2
Z T =
 Xc + R 2

V 
 I =
 R

5IGURA No< /
IJC K I T  IR8

PRACTICA No. 7
  T#(l# 8

=#ri#(l" =#lr =#lr 

* t"1ri& ")$"rim"nt#l Errr

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EJPERI0ENTO 
.< Arm" "l &ir&'it RL "n *"ri" !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn# !" l# F;'r# +
#nt#n! *'* -#lr"* (t"ni!* "n l# t#(l#  r"#li#n! *'* &%l&'l*
r"*$"&ti-*.

D#t*
E K 83 =CA
R3K 396
%LK 8ML K &L
%L=  9
ZT= R6  %L
V 
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V%LK I %L

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5IGURA No. :

 T#(l# 

PRACTICA No. 7
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EJPERI0ENTO ?

?.< Arm" "l &ir&'it RLC "n $#r#l"l !" &rri"nt" #lt"rn# !" l# F;'r# ?+
#nt#n! l* -#lr"* (t"ni!* "n l# t#(l# ?+ r"#li#n! *'* &%l&'l*
r"*$"&ti-*.

IGURA ?
D#t*

EK 83=
R5 K 396
Jl K 8 M L K &L
JL K56 
C8K 9@
1 1
 X C = =
2 πf C 2 ω C 2

PRACTICA No. 7
 1
Z T =
1 1 1
+ +
 R 4  X  L  X C 

V T 
 I T  =
 RT 

V 1
 I  R 1=
 R1

V 
 I  XL =
 X  L

V 
 I  XC =
 X C 

=#ri#(l"* =#lr"* =#lr"* ")$.  Errr

t"1ri&*
=R5
=JL
=JC
I T
IR
IJL
IJC
 T#(l# ?

CUESTIONARIO
PRACTICA No. 7
5.< Cm$l"t#r l# t#(l# 3 $#r# "l &ir&'it !" l# F;'r# V '" l# #&m$##+
#*> &m t#m(ién r"#li#r *'* &%l&'l* r"*$"&ti-*.

R"*i*t"n& R4W I
i#* 2 4mA2
R5 6
R8 3
R 53
R? 8
 T#(l# 3

8.< Cm$l"t#r l# t#(l# 9 , (t"n"r l# t"n*i1n !" l# '"nt".

R"*i*t"n&i R4W = I 4mA2 P 4:2

#* 2 4-lt*2
R5 88 7.3
R8 .
R 8.3
R? 8.3
PRACTICA No. 7
  T#(l# 9

OBSERVACIONES
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

CONCLUSIONES
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 
 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

BIBLIOGRA5IA

•  OZNSON DA=ID+ An%li*i* (%*i& !" &ir&'it* "lé&tri&*

E!. Pr"nti&" Z#ll+ 0é)i& 55
• C"*t"r L. D#["*+ Tr#t#! !" "l"&tri&i!#! tm

PRACTICA No. 7