11/12

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Election
Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Elections
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mark A. Geronimo
Editors: Latreia E. Estabillo, Dawn Hope Almuena, Mary Joy Velasco
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa PhD, Antonio V. Amparado Jr., Rolex H. Lotilla and Arvin M. Tejada
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Arcadio, III G. De Jesus
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
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Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven, Jr., CESE - Schools Division Superintendent
Roberto J. Montero EdD, CESE - ASDS
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Johnny M. Sumugat – REPS, Subject Area Supervisor
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 11/12

Philippine Politics and

Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Elections
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance with Grade 11/12 Self-Learning
Module (SLM) on Elections!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance - Grade 11/12 Self-Learning

Module (SLM) on Elections!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Elections. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
● LO 1 – Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines

After going through this module, you are expected to:

● Define elections;
● Identify political parties in the Philippines;
● Define a registered voter; and
● Explain the process of election.

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Definition of Terms

Election
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a
population chooses an individual to hold public office.

Political Parties
A group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power

COMELEC
The Commission on Elections (Filipino: Komisyon sa Halalan), usually
abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional
commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws
and regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the Philippines.

Electoral System
An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine
how elections and Political electoral systems are defined by
constitutions and electoral laws

Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET)

The Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET) is an electoral tribunal that
decides election protests involving the election of the President of the
Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines. It is composed of
justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines

House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET)

The House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET) is an electoral
tribunal that decides election protests in the House of Representatives
of the Philippines

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 What I Know

Let us determine how much you already learned.

Instruction. Kindly answer the following questions. Select the letter only of the
correct answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

1. An electoral tribunal that decides election protests in the House of

Representatives of the Philippines is called _____.
A. Senate C. PET
B. Court D. HRET

2. An electoral tribunal that decides election protests involving the election of

the President of the Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines is
called ____.
A. Senate C. PET
B. Court D. HRET

3. An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how

elections and Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and
electoral laws monitor is called _____.
A. Senate C. PET
B. Court D. Automated election

4. A group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power is

called ____.
A. government C. PET
B. Political Parties D. HRET

5. A decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to

hold public office is called _____.
A. Election C. HRET
B. Political Parties D. PET
6. Which of the following is NOT a component of election as defined by the
Omnibus Election Code:
A. Choosing Candidate to the public office by popular vote
B. Holding electoral campaign
C. Campaigning for votes
D. Conducting of the polls

7. What are the two kinds of election?

A. Regular and Special Election
B. Regular and natural Election
C. National and Local Election
D. Snap and regular Election

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8. The following are the qualification of voters except:
A. Filipino Citizen
B. At least 18 years old
C. Resident of the Philippines for at least 1 year
D. College Graduate
9. It evidences candidates statutory eligibility to be elected for an elective post.
A. Certificate of Candidacy
B. Certificate of campaign
C. Certificate of Courage
D. Certificate of Concurrence
10. The ______ is responsible for facilitating for each precinct.
A. Board of Election
B. Board of Canvassers
C. Editorial Board
D. Board of Inspectors
11. How many days should the campaign period of the Congress and local
election?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
12. How many days should the campaign period of Election of the President
and Vice-President?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
13. How many days should the campaign period for Barangay election?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
14. How many days should the campaign period for special election?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
15. The purpose of filing a Certificate of Candidacy ______
A. Enable the voters to know
B. Enhance and inconvenience
C. Ensure safety
D. Disseminate information

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 Lesson
Elections
5
The officers who occupy the government positions are chosen by qualified
voters through a well-established system. Who facilitates this procedure? Who gets
to vote officers for government positions?

What’s In

Interview your parents about their experience every election. Write an essay about
their experience.

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 What’s New

Watch the following video about election campaign in the Philippines. Answer the
following questions:

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=election+campaign+

1. Based from the video, what is your impression about how election is
held in the Philippines?
2. Why do you think elections should be held?

What is It

Suffrage and Election

Right to vote in the election of officers chosen by the people and in the
determination of questions submitted to the people is called suffrage. This right is
particularly included in the Constitution and are particularly described in the
electoral special laws. On the other hand, the means by which people choose their
officials for a definite and fixed period and to whom they entrust for the time being
the exercise of the powers of government is called election.

The following are the components of election as defined by the Omnibus

Election Code: Choosing candidates to public office by popular vote, Holding of
electoral campaign, Conducting of the polls, Listing of votes, Casting and receiving
the ballots from the voters, Counting the ballots, Making the election returns and
Proclaiming the winning candidates.

There are two kinds of Elections: Regular Election and Special Election.
Regular Election is an election participated in by those who possess the right of
suffrage, not otherwise disqualified by law and are registered voters. On the other
hand, Special election is held when there is failure of election on the scheduled date
of regular election in a particular place. Election period is ninety (90) days before
and ends thirty (30) days after the election date. See figure below.

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 90 days 30 days

Qualification and disqualification of Voters

The following are the qualifications of voters: Filipino Citizen, At least 18 years
old, Resident of the Philippines for at least one (1) year, Resident of the place where
proposes to vote for at least 6 months immediately preceding the election and Not
disqualified by law. However, the following are particularly disqualified: Sentenced
by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less than 1 year, Conviction by final
judgment and Insanity or incompetence declared by competent authority.

In order for a qualified voter to vote, he or she has to register. Act of

accomplishing and filing a sworn application for the registration by a qualified voter
before the election officer of the city or municipality is called Registration of Voters.

Candidates for Elections

A Certificate of Candidacy (COC) evidences candidate’s statutory eligibility to

be elected for an elective post. In order for one who aspires to occupy a government
position, he or she has to file a COC. Why do they have to file a COC? The purpose
of filing a COC are the following: (1) Enable the voters to know, at least 60 days before
the regular election, the candidates among whom they have to choose and (2) Avoid
confusion and inconvenience in the tabulation of the votes cast.

In order for voters to be familiar the candidates in an election, there would be

campaign. A campaign is an act designed to promote the election or defeat of a
particular candidate or candidates to a public office. Candidates in an election need
to follow the rules of election otherwise they will be disqualified. Any election
campaign or partisan political activity for or against any candidate outside of the
campaign period is called premature campaigning.

Here is the period of campaigning:

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90 days – Presidential and Vice Presidential election
45 days – Election of the members of the Congress and local election
15 days – Barangay Election
45 days – Special Election

The Board of Election Inspectors is responsible for facilitation election for each
precinct. The Board is composed of the following: Chairman, Poll Clerk and Two
members, each representing two parties.

What’s More

Fill out the following Graphic Organizers.

Suffrage Election

Qualifications of a Voter

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 What I Can Do

Political Analyst
Make a plan for a candidate to make him or her win in an election.

Goal To analyse a certain current issue

Role Political Analyst

Audience Social Media Users

Situation You are asked to create an election plan to make a candidate win in
an election.

Product, Vlog showing the process by which a person can win in an election
Performan
ce, and
Purpose

Standards
and
Criteria Description Points
Criteria
for
Content 5 Comprehensiveness of information
Success
and ideas

Organization 5 Presentation of ideas

Grammar 5 Free from ungrammatical

structures and misspelled words

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 Assessment

Instruction. Kindly answer the following questions. Select the letter only of
the correct answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

1. An electoral tribunal that decides election protests in the House of

Representatives of the Philippines is called _____.
A. Senate C. PET
B. Court D. HRET

2. An electoral tribunal that decides election protests involving the election of

the President of the Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines is
called ____.
A. Senate C. PET
B. Court D. HRET

3. An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how

elections and Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and
electoral laws monitor is called _____.
A. Senate C. PET
B. Court D. Automated election

4. A group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power is

called ____.
A. government C. PET
B. Political Parties D. HRET

5. A decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to

hold public office is called _____.
A. Election C. HRET
B. Political Parties D. PET

6. Which of the following is NOT a component of election as defined by the

Omnibus Election Code:
A. Choosing Candidate to the public office by popular vote
B. Holding electoral campaign
C. Campaigning for votes
D. Conducting of the polls

7. What are the two kinds of election?

A. Regular and Special Election
B. Regular and natural Election
C. National and Local Election
D. Snap and regular Election

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8. The following are the qualification of voters except:
A. Filipino Citizen
B. At least 18 years old
C. Resident of the Philippines for at least 1 year
D. College Graduate
9. It evidences candidate’s statutory eligibility to be elected for an elective post.
A. Certificate of Candidacy
B. Certificate of campaign
C. Certificate of Courage
D. Certificate of Concurrence
10. The ______ is responsible for facilitating for each precinct.
A. Board of Election
B. Board of Canvassers
C. Editorial Board
D. Board of Inspectors
11. How many days should the campaign period of the Congress and local
election?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120

12. How many days should the campaign period of Election of the President
and Vice-President?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
13. How many days should the campaign period for Barangay election?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
14. How many days should the campaign period for special election?
A. 15
B. 45
C. 90
D. 120
15. The purpose of filing a Certificate of Candidacy ______
A. Enable the voters to know
B. Enhance and inconvenience
C. Ensure safety
D. Disseminate information

11
 Additional Activities

Windows Shortcut keys allow you to perform tasks quickly and easy. List common
shortcut keys that is often use while working in computer.

1. _________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________

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 13
Assessment What I Know
1. D 1. D
2. C 2. C
3. D 3. D
4. A 4. A
5. A 5. A
6. B 6. B
7. A 7. A
8. D 8. D
9. A 9. A
10. D 10. D
11. B 11. B
Answer Key
References

List of youth organizations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_youth_

Organizations. July 6, 2020

Branches of Government. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/branches-of

government. 2020

Three Branches of Government. https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/

three-branches/three-branches-of-government. Harry S. Truman. July 22,
2019

Civil Society and Social Movement. https://study.com/academy/lesson/

what-is-a-civil-society-definition-examples.html. 2020

Political Ideology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies.

2020

Political Ideology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/

psychology/political-ideology 2020

Local Government. https://www.foi.gov.ph/?gclid 2020

What is Local Government? https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-

local-government-definition-responsibilities-challenges.html March 2020

Power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(social_and_political). July 2,

2020

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendation.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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