Amatuer Radio 2

Study Manual For Amateur Station Operator’s License Examination
FOREWORD
This study material is compiled to help the ham radio enthusiasts in their preparation for the
Amateur Station Operator's Certificate (ASOC) examination conducted by the Ministry of
Communications for awarding of amateur radio operator's licence.
This study guide made to help the amateur radio enthusiasts to get through the ASOC examination.
Getting license is just the beginning. There are still lot to learn and you have to continuously learn
new things to get the most out of amateur radio. This guide will help you the answers to the test
questions, but not give you a deep understanding of electronics, radio, or the rules and regulations.
Our aim to encourage the interested, to become an active radio amateur and get on the air,
participate in public service and emergency communications, join an amateur radio club, and
experiment with radios, antennas, and circuits.
Considering the utility and potential of ham radio not only in emergency, but also as a means of
triggering and promoting interest in science and technology, Amateur Radio and Emergency
Communication, we have been putting in efforts to popularize ham radio in India. This hobby has the
potential to involve a vast majority of the young and energetic citizens of our country in a process of
"Learning by Doing" in the field of electronics as well as wireless communication technology.
Your comments, complaints or Compliments along with suggestions and queries will help us to
improve the quality this study material. We eagerly waiting to hear from you.
Good luck and have fun!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
While preparing the study material, various books and web sites were consulted/referred and the
some portions of the compiled material were heavily drawn from them. We acknowledge the authors
of various Amateur Radio related Books/ web sites for providing the valuable information’s.
Copy Rights:
No rights reserved... You are free to use full/part content of this materials for the promotion of
Amateur Radio Activities and non commercial purpose.
MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 2

SECTION - II
Radio Regulations

CONTENTS
Amateur Radio Rules & Regulation
National and International Regulations applicable.

The Indian Wireless Telegraph Rules, 1973.
The Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules, 1978, and amendments.
The International Radio Regulations as relating to the operation of amateur stations
Provision of Radio Regulation 2008 Edition
Designation of Emission
Phonetic alphabets and figure Code
Nomenclature of the Frequency & Wavelength
Frequency Allocation of Amateur Services
Measures against interference and Tests
Identification of Stations
Distress signal and message, Transmission Urgency signals, Call and message
Transmissions
Amateur Station
Standard Frequency and Time Signals Services in the World.
The `Q’ codes and abbreviations
Morse Code

The Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules 1978 And

2009 Amendment Rules,
G.S.R. No. 385 (E). In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 4 and section 7 of
the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 (13 of 1885), the Central Government hereby makes the
following rules further to amend the Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service)
Rules, 1978.
1. Short title and commencement:
(1) These rules may be called the Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service)
Amendment Rules, 2009.
(2) They shall come into force on 1 April 2010.
2. Definitions:
In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,-

a. Àct' means the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 (13 of 1885)
b. Àmateur service' means a service of self-training, inter-communication and
technical investigations carried on by amateurs that is, by persons duly authorized
under these rules interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without
pecuniary interest; àmateur station', and `station' shall have the meaning respectively
assigned to them in the Convention;
c. Àmateur Radio Beacon’ means a station in the Amateur Service having transmitter
(s) emitting carrier wave along with identification signals at regular interval. Such
beacons can be directional or non-directional;
d. ‘Amateur Station’ and "Amateur Satellite Service" `Station’ shall have the meaning
respectively assigned to them in the Convention;
e `Convention' means the International Telecommunication Convention, Malaga Torre
Molino’s, 1973, for the time being in force and the Radio Regulations and the Additional
Radio Regulations annexed thereto but does not include any portion of the said
Convention or Regulations regarding which the Central Government makes any
reservation;
f. `License' means a license granted under section 4 of the Act for an amateur wireless
telegraph station.
3. Necessity for license:
No person shall establish, maintain and work an amateur wireless telegraph station
except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of an appropriate license
under these rules.

4. Categories of license:
There shall be two categories of licenses, namely:

(i) Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station License (General)
(ii) Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station License (Restricted)
5. Eligibility for license:
(1) A license may be granted subject to such conditions contained

in Annexure I to these rules -
(i) To a person,
A. who is a citizen of India;
B. who is not less than 12 years of age;
C. who qualifies the Amateur Station Operators’ Examination for the award of license or
holds either of the following certificate of proficiency, namely:
(i) Radio-communication Operators' General Certificates;
(ii) First or Second Class Radio-telegraph Operators' Certificate; Provided that the
holder of a Special Radio Telegraph Operator’s Certificate may also be considered
eligible for the award of Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station License (Restricted)
(iii) To a bonafide amateur radio society, club or a school, college, or an institution or a
university in India, which has the aim of investigations in the field of radio or the
training of persons in radio communication techniques. Provided that the license shall be
issued in the name of an authorized official of the society, club, school, college, institute
or a University in India holding a category of license appropriate to the transmissions to
be conducted by the station including amateur radio beacon transmission.
(2) Not withstanding anything contained in sub-clause (b) of sub-rule (1), the Central
Government may grant, to bonafide experimenters between the age of 12 and 18 years,
Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station License (General) or Amateur Wireless Telegraph
Station License (Restricted). Provided that the application for the grant of such licenses
shall be accompanied by a certificate from the head of the educational institution
recognized by a board or university in India, attended by the applicant or from his legal
guardian that the applicant is interested in and is competent to conduct experiment in
wireless telegraphy.
(3) Not withstanding anything contained in sub-clause (c) of clause (i) of sub rule (1),
the Central Government may recognize, subject to any conditions it may prescribe from
time to time, such other radiotelegraph operators' certificates or Amateur Station
Operators' Certificates as are issued by a competent authority in any other country as
equivalent to qualifications referred to in aforesaid sub rule for the purpose of grant of
license under these rules.
6. Application for license:
An application for the grant of license from:

(a) An individual, or

(b) An Amateur Radio Society or club or a school, college or an institute or a University

in India shall be made to the Central Government in Annexure II or Annexure III
respectively to these rules, together with all the subsidiary forms and documents duly
filled in and completed in all respects.
7. Eligibility for admission to amateur station Operators Examination:
No person shall be eligible for admission to an examination for the grant of license
unless:-
(a) Such a person fulfils the provisions contained in sub-clauses (a), (b) and
(c) Of clause (i) of sub-rule (1) of rule 5;
(b) Such person pays the fees on the following scale, namely:-
(i) Amateur Station Operators' (General) Examination: RS. 100/-
(ii) Amateur Station Operators' (Restricted) Examination: Rs. 100/-
8. Examinations:
(1) The examinations for the grant of a license as per syllabus shall be held at a place
and on a date as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time.
(2) An application for license in Annexure II to the rules shall be submitted not later
than one month before the date of desired examination.
(3) Any person admitted to the examination and found guilty of impersonation or of
submitting fabricated documents or documents which have been tampered with or of
making statements which are incorrect or false or of suppressing material information or
of using or attempting to use unfair means in the examination hall or otherwise
resorting to any other irregular or improper means for obtaining admission to the
examination may, in addition to rendering himself liable to criminal prosecution, be
debarred either permanently or for a specified period from appearing in any of the
examinations held for the award of license under these rules: Provided that no order
under this sub-rule shall be made unless the person concerned has been given a
reasonable opportunity or making a representation against the action proposed to be
taken.
(4) If any person is found guilty of any malpractice referred to in sub -rule (3) after the
grant of a license to such person, the Central Government may, in addition to
prosecuting him cancel the license so given: Provided that the Central Government may,
pending the cancellation of the license, suspend or endorse such license: Provided
further that no order under this sub-rule shall be made unless the person concerned has
been given a reasonable opportunity of making a representation against the action
proposed to be taken.
9. Grant of license:
Every category of license shall be in the form set out in Annexure IV to these rules.
10. Observance of conditions of license, convention and rules under the Act:
(1) Every licensed amateur wireless telegraph station shall be established, maintained and

worked in accordance with –

A. the conditions contained in Annexure I to these rules;
B. the provisions of the Convention;
C. the rules made by the Central Government under section 7 of the Act for the conduct
of wireless telegraphs in so far as they are applicable.
(2) Not withstanding sub-rule (1) the Central Government may modify, vary, cancel or
revoke any of the conditions of license contained in the said Annexure I at any time
either by specific notice in writing to the licensee, or by means of a general notice
published in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper published in New Delhi.
(3) The licensee shall at his own expense, give effect to any variations in the conditions
of license.
11. Period of validity:
(1) A license granted under these rules shall be issued for a period of 20 years or lifelong
as the case maybe commencing on the date of issue of the license and expiring on the
last day of the month proceeding the month of issue.
Explanation: - For the purpose of this rule, the expression “lifelong” means till the license
holder attains the age of 80 years.
(2) Validity of lifelong license may be extended on specific request of the license holder
for 10 years at a time without any additional payment.
12. Fee for license:
(1) A license fee on the following scale shall be payable to the Central Government on
receipt of instructions from that Government and in the manner directed by it:-
Category of License Fees in
Rupees 20 years Life Long
(i) Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station License (General) Rs.1000/- Rs. 2000/-
(ii) Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station License (Restricted) Rs.1000/- Rs. 2000/-
(2) The license fee shall not be refundable on ground of licensee’s inability to establish or
make use of the licensed Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station or for adjustment towards
higher category of license.
13. Authorized frequency bands, power and emission:
A holder of license shall use as appropriate to the license, such frequency bands, power
and classes of emission as authorized by the Central Government.
Provided that the Central Government may by special or general order make changes in
the usage of frequency bands, power and types of emission where that the Government
is satisfied, that it is expedient to do so, keeping in view, among others the provisions of
the Convention, need for enforcement of better technical standards in respect of
equipment and national and international radio interference pattern.

14. Renewal of license:
(1) On the expiry of the validity of a license, it may be renewed for a period of twenty
years or lifelong if the licensee,-
(a) Makes an application for renewal at least two months before the date of expiry of
the license.
(b) Has actively operated his station during the past two years prior to the date of
expiry of his license and provides a certificate to the effect that he has made contacts
with other amateur stations on at least 40 occasions per year; .
(c) Pay a fee of Rs.1000/- or Rs.2000/-
(2) The license fee shall not be refundable on ground of licensee’s inability to establish
or make use of the licensed Amateur Wireless Telegraph Station or for adjustment
towards higher category of license.
(3) The document showing the renewal of license issued by the Central Government
shall be kept along with the license to which it refers.
(4) It shall not be obligatory for the Central Government to issue a notice that the
license is due for renewal. This in no way however confers any right to the candidates
seeking ASOC renewal under this category and the right of decision of renewal will solely
remain with the Ministry of Communications & Information Technology.
** It is also desired that those who apply for the renewal should register in the WPC
website and file their application ‘online’ also. The request for renewal should enclose
the Acknowledgement slip for the online submission along with the demand draft and
other documents.
15. Surcharge for late renewal:
In case the holder of a license does not apply for its renewal prior to the date of expiry
of the license referred to in sub-rule (1) of rule 14, he may apply for the renewal of
license subsequently also after the date of expiry of the license on payment of a
surcharge at the rate of Rs.100/- for every half-year or part thereof. The license in such
a case shall be renewed from the date of expiry of the license.
16. Register for wireless telegraphy apparatus:
Every licensee shall maintain a register in respect of all wireless telegraphy apparatus
established, maintained and worked by him at the amateur station in the form set out in
Annexure VI of these rules.
17. Location of Amateur Station:
The location of the amateur station shall be specified in the license along with the usual
residence of the licensee endorsed therein and it shall be operated only from the place
so fixed.

Provided that the Central Government may, permit the change of location if the licensee
applies for it in writing giving particulars of the change and submits the license for
endorsement, and pays a fee of Rs.200/-.
18. Portable and mobile Amateur Station:
Amateur radio stations are allowed to operate anywhere in India except those locations
restricted by Government of India from time to time,
As per notification NO- P-11015/01/2019 – COP, Dated 07/06/2019 (OFFICE
MEORANDUM)
(i) The licensee's amateur station at the fixed location and the mobile station shall not
communicate with each other;
(ii) The suffix `MO' shall be added to the call sign already authorized to the licensee's
amateur station at the fixed location for use by the portable or mobile station. Such call
sign shall be followed by the location of the station.
(iv) Such other conditions as the Central Government may determine from time to time.
(3) The special authorization may be withdrawn or the conditions contained therein
varied at any time by the Government.
19. Amateur Station on board ship:
(1) Without prejudice to rule 17, the Central Government may on receipt of an
application authorize establishment, maintenance and working of an amateur station on
board a ship registered in India. Applications for such authorization shall be
accompanied by a written approval of the master or owners of the ship concerned.
(2) The establishment, maintenance and working of amateur stations on board ships
shall, in addition to the conditions specified under rule 10, be subject to such other
conditions as the Central Government may determine from time to time and such
conditions, among others, shall include the following, namely:-
(i) The amateur station on board ship shall be operated only while the ship is in
International waters or Indian territorial waters. Its operation within the territorial
waters of another country shall be in conformity with laws and regulations of the
country concerned.
(ii) It shall not be operated whilst the ship is in any harbor in India.
(iii) The call sign allotted to such stations shall have suffix `MS' followed by the call sign
of the ship in case of radiotelegraphy or the official name of the ship in case of
radiotelephony.
(iv) The amateur station on board a ship shall discontinue operation at any time on
request of an officer of the Central Government, the Master or Radio Officer of the ship
or any land station.
20. Loss and Issue of Duplicate of License and Document showing the
Renewal Of License:
(1) A person whose license or the document showing the renewal of license has been lost,

mutilated or destroyed shall notify the same to the Central Government. An application in
Annexure VII of these rules for the duplicate shall be made to the Central Government
embodying a statement of the circumstances involved in the loss, mutilation or
destruction of the license or the document showing the renewal of license for which a
duplicate is required. If the license or the document showing the renewal of license has
been lost, the applicant must state the circumstance in which it was lost and the
reasonable search has been made for it, and further that in the event it be found, either
the original or the duplicate shall be returned for cancellation. The mutilated license or
the document showing the renewal of license for which the duplicate is required should
be forwarded along with the application for cancellation.
(2) The Central Government may issue duplicate copy of any license or the document
showing the renewal of the license and the following charges shall be levied for such
issue-
(i) For duplicate of license. .......................................... Rs. 100/-

(ii) For duplicate of the document showing the renewal of license Rs.100/-
21. Revocation of license:
(1) The Central Government may, at any time, revoke the license
(i) On the breach of any of the conditions of license contained in Annexure I; or
(ii) In default of payment of any fees payable under these rules: Provided that, before
revoking a license, the licensee shall be given a reasonable opportunity of making a
representation against the action proposed to be taken.
(2) The licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation arising out of revocation of his
license nor will any part of the fees paid for the license shall be refunded for the period a
license stands revoked.
22. Transfer of license:
A license shall not be transferable: Provided that the Central Government may permit the
transfer of a license granted to an authorized official of an amateur radio society or club
or a school, college or an institute or a University in India in favor of his successor if such
successor holds a category of license appropriate to the transmissions to be conducted by
the amateur station.
23. Operation of licensed amateur station:
No person other than the licensee shall be permitted to operate the licensed
amateur station: Provided that –
(a) In the presence of the licensee himself, the station may be operated by another
person holding a valid license of comparable or higher category. The licensee, however,
shall be personally responsible for the observance of these rules as if the station is
operated by him.

(b) In case of a license issued to an authorized official of an amateur radio society or

club or a school, college, or an institution or a University in India, the station may also
be operated by a person who holds a license of equivalent or higher category with the
prior permission of the Central Government in writing; if the licensee keeps personal
surveillance over the operation of the station. The licensee shall be responsible for the
observance of these rules.
24. Surrender of license:
A license which is revoked or which has become invalid and licensee does not desire to
renew it shall be surrendered to the Central Government for cancellation and record.
25. Dual holding of license:
No person shall be granted more than one license at the same time: Provided that the
Central Government may exempt a person, holding a license in his name for amateur
radio society or a school, college or an institute or a university in India, from the
operation of this rule.
26. Admission of foreign national to examination and grant of license:
(1) Not withstanding anything contained in these rules, the Central Government may,
subject to such terms and conditions as it may impose from time to time, admit a
person, who is not a citizen of India, to an examination for the grant of a license or
grant him a license if otherwise qualified.
(2) The conditions under sub-section (1) shall, among others, include the following,
namely:-
(i) The country of which the applicant is citizen, grants reciprocal facilities to Indian
nationals: Provided that it shall not apply where the Central Government considers that
reciprocal facilities are not necessary;
(ii) The applicant is above the age of 18 years;
(iii) The applicant's stay in India is not likely to be less than one year from the date of
application.
(iv) The applicant is a holder of an appropriate category of amateur station operator's
certificate or license issued by a competent authority in any other country and
recognized by the Central Government.
(v) The license under this rule shall be initially granted for a period of one year or for
the period of validity of visa, for which the applicant's passport is endorsed, whichever is
less
.
27. Penalty for breach of these rules:
Any breach of these rules, other than a breach, which is an offence under section 20 or 21

of the Act, shall be punishable with fine which may extend -

(i) when the person is licensed under the Act, to one thousand rupees and in the case of
continuing breach a further fine of two hundred rupees for every day after the first
during the whole of any part of which the breach continues;
(ii) When a servant of the person so licensed or another person is punishable for the
breach one fourth of the amounts specified in clause (i).
28. Repeal and saving:
(1) On the commencement of these rules, the Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur
Service) Rules, 1978, shall cease to be in force.
(2) Not withstanding such censer,-
(a) Where before such commencement any person has passed the Amateur Station
Operators' Certificate Advanced, Grade I, Grade II, Grade II Restricted Examination,
such person shall not be required to pass any such examination under these rules;
(b) Where, before such commencement any person was granted Amateur Wireless
Telegraph Station License Advanced, Grade I, Grade II, Grade II Restricted or any such
License was renewed and the period for which such License was granted or renewed
extends beyond the commencement of these rules, then, such License shall continue to
be in force for the period specified in the License.
Note:
1. The existing Grade II and Restricted category shall be migrated to the new ‘Restricted’
category at the time of their next renewal after the payment of revised fees for 20 years
or lifetime as the case may be at the request of the applicant. The old license type will be
indicated in their license to distinguish them from those who seek licensee afresh based
on the new notification.
2. The existing Grade I and Advanced Grade category shall be migrated to the new
‘General’ category at the time of their next renewal after the payment of revised fees for
20 years or lifetime as the case may be at the request of the applicant.
3. The call sign block VU2 shall be reserved for General Grade and block VU3 to
Restricted Grade for future licenses.

Annexure – I
CONDITIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF AMATEUR WIRELESS
TELEGRAPH STATION
(See Rules 5 & 10)
AMATEUR SERVICES (ARTICLE 25)
I. Use of Amateur service
(1) The amateur station shall be used as part of self-training, intercommunication and
technical investigations in radio techniques solely with a personal aim and without
pecuniary interest: Provided that when the station is licensed to an amateur radio society
or club, or a school, college or an institute or a University, the use of the station "shall
be" confined to technical investigation and training in radio communication techniques
without pecuniary interest.
(2) The station may also be used for the purpose of receiving transmissions in the
Standard Frequency Service to facilitate operation of the station within the authorized
frequency bands.
(3) Except as provided in these rules, the licensee shall not assign, under-let or
otherwise dispose of or admit any person to participate in the benefits of the license.
Radio communication between amateur stations of different countries shall be permitted

unless the administration of one of the countries concerned has notified that it objects to
such radio communications. Transmissions between amateur stations of different
countries shall be limited to communications incidental to the purposes of the amateur
service, Transmissions between amateur stations of different countries shall not be
encoded for the purpose of obscuring their meaning, except for control signals
exchanged between earth command stations and space stations in the amateur-satellite
service.
Amateur stations may be used for transmitting international communications on behalf of
third parties only in case of emergencies or disaster relief. An administration may
determine the applicability of this provision to amateur stations under its jurisdiction.
Amateur-satellite service
Administrations authorizing space stations in the amateur-satellite service shall ensure

that sufficient earth command stations are established before launch to ensure that any
harmful interference caused by emissions from a station in the amateur-satellite service
can be terminated immediately

A radio communication service using stations on earth satellites for the same purpose as
those of Amateur service is called “Amateur Satellite service”. An Amateur satellite is a
repeater in space with a large coverage on the earth. Except for geo-stationary orbits,
satellites don’t stay in one spot. Orbiting Satellites Carrying Amateur radio is called
OSCAR. It is intended for multiple access by Amateur stations in all countries. (Recently
The ISRO launched the HAMSAT along with its remote sensing satellite, CARTOSAT.
HAMSAT is a Micro satellite for providing satellite based Amateur Radio services to the
national as well as the international community of Amateur Radio Operators (HAMs). It
operates in the UHF/VHF band. One of the transponders of HAMSAT has been developed
in India involving Indian Amateurs, with the expertise of ISRO and the experience of
AMSAT-INDIA. HAMSAT is India’s contribution to the international community of Amateur
Radio Operators).
Geostationary satellite
A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite, placed at an altitude of

approximately 35,800 kilometers(22,300 miles) directly over the equator, that revolves in
the same direction the earth rotates (west to east).At this altitude, one orbit takes 24
hours, the same length of time as the earth requires to rotate once on its axis. The term
geostationary comes from the fact that such a satellite appears nearly stationary in the
sky as seen by a ground-based observer. BGAN, the new global mobile communications
network, uses geostationary satellites.
II. Messages:
(1)
(a) Radio communications may be exchanged with other stations similarly authorized. The
amateur stations are forbidden to communicate with amateur stations of countries whose
administrations have notified the International Telecommunication Union of their objection
to such radio communications.
(b) Transmissions shall be made in plain language and limited to messages of a technical
nature relating to tests and to remarks of personal character (excluding business affairs or
transactions) in which the licensee, or the person with whom he is in communication, are
directly concerned and for which, by reason of their unimportance, recourse to the public
telecommunication service is not justified.
(c) Special recordings for reproduction sinusoidal tone or tones within the audio frequency
spectrum which may be either constant or steadily changing in frequency may be used.

(2) The licensee is forbidden to transmit,-
(a) Messages like the reproduction of broadcast programs or tape recordings or

transmissions of entertainment value or music;
(b) false or misleading calls, or signals, news, advertisements, communications of

business, statements on topics of political or industrial controversy;
(c) superfluous signals or any matter which is indecent or of obscene character or of a

seditious tendency or which is grossly offensive or such as is likely to arouse racial,
religious, or communal animosity;
(d) messages for pecuniary reward or any messages for, or on behalf of third parties;(3)
Not withstanding clause (a), sub -condition (1) and clause (d), sub condition (2) the
licensees in case of failure of normal telecommunication facilities, are permitted to handle
third party messages, pertaining to natural calamities such as earthquake, floods,
cyclones and wide spread fires, originating from and addressed to a competent civil
authority namely, (a) District Magistrates or Deputy Commissioners or Collectors of the
district and any other officer authorized by authorities mentioned at (a) above. The
licensee shall inform by letter addressed to the licensing authority regarding the use of his
amateur station for such purposes on each such occasions.
III. Frequencies, Emissions and Power:
The amateur station shall be operated on frequencies that are within the frequency bands
authorized to respective categories of licenses under rule 13 and on such classes of
emissions and power not exceeding that specified in the said rule.
IV. Frequency Control and Measurement:
(1) The transmitting apparatus shall be tuned as accurately as possible to ensure that no
energy is radiant on any frequency outside the limits of the authorized frequency bands.
(2) The licensee shall have at the licensed amateur station a reliable frequency measuring
equipment to verify, each time the frequency of the transmitter is changed and whenever
it is necessary to check the transmitted frequency, the emissions are within the authorized
frequency bands. The licensee shall take all steps necessary to maintain the accuracy of
the frequency measuring equipment.
V. Non-Interference:
(1) The amateur station shall be so designed, constructed, erected, maintained and
worked as not to cause interference with any wireless telegraph service functioning, within
or without India, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention or the wireless
signaling between any fixed, land or mobile stations of Indian Land, Naval or Air Force or
between such stations and any station abroad:

Provided that in the event of interference being caused by the station the licensee shall
discontinue or restrict transmissions, pending adjustment of the equipment, on request
from:-
(a) The Central Government; or
(b) Any land station.
(2) The licensee shall deploy all necessary means to ensure that the radiated frequency is
free from harmonics, key clicks, hum and other forms of spurious emissions.
(3) The licensee shall ensure that the transmitter is not over modulated.
(4) The use of class B emissions (damped waves) is forbidden.
VI. Log (Dairy of the radio service):
(1) A chronological record of all transmissions emanating from or received at the amateur
station shall be kept in bound book (not loose-leaf) showing the following:
(a) Date and time of each transmission;
(b) A summary of the communications exchanged;
(c) A brief description of the experiments and tests undertaken;
(d) The call sign of station or stations with which messages have been exchanged, times
and type of emission employed in each case;
(e) Time of opening and closing down the amateur station;
(f) In case of portable or mobile amateur station the particulars of temporary location.
(2) All times in the log shall be stated in the Indian Standard Time.
(3) No gaps shall be left between entries in the log and they shall be made and initialed at
the time of receiving and transmitting.
(4) In case the station is operated by a person other than the licensee (see rule 23), the
licensee shall ensure that log is signed by that person indicating his name, call sign and
license number.
(5) Licensee shall preserve the log for a period of one year from the date of last
entry therein before it is destroyed. Provided that no log shall be destroyed for such
further period as the Central Government may direct.
(6) The form of log is shown in the Table attached to these conditions.

AMATEUR RADIO LOG
Synod Date Time Station Frequenc Type of Station Received Time of

.of IST Called y emission Heard RST terminating Remark
Contact By RST QSO
Specimen form of log
VII. Wireless Telegraphy Apparatus:
(1) The amateur station shall be equipped for reception as well as transmission.
(2) The Wireless telegraphy apparatus and other accessory equipment used or intended to
be used by the licensee shall be so arranged as not to endanger the safety of licensee or
other persons.
(3) The wireless telegraph apparatus shall be kept in a safe condition and housed in such
manner as to preclude access to unauthorized persons.
(4) The transmitter shall be of a type that has a frequency stability comparable to that of
a crystal control.
(5) Meters of standard accuracy shall be installed to measure the D.C. power input to the
anode circuit of the final radio frequency stage of the transmitter.
(6) The aerial used or intended to be used shall be so erected, fixed, or placed as not to
cross above or fall on to any power, telegraph or telephone line.
VIII. Secrecy of Correspondence:
If any message which the licensee is not entitled to receive is, nevertheless received, the
licensee shall not make known or allow to be made known its contents, its origin or
destination, its existence or the fact of its receipt to any person (Other than duly
authorized officer of the Central Government or a competent legal tribunal) and shall not
reproduce in writing, copy or make any use of such message or allow the same to be
reproduced in writing, copied or made use of.
IX. (1) General Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Procedure:
(1) (A) before transmitting, the station shall take precautions to ensure that its emissions
will not interfere with transmissions already in progress. If such interference is likely the
transmission shall not commence till there is an appropriate break in the communications
is progress.

(b) The call sign endorsed in the license shall be sent for identification at the beginning
and at the end of each period of transmission. When the period of transmission exceeds
10 minutes the call sign shall be repeated. Licensee shall not make transmission without
identification or with false identification.
(c) Prolonged calls and transmissions shall be avoided.
(d) When it is necessary to spell out call sign, certain expressions, difficult words,
abbreviations, figures etc., the phonetic alphabet and figure code given in the Convention
shall be used.
(2) Call and reply procedure:
General Radio telegraph and Radio telephone Procedure:
(a) The call shall consist of the call sign of the station called not more than three times;
The word DE (in case of radiotelegraphy) and the words "This is" (in case of radio
telephony). The call sign of the calling station, not more than three times.
(b) The reply to call shall consist of - the call sign of the calling station, not more than
three times; the word DE (in case of a radiotelegraphy) and the words "This is" (in case of
radio telephony), the call sign of the station called, not more than three times.
(c) The call may be sent three times at intervals of two minutes; thereafter it shall not be
repeated until an interval of 10 minutes during which the operator shall listen in the
frequency band is which the call has been made.
(d) In case of general call to all stations the signal `CQ' (in case of radiotelegraphy' and
the words `Hello all stations' or the signal `CQ' (in case of radiotelephony) shall replace
the call sign of the station called in the calling procedure.
The call shall consist of the call sign of the station called not more than three times;
The word DE (in case of radiotelegraphy) and the words "This is" (in case of radio
telephony). The call sign of the calling station, not more than three times.
E.g. ON SSB: VU2DJ VU2DJ VU2DJ THIS IS VU2OB VU2OB VU2OB OVER
ON CW: VU2ULL VU2ULL VU2ULL DE VU2WSM VU2WSM VU2WSM AR K
The reply to call shall consist of - the call sign of the calling station, not more than three
times; the word DE (in case of a radiotelegraphy) and the words "This is" (in case of radio
telephony). The call sign of the station called, not more than three times.
E.g. ON SSB: VU2OB VU2OBVU2OB THIS IS VU2DJ VU2DJ VU2DJ OVER

ON CW: VU2WSM VU2WSM VU2WSM DE VU2ULL VU2ULLVU2ULL AR K

The call may be sent three times at intervals of two minutes; thereafter it shall not be
repeated until an interval of 10 minutes during which the operator shall listen in the
frequency band in which the call has been made.
In case of general call to all stations the signal `CQ' (in case of radiotelegraphy/CW)
and the words `Hello all stations' or the signal `CQ' (in case of radiotelephony) shall
replace the call sign of the station called in the calling procedure.
Egg. On sab: CQ CQCQ THIS IS VU2AWE VU2AWE VU2AWE OVER

OR Hello all stations (three times) this is VU2AWE (three times) OVER
on CW: CQ CQCQ de VU2DP VU2DP VU2DP AR K
Breaking in Procedure:
When two or more stations are in communication and the third station wants to join them,
the third station should send the word “BREAK followed by the call sign.
Egg...VU2SMN and VU2WLL are in communication, third station VU2OUR wants to join
now:
Then at the end of the OVER he transmits: - BREAK VU2UR (on voice) and BK VU2UR (on
CW) If either stations do not answer your break in, then wait and call them after their
communication is over
(3) End of transmission and work:
(a) Transmission of a message shall be terminated by the signal AR (in case of

radiotelegraphy) and the word Òver' (in case of radiotelephony).
(b) The end of work between two stations shall be indicated by each of them by means of
signal VA (in case of radiotelegraph) and by the word ÒUT' (or VA spoken as Victor Alfa)
in case of radiotelephony.
(4) Tests Signals:
(a) When it is necessary to make test signals either for the adjustment of a transmitter or
a receiver or for any experiment, such signals shall not be continued for more than 30
seconds and shall be composed of series of V V V followed by the call sign of the station
emitting the test signals. In case of radiotelephony series of V V V shall be replaces by
the figures 1,2,3,4 Spoken in the figure code.
(b) For tests exceeding 30 seconds an artificial aerial shall be used.
(c) Emission of carrier wave is forbidden unless such wave is subjected to intelligible
modulation.

DESIGNATION OF EMISSION (APPENDIX I)

Class of emissions are designated by group of a minimum three characters:
First Symbol : Types of modulation of main carrier

Second Symbol : Nature of signals modulating the main carrier
Third Symbol : Type of information
A1A : Double sideband Telegraphy by on-off keying, without modulation (CW)

A3E : Amplitude modulation Telephony, voice
F3E : Telephony, (voice) Frequency modulation
J3E : Telephony, (voice) Single sideband, suppressed carrier,
R3E : Telephony, (voice) Single sideband, reduced carrier,
H3E : Telephony, (voice) Single sideband, full carrier.
F1B : Frequency modulated, RTTY, Fast Morse
A2A : Double sideband Telegraphy by on –off keying with modulation (MCW)
C3F : Vestigial Sideband Television
First symbol – types of modulation of the main carrier

Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude- modulated: Double – sideband A
Vestigial side band C
Single – side band, full carrier H Single – sideband reduced carrier R
Single – sideband suppressed carrier J Frequency modulation F
Second symbol – Nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier

Information without the use of a modulating sub-carrier 1 Information with the use of a
modulating sub-carrier 2 Analogue Information (Telephony) 3
Third symbol – type of information to be transmitted

Telegraphy (CW) A Facsimile C
Data transmission, telemetry D Telephony (including sound b/c) E Television (video) F
PHONETIC ALPHABETS AND FIGURE CODE (APPENDIX 14)
Phonetics are necessary because of the similarity of many English alphabets, similarity in
pronounces, Pronounces/ascents of different operators of different countries. All operators
having communication over voice mode find it necessary to use a standard list of words to
signify each letter to avoid any confusion while exchanging messages. This standard list of
phonetics is suggested by the ITU to all the member countries.
The list as follows:
A=Alpha, B=Bravo, C=Charlie,
D=Delta, E=Echo, F=foxtrot, G=Golf,
H=Hotel,

I= India, J=Juliet, K = Kilo, L = Lima
M=Mike, N= November, O = Oscar,
P = Papa, Q=Quebec R=Romeo,
S=Sierra, T=Tango, U=Uniform, V=Victor
W=Whiskey, X = X-ray, Y= Yankee, Z=Zulu
FIGURES:
Ǿ = Nada Zero, 1= Unna One, 2= Bisso two, 3= Terra Three, 4= Karte Four,
5 =Patna Five, 6= Soxi six, 7= Settee Seven, 8= Okto Eight, 9= Nove Nine
NOMENCLATURE OF THE FREQUENCY & WAVELENGTH (ARTICLE 2)

Nomenclature
Section I – Frequency and wavelength bands

The radio spectrum shall be subdivided into 9 frequency bands, which shall be
designated by progressive whole numbers in accordance with the following table. As the
unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz), frequencies shall be expressed:
 in kilohertz (kHz), up to and including 3 000 kHz;
 in megahertz (MHz), above 3 MHz, up to and including 3 000 MHz;
 In gigahertz (GHz), above 3 GHz, up to and including 3 000 GHz.
However, where adherence to these provisions would introduce serious difficulties, for
example in connection with the notification and registration of frequencies, the lists of
frequencies and related matters, reasonable departures may be made

NOTE 1: “Band N” (N = band number) extends from 0.3 × 10N Hz to 3 × 10N Hz.
NOTE 2: Prefix: k = kilo (103), M = mega (106), G = Giga (109). 2.2
In communications between administrations and the ITU, no names, symbols or

abbreviations should be used for the various frequency bands other than those specified
below. In the application of the Radio Regulations, the Radio communication Bureau uses
the following units:
 kHz for frequencies up to 28 000 kHz inclusive

 MHz for frequencies above 28 000 kHz up to 10 500 MHz inclusive
 GHz for frequencies above 10 500 MHz

In the application of the Radio Regulations the Radio Communication Bureau
uses the units KHz for frequencies up to 28 000 KHz inclusive
Section I - Necessary Bandwidth (from ITU page)
The necessary bandwidth, as defined in No. 1.152 and determined in accordance with
formulae and examples, shall be expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter
occupies the position of the decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first
character shall be neither zero nor K, M or G.
Necessary bandwidths:
Between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H); between 1.00 and 999 kHz
shall be expressed in kHz (letter K); between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz
(letter M); between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G).
Examples: * *
0.002 Hz = H002 6 kHz = 6 K00 1.25 MHz = 1M25
0.1 Hz = H100 12.5 kHz = 12 K5 2 MHz = 2M00
25.3 Hz = 25 H 3 180.4 kHz = 180 K 10 MHz = 10M0
400 Hz = 400 H 180.5 kHz = 181 K 202 MHz = 202M
2.4 kHz = 2 K40 180.7 kHz = 181 K 5.65 GHz = 5G65
For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth, indicated in four
characters, shall be added just before the classification symbols. When used, the
necessary bandwidth shall be determined by one of the following methods:
Use of the formulae and examples of necessary bandwidths and designation of
corresponding emissions given in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138;
computation, in accordance with other ITU-R Recommendations; 3.3) measurement, in
cases not covered by 3.1) or 3.2) above.

Frequency allocation for Amateur Services (Article 5)
Authorized Frequency Bands, Power and Emission: (see letter of WPC do 13 Aug 2010)
The amateur station shall be operated on frequencies that are within the frequency bands
authorized to respective categories of licenses under rule 13 and on such classes of
emissions and power not exceeding that specified in the said rule.
Category of Frequency Bands Emission Max D.C. Remark

License input
Power
1820-1860 * kHz (160M) Old Grade II

3500-3700 * kHz (80M) Licensees are
Restricted 3890-3900 *kHz(75M) A1A, A3E, also authorized
Grade 7000-7200 kHz (40M) H3E, J3E, 50 Watts To use A1A
10100-10150 kHz (30M). R3E emission in
14000-14350 kHz (20M) these
18068-18168 kHz $(17M) bands.
21000-21450 kHz (15M)
24890-24990 kHz $(12M)
28000-29700 kHz (10M)
50 – 54 MHz (6M) F1B, F2B, Old Grade II

144-146 MHz (2M) F3E, F3C 10 Watts Licensees are
434-438 MHz @ (70cm also authorized
to use A1A
and A2A
emissions in these
bands
1820-1860 * kHz (160M) A1A, A2A,

3500-3700 * kHz (80M) A3E, H3E,
R3E, 400 Watts
3890-3900 *kHz(75M)
General 7000-7200 kHz (40M) J3E, F1B,
Grade 10100-10150 kHz (30M). F2A, F3E,
14000-14350 kHz (20M) F3C, A3C,
18068-18168 kHz $(17M) A3F
21000-21450 kHz (15M)
24890-24990 kHz $(12M)
28000-29700 kHz (10M
50 – 54 MHz (6m) F1B, F2B,

144-146 MHz (2m) F3E, F3C 25 Watts
434-438 @ MHz (70cm)
5725-5840 MHz @
(0.05cm)

* On primary shared basis as per the relevant provisions of radio regulations. & Authorization is on
non-interference and non-protection basis.
@ On secondary basis as per the relevant provisions of radio regulations.
Note:
(i) All the allocation subject to the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations. Amateur satellite
service is permitted for General grade in the appropriate sub-bands in accordance with Radio
Regulations and those cases the maximum output R F power (ear) is 30 dB w.
(ii) The above authorization is subject to site clearance as per the procedure prescribed by the
Standing Advisory committee on Radio Frequency Allocation (SACFA) as applicable.
(iii) For A3F emission, the transmission shall be restricted to call-sign of the station, location and
other particular of the station. They shall be limited to point to point test transmission employing a
standard interface and scanning with a bandwidth not more than 4 KHz.
(iv) DC input power is the total direct current power input to the final stage of the transmitter.
(v) In case of Short Wave Listeners Amateur License, the holders are permitted to listen to all
the bands authorized to amateur service.
Interference, measures against interference & tests (Article 15)
Interferences
1. All stations are forbidden to carry out unnecessary transmissions, or the transmission
of superfluous signals, or the transmission of false or misleading signals, or the
transmission of signals without identification (except as provided for in Article 19).
2. Transmitting stations shall radiate only as much power as is necessary to ensure a

satisfactory service.
3 .In order to avoid interference
a) locations of transmitting stations and, where the nature of the service permits,
locations of receiving stations shall be selected with particular care;
b) radiation in and reception from unnecessary directions shall be minimized by taking
the maximum practical advantage of the properties of directional antennas
whenever the nature of the service permits;
c) The choice and use of transmitters and receivers shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Article 3.
d) The conditions specified under No. 22.1 shall be fulfilled.
4. Special consideration shall be given to avoiding interference on distress and safety

Frequencies, those related to distress and safety identified in Article 31 and those related
to safety and regularity of flight identified in Appendix 27. (WRC-07)

5. The class of emission to be employed by a station should be such as to achieve

minimum interference and to assure efficient spectrum utilization. In general this requires
that in selecting the class of emission to meet these objectives every effort shall be made
to minimize the bandwidth occupied, taking into account the operational and technical
considerations of the service to be performed.
6 .The out-of-band emissions of transmitting stations should not cause harmful
interference to services which operate in adjacent bands in accordance with these
Regulations and which use receivers in conformity with Nos. 3.3, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 and
relevant ITU-R Recommendations.
7. If, while complying with the provisions of Article 3, a station causes harmful
interference through its spurious emissions, special measures shall be taken to eliminate
such interference.
Section II − Interference from electrical apparatus and installations of any kind except
equipment used for industrial, scientific and medical applications
8. Administrations shall take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that the
operation of electrical apparatus or installations of any kind, including power and
telecommunication distribution networks, but excluding equipment used for industrial,
scientific and medical applications, does not cause harmful interference to a radio
communication service and, in particular, to a radio navigation or any other safety service
operating in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations1.
Interference from equipment used for industrial, scientific and medical applications
Stations shall take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that radiation from
equipment used for industrial, scientific and medical applications is minimal and that,
outside the bands designated for use by this equipment, radiation from such equipment is
at a level that does not cause harmful interference to a radio communication service and,
in particular, to a radio navigation or any other safety service operating in accordance
with the provisions of these Regulations
Procedure in a case of harmful interference

In the settlement of these problems, due consideration shall be given to all factors
involved, including the relevant technical and operating factors, such as: adjustment of
frequencies, characteristics of transmitting and receiving antennas, time sharing, change
of channels within multi-channel transmissions.
Tests
Before authorizing tests and experiments in any station, each administration, in order to
avoid harmful interference, shall prescribe the taking of all possible precautions such as
the choice of frequency and of time and the reduction or, in all cases where this is
possible, the suppression of radiation. Any harmful interference resulting from tests and
experiments shall be eliminated with the least possible delay.
For the identification of transmissions made during tests, adjustments or experiments,
In the aeronautical radio navigation service, it is undesirable, for safety reasons, to
transmit the normal identification during emissions conducted to check or adjust
equipment already in service. Unidentified emissions should however be restricted to a

minimum. Signals for testing and adjustment shall be chosen in such a manner that no
confusion will arise with a signal, abbreviation, etc., having a special meaning defined by
these Regulations or by the International Code of Signals. For testing stations in the
mobile service in this matter, administrations should be guided by the latest relevant ITU-
R Recommendations.
Reports of Infringements
Infringements of the Constitution, Convention or Radio Regulations shall be reported to

their respective administrations by the control organization, stations or inspectors
detecting them. For this purpose they shall use forms similar to the specimen given in
Appendix 9.
Representations relating to any serious infringement committed by a station shall be
made to the administration of the country having jurisdiction over the station, by the
administrations which detect it. If an administration has information of an infringement of
the Constitution, the Convention or the Radio Regulations (in particular Article 45 of the
Constitution and No. 15.1 of the Radio Regulations) committed by a station under its
jurisdiction, the administration shall ascertain the facts and take the necessary actions.
Stations shall cooperate in the detection and elimination of harmful interference,
employing where appropriate the facilities described in Article 16 and the procedures
detailed in this Section. Where practicable, and subject to agreement by administrations
concerned, the case of harmful interference may be dealt with directly by their specially
designated monitoring stations or by direct coordination between their operating
organizations.
IDENTIFICATION OF STATIONS (ARTICLE 19)
Allocation of international series and assignment of call signs
For the purpose of the supply of identification signals, a territory or geographical area
shall be understood to mean the territory within the limits of which the station is located.
For mobile stations, it shall be understood to mean the territory within the limits of which
the responsible administration is located. A territory which does not have full responsibility
for its international relations shall also be considered as a geographical area for this
purpose.
All stations open to international public correspondence, all amateur stations, and other
stations which are capable of causing harmful interference beyond the boundaries of the
territory or geographical area in which they are located, shall have call signs from the
international series allocated to its administration as given in the Table of Allocation of
International Call Sign Series in Appendix 42.

As the need arises, ship stations and ship earth stations to which the provisions of
Chapter IX apply, and coast stations, coast earth stations, or other non-ship borne
stations capable of communicating with such ship stations, shall have assigned to them
maritime mobile service identities in accordance with Section VI of this Article.
It is not compulsory to assign call signs from the international series to stations identified
by maritime mobile service identities or which are easily identified by other means and
whose signals of identification or characteristics of emission are published in international
documents.
Means shall be provided for uniquely identifying mobile stations operating in automated
terrestrial or satellite communication systems for the purposes of answering distress calls,
for avoiding interference and for billing. Identification of the mobile station by accessing a
registration database is satisfactory, provided that the system can associate the mobile
station calling number with the particular mobile station user.
Should the available call sign series in Appendix 42 be exhausted, new call sign series
may be allocated according to the principles set out in Resolution 13relating to the
formation of call signs and the allocation of new international series.
DISTRESS SIGNAL, CALL AND MESSAGE.TRANSMISSIONS (Article 30, 31, 32 & 33)
Distress Signal
International Distress frequency on CW … 500 kHz (Now removed)

SSB/Voice … 2182 kHz, (156.80 MHz – normally know as channel 16 - not in Amateur
Radio band)
In Radiotelegraphy (CW) the distress signal consists of the group … _ _ _ … (symbolized

by SOS) transmitted as a single signal in which the dashes are emphasized so as to be
distinguished clearly from the dots.
In radiotelephone (Voice) distress signal consists of the word MAYDAY pronounced as
the French expression “maiden”. This signal indicates that a ship, aircraft or other vehicle
is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requests immediate assistance.
DISTRESS CALL
The distress call sent by radiotelegraphy (CW) consists of:

 --- the distress signal SOS sent three times;
 --- the word DE ;
 --- The call sign of the station in distress, sent three times.
E.g. SOS SOS SOS DE ATP ATP ATP

The radiotelephone (voice) distress call consists of:
 - the distress signal MAYDAY, spoken three times ;

 - the words THIS IS(or DE spoken as DELTA ECHO in case of language difficulties)
 - The name, or other identification, of the station in distress, spoken three times.
E.g. MAY DAY MAY DAY MAY DAY THIS IS ALPHA TANGO PAPA, ALPHA TANGO PAPA,
ALPHA TANGO PAPA
This call has absolute priority over all other transmissions. All stations hearing it, or the
alarm signal preceding it, must immediately cease any transmission which could cause
interference to the distress traffic, and continue to listen on the frequency for the sending
of the distress message which follows.
DISTRESS MESSAGE
The distress message consists of :( on Voice)

 --- the distress signal MAYDAY ;
 --- the name, or other identification, of the station in distress ;
 --- the particulars of its position;
 --- the nature of the distress and the kind of assistance desired ;
 --- Any other information which might facilitate the rescue.
Example of Distress procedure ON TELEPHONY (SSB)
Let’s assume the name of the station as NONSUCH
MAYDAY MAYDAYMAYDAY THIS IS NONSUCH NONSUCHNONSUCH MAYDAY NONSUCH

NEAR SKERRIES OFF HOLYHEAD
STRUCK ROCK AND IN SINKING CONDITION REQUIRE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE WILL
FIRE A DISTRESS ROCKET AT INTERVALSOVER
Example of Distress procedure ON TELEGRAPHY (CW)
Let’s assume the name of the station as NONSUCH
SOS SOSSOS DE NONSUCH NONSUCHNONSUCH SOS NONSUCH

NEAR SKERRIES OFF HOLYHEAD
STRUCK ROCK AND IN SINKING CONDITION REQUIRE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE WILL
FIRE A DISTRESS ROCKET AT INTERVALS AR K
URGENCY SIGNAL, CALL AND MESSAGE TRANSMISSIONS (Article 30, 31, 32 & 33)
It consists of three repetitions of the group of words PAN PAN in VOICE mode
(Pronounced as French word PANNE ) and X X X in CW mode. The urgency signal

indicates that the station sending it has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the
safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or the safety of a person. It shall be transmitted
before the call. The urgency signal has priority over all other communications, except
distress. All stations which hear it shall take care not to interfere with the transmission of
the message which follows it.
The urgency signal and the message which follows are sent on either or both of the
international distress frequencies (2182 kHz, 156.80 MHz)
SAFETY SIGNAL
In CW mode: It consists of three repetitions of the group T T T, the individual letters of

each group, and the successive groups being clearly separated from each other, it is sent
before the call.
In Voice mode: It consists of the word “SECURITE “(pronounced SAY-CURE-E-TAY)
sent three times before the call. It indicates that the station is about to transmit a
message containing an important navigational or important meteorological warning.
All stations hearing the safety signal must listen to the safety message until they are
satisfied that it is of no concern to them. They shall not make any transmission likely to
interfere with the message.
The safety signal and call should be sent on either or both of the international distress
frequencies (2182 kHz, 156.80 MHz) but may be sent on any other designated
frequency for distress.
CALL SIGN SERIES ALLOCATED TO INDIA (Appendix 42)
Call sign blocks are issued to all countries by ITU.
Those issued to India are: ATA-AWZ, VTA-VWZ, and 8TA-8YZ
The maximum characters that an Amateur Call Sign contains is 6 .
General Grade - VU2 prefix with 2 OR 3 letter suffix.
e.g... VU2DJ VU2OB VU2 prefix with 3 letter suffix. Not ending X, Y, Z
Eg… VU2POL, VU2VJT, VU2KIV
Restricted Grade - VU3 prefix followed by 3 letter suffix.
e.g.…VU3WII, VU3MTY, VU3SIO
Q codes, distress and other signals which may cause confusions are not issued as suffix.

International Radio Call Sign Prefixes by Country (DX Stations):
Call Sign Series Allocated to

2 United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
3A Monaco
3B Mauritius
3C Equatorial Guinea
3DA–3DM Swaziland
3DN–3DZ Fiji
3E–3F Panama
3G Chile
3H–3U People's Republic of China (PRC)
3V Tunisia
3W Vietnam
3X Guinea
3Y Norway
3Z Poland
4A–4C Mexico
4D–4I Philippines
4J–4K Azerbaijan
4L Georgia
4M Venezuela
4O Montenegro
4P–4S Sri Lanka
4T Peru
4U United Nations
4V Haiti
4W Timor-Leste
4X Israel
4Y International Civil Aviation Organization
4Z Israel
5A Libya
5B Cyprus
5C–5G Morocco
5H–5I Tanzania


5J–5K Colombia
5L–5M Liberia
5N–5O Nigeria
5P–5Q Denmark
5R–5S Madagascar
5T Mauritania
5U Niger
5V Togo
5W Western Samoa
5X Uganda
5Y–5Z Kenya
6A–6B Egypt
6C Syria
6D–6J Mexico
6K–6N South Korea
6O Somalia
6P–6S Pakistan
6T–6U Sudan
6V–6W Senegal
6X Madagascar
6Y Jamaica
6Z Liberia
7A–7I Indonesia
7J–7N Japan
7O Yemen
7P Lesotho
7Q Malawi
7R Algeria
7S Sweden


7T–7Y Algeria
7Z Saudi Arabia
8A–8I Indonesia
8J–8N Japan
8O Botswana
8P Barbados
8Q Maldives
8R Guyana
8S Sweden
8T–8Y India
8Z Saudi Arabia
9A Croatia
9B–9D Iran
9E–9F Ethiopia
9G Ghana
9H Malta
9I–9J Zambia
9K Kuwait
9L Sierra Leone
9M Malaysia
9N Nepal
9O–9T Democratic Republic of the Congo
9U Burundi
9V Singapore
9W Malaysia
9X Rwanda
9Y–9Z Trinidad and Tobago
A2 Botswana
A3 Tonga
A4 Oman
A5 Bhutan
A6 United Arab Emirates
A7 Qatar
A8 Liberia


A9 Bahrain
AA–AL United States
AM–AO Spain
AP–AS Pakistan
AT–AW India
AX Australia
AY–AZ Argentina
B People's Republic of China (PRC)
B (BM-BQ, BU-BX) Taiwan
C2 Nauru
C3 Andorra
C4 Cyprus
C5 The Gambia
C6 The Bahamas
C7 World Meteorological Organization
C8–C9 Mozambique
CA–CE Chile
CF–CK Canada
CL–CM Cuba
CN Morocco
CO Cuba
CP Bolivia
CQ–CU Portugal
CV–CX Uruguay
CY–CZ Canada
D2–D3 Angola
D4 Cape Verde
D5 Liberia
D6 Comoros
D7–D9 South Korea
DA–DR Germany
DS–DT South Korea
DU–DZ Philippines
E2 Thailand


E3 Eritrea
E4 Palestinian Authority
E5 Cook Islands
E6 Niue
E7 Bosnia and Herzegovina
EA–EH Spain
EI–EJ Ireland
EK Armenia
EL Liberia
EM–EO Ukraine
EP–EQ Iran
ER Moldova
ES Estonia
ET Ethiopia
EU–EW Belarus
EX Kyrgyzstan
EY Tajikistan
EZ Turkmenistan
F France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
G United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
H2 Cyprus
H3 Panama
H4 Solomon Islands
H6–H7 Nicaragua
H8–H9 Panama
HA Hungary
HB Switzerland
HB (HB0, HB3Y, Liechtenstein (uses prefixes allocated to Switzerland)
HBL)
HC–HD Ecuador
HE Switzerland
HF Poland
HG Hungary
HH Haiti
HI Dominican Republic


HJ–HK Colombia
HL South Korea
HM North Korea
HN Iraq
HO–HP Panama
HQ–HR Honduras
HS Thailand
HT Nicaragua
HU El Salvador
HV Vatican City
HW–HY France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
HZ Saudi Arabia
I Italy
J2 Djibouti
J3 Grenada
J4 Greece
J5 Guinea-Bissau
J6 Saint Lucia
J7 Dominica
J8 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
JA–JS Japan
JT–JV Mongolia
JW–JX Norway
JY Jordan
JZ Indonesia
K United States
L2–L9 Argentina
LA–LN Norway
LO–LW Argentina
LX Luxembourg
LY Lithuania
LZ Bulgaria
M United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
N United States


OA–OC Peru
OD Lebanon
OE Austria
OF–OJ Finland
OK–OL Czechia
OM Slovakia
ON–OT Belgium
OU–OZ Denmark
P2 Papua New Guinea
P3 Cyprus
P4 Aruba
P5–P9 North Korea
PA–PI Netherlands
PJ Netherlands – Former Netherlands Antilles
PK–PO Indonesia
PP–PY Brazil
PZ Suriname
R Russia
S2–S3 Bangladesh
S5 Slovenia
S6 Singapore
S7 Seychelles
S8 South Africa
S9 São Tomé and Príncipe
SA–SM Sweden
SN–SR Poland
SSA–SSM Egypt
SSN–STZ Sudan
SU Egypt
SV–SZ Greece
T2 Tuvalu
T3 Kiribati
T4 Cuba
T5 Somalia


T6 Afghanistan
T7 San Marino
T8 Palau
TA–TC Turkey
TD Guatemala
TE Costa Rica
TF Iceland
TG Guatemala
TH France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
TI Costa Rica
TJ Cameroon
TK France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
TL Central African Republic
TM France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
TN Republic of the Congo
TO–TQ France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
TR Gabon
TS Tunisia
TT Chad
TU Ivory Coast
TV–TX France (and its Overseas departments/territories)
TY Benin
TZ Mali
UA–UI Russia
UJ–UM Uzbekistan
UN–UQ Kazakhstan
UR–UZ Ukraine
V2 Antigua and Barbuda
V3 Belize
V4 Saint Kitts and Nevis
V5 Namibia
V6 Federated States of Micronesia
V7 Marshall Islands
V8 Brunei


VA–VG Canada
VH–VN Australia
VO Canada (formerly Dominion of Newfoundland)
VP–VQ United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
VR Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of the PRC)
VS United Kingdom
VT–VW India
VX–VY Canada
VZ Australia
W United States
XA–XI Mexico
XJ–XO Canada
XP Denmark
XQ–XR Chile
XS People's Republic of China (PRC)
XT Burkina Faso
XU Cambodia
XV Vietnam
XW Laos
XX Macao (Special Administrative Region of the PRC)
XY–XZ Burma
Y2–Y9 Germany
YA Afghanistan
YB–YH Indonesia
YI Iraq
YJ Vanuatu
YK Syria
YL Latvia
YM Turkey
YN Nicaragua
YO–YR Romania
YS El Salvador
YT–YU Serbia
YV–YY Venezuela


Z2 Zimbabwe
Z3 North Macedonia
Z8 South Sudan
ZA Albania
ZB–ZJ United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
ZK–ZM New Zealand
ZN–ZO United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
ZP Paraguay
ZQ United Kingdom (and its overseas territories/Crown dependencies)
ZR–ZU South Africa
RST SYSTEM:
The RST system is used for giving reports of the signals received. “R” stands for
Readability, and has range from 1 to 5.
“S” stands for Signal Strength, and has range from 1 to 9. “T” stands for Tone and has
range from 1 to 9.
During voice communication only R and S report is given, whereas on Morse code Tone of
the carrier also must be given.
Following statement shows the meanings of the figures used in the RST system:
Readability
1. Unreadable
2. Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable
3. Readable with considerable difficulty
4. Readable with practically no difficulty
5. Perfectly readable
Signal Strength
1. Faint signals barely perceptible
2. Very weak signals
3. Weak signals
4. Fair signals
5. Fairly good signals
6. Good signals
7. Moderately strong signals
8. Strong signals
9. Extremely strong signals

Tone (tone report is given on CW)
1. Very rough and broad AC

2. Very hard and broad AC
3. Rough AC Tone, rectified but not filtered
4. Rough tone, some traces of filtering.
5. Filtered rectified AC but strongly ripple modulated.
6. Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation
7. Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulation
8. Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation
9. Perfect tone, no traces of ripple or modulation of any kind.
The SINPO report (Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, Overall) is manly used by
SWLs (Short-Wave Listeners) and describes the quality of a radio communication with a
five digit number. This report is more accurate than the RST that is very often just 59
and therefore doesn't really reflect the quality of the received signal. SINPO reports are
very appreciated by broadcast station for the quality of the feedback information. In this
report all digits are from 1 (worse) to 5 (best) according to the following table:
Signal Noise Interference Propagation Overall

Strength of Interferen Presence of Fading How well the
the signal ce from atmospheric characteristic signal is
received other or other s of the received
stations noise. signal.
1Barely audible 1 Extreme 1 Extreme 1 Extreme 1Barely audible
2 Poor 2 Severe 2 Severe 2 Severe 2 Poor
3 Fair 3 Moderate 3 Moderate 3 Moderate 3 Fair
4 Good 4 Slight 4 Slight 4 Slight 4 Good
5 Excellent 5 None 5 None 5 None 5 Excellent
(C) STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNALS SERVICES IN THE WORLD.
5 MHz
ID Time / Lang Call Sign State Station Name Latitude Longitude BC Times UTC / Remarks
ATA INDIA New Delhi 28 34 N 77 19 E Inactive Freq. (From National Physiological
Laboratory NPL)
10 MHz
ID Time / Lang Call Sign State Station Name Latitude Longitude BC Times UTC / Remarks

H + 14, 29, 44, 59 ATA INDIA New Delhi 28 34 N 77 19 E Cont. Inactive Freq.
H + 29, 59, CC BPM CHINA Xian 35 00 N 109 31 E H + 45-10, 15-40
20 MHz
H + 00, 30 WWV USA Fort Collins, CO40 40 49 N 105 02 27 W Cont.
IST / UTC / GMT:
I S T (Indian Standard Time) is 5.30 hrs. The time difference between IST and UTC is
5:30, Ahead of UTC (Universal Co-ordinated Time). UTC is also known as GMT (Greenwich
Mean Time). (Normally UTC is maintained during DX QSOs), Therefore when it is 06.00
hrs. IST It is 00.30 hrs. UTC / GMT. When it is 1100 UTC, it is 1630 IST
Hours of service are expressed in the form of one of the following symbols:
H24 Continuous service throughout the twenty-four hours
H16 16-hour service provided by a ship station of the second category
H8 8-hours service provided by a ship station of the second category

Intermittent service throughout the twenty-four hours, or station
HX having no specific working hours
HJ Day Service
HN Night Service
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (I T U)
ITU plays a vital role in the management of the radio frequency spectrum and satellite
orbits, finite natural resources which are increasingly in demand from a large number of
services such as fixed, mobile, broad casting, amateur, space research, meteorology,
global positioning systems, environmental monitoring and last but not least, those
communication services that ensure safety of life at sea and in the skies. This is
headquartered at Geneva, Switzerland. At present there are 193 members (Countries).
India became member of ITU On 1st January 1869. ITU is divided into three regions:
a) Region 1 b) Region 2 c) Region 3
India comes under region 3.

ITU is responsible for distribution of the radio-frequency spectrum to radio services in
different parts of the world and the regulatory provisions to be applied in order to access
that spectrum. In India the WPC Wing of the Ministry of Communications and IT,

Department of Telecommunications is responsible for allocating and managing the

Frequency spectrum in the country.
d) The following ‘Q’ codes and abbreviations shall have the same meaning as
Assigned to them in the Convention.
Q Code Question Answer or Advice
QRA What is the Name of your station? The Name of my station is
QRG Will you tell me my exact frequency Your Exact frequency is ….kHz (or MHz
QRH Does my frequency vary? Your frequency varies.
QRI How is the tone of my transmission? The tone of your transmission is

What is the intelligibility of my signals? The intelligibility of your signals.
QRK Bad 2.poor 3.fair 4. Good 5.excellent
I am busy (or I am busy with …name/call
QRL Are you busy? sign).
Your transmission is being interfered
QRM Is my transmission being interfered with.1. Nil 2.Slightly 3. Moderately4.
with? Severely 5. Extremely
I am troubled by static 1. nil 2.slightly
QRN Are you troubled with static? 3. Moderately4. severely 5.extremely
QRO Shall I increase TX power? Increase TX power
QRP Shall I decrease TX power? Decrease TX power
QRQ Shall I send faster? Send faster (……. Words per minute )
Send more slowly (….. words per minute)

QRS Shall I send more slowly?
QRT Shall I stop sending? Stop sending
QRU Have you anything for me? I have nothing for you
QRV Are you ready? I am ready
QRW Shall I inform? Please inform … that I am calling him
QRX When will you call me again? I will call you again at … hours
You are being called by … (on kHz/MHz)
QRZ Who is calling me?
The strength of your signals is ….
QSA What is the strength of my signals 1. Scarcely perceptible 2. Weak3. Fairly
good 4. Good 5. Very good
QSB Are my signals fading? Your signals are fading.
QSL Can you acknowledge my receipt? I am acknowledging receipt.
QSO Can you communicate with…? I can communicate with
QSP Will you relay to….(c/s) I will relay to … (c/s)
QSU Shall I send or reply on this Frequency? Send or reply on this frequency
Shall I send a series of V’s (for Send a series of V’s (for adjustments
QSV adjustments On this frequency (or on on this Frequency (or on … KHz/MHz)
….kHz/MHz)?
Will you send on this frequency I am going to send on this frequency (or
QSW (or on kHz/MHz) with emission on…kHz/MHz) with emission of class
of class
Will you listen to...(c/s) on...kHz/MHz
QSX I am listening to …(c/s) on …kHz/MHz
Shall I change to transmission on Change to transmission on another
QSY another frequency? frequency
Shall I send each word or group more Send each word or group twice (or …
QSZ than once? times)
How many telegrams/mgs have you to
QTC send? I have …telegrams/mgs for you
What is your position? In latte and
QTH long (or according to any other My position is …late…long… (or according to
indication)? any other indication)
QTR What is correct time? The correct time is…… hours
QUM May I resume normal working? Normal working may be resumed.

ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations or Signals Used In CW / Voice/ Digital Communications
Abbreviation or Signal Definitio

n
AA All after
AB All before
AR End of Transmission
AS Waiting period
CFM Confirm (or I confirm)
CQ General call to all stations
CL closing my station
K Invitation to transmit (Over
NIL I have nothing to send to you
VA End of work
C Yes
TU Thank you
DE This is
WA Word after
WB Word before
WX Weather Report
R Received
SWL Short Wave Listener
YL Young Lady
XYL Wife of a HAM
Handle Name
Rag chew Longer time discussion on the air

73 Best Regards
OK We agree (or It is correct)
AMATEUR RADIO BEACON
Amateur Radio Beacon means a station in the Amateur Service having transmitter (s)
emitting carrier wave along with identification signals at regular interval. Normally they
transmit their call sign in Morse code. Such beacons can be directional or non-directional;
these beacons are very useful to find out the Propagation condition. You can hear the
Beacons on 14100 KHz, 21150 KHz, and 28200 KHz etc.
(There can be only one beacon on one band. Power o/p will be not more than 100watts.
The antennas Omni directional)
Beacon Locations Chart

A worldwide network of high-frequency radio beacons on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150,
24.930, and 28.200 mega Hertz. (CW Mode)
Slot DX Entity Call Location Latitude Longitude Grid Sq.
United Nations 4U1UN New York City 40º 45' N 73º 58' W FN3Øas
Canada VE8AT Eureka, Nunavut 79º 59' N 85º 57' WEQ79ax
United States W6W MtUmunhum 37º 09' N 121º 54' W CM97d
Hawaii KH6WO LAIE 21º 38' N 157º 55' W BL11ap
New Zealand ZL6B Master ton 41º 03'S 175º 36' E RE78tw
Australia VK6RBP Holystone 32º 06' S 116º 03' E OF87av
Japan JA2IGY Mt. Asama 34º 27' N 136º 47' E PM84jk
Russia RR9O Novosibirsk 82º 54' E 54º 59'N NO14kx
Hong Kong VR2B Hong Kong 22º 16' N 114º 09' E OL72bg
Sri Lanka 4S7B Colombo 6º 6' N 80º 13' E NJ06cc
South Africa ZS6DN Pretoria 25º 54' S 28º 16' E KG44dc
Kenya 5Z4B KIAMBU 1º 01' S 37º 03' E KI88mx
Israel 4X6TU Tel Aviv 32º 03' N 34º 46' E KM72jb
Finland OH2B Karkalla 60º 32' N 24º 06' E KP2Øbm
Madeira CS3B Santo da Serra 32º 43' N 16º 48' W IM12or
Argentina LU4AA Buenos Aire 34º 37' S 58º 21' W GFØ5tj
Peru OA4B Lima 12º 04' S 76º 57' W FH17mw
Venezuela YV5B Caracas 10º 25' N 66º 51' W FK6Ønj

QSL Cards:
QSL card is a written confirmation of a contact, Exchanged between radio amateurs.

These are of post card size. It must have your call sign, name and address, the particulars
of the contact like date, time, frequency, RST, mode and call sign of the station contacted,
power used, type of TX and antenna system etc. Collecting these cards is also part of this
hobby. For sending and receiving the cards economically, QSL Bureaus of radio clubs are
used.

INTRODUCTION to MORSE CODE:

(ONLY FOR GENERAL GRADE)
Radiotelegraphy (CW) Morse code is named after its inventor Samuel Finely Brees Morse,
1791-1872, an American artist and promoter of the telegraph.
Samuel Morse
Efficient:
Morse code is the most efficient means of radio communication. Nothing beats code for
providing vital communication through noise and interference under marginal conditions.
For few hours the operators at Andaman & Nicobar Islands during the recent Tsunami
resorted to Morse code because of low power rig with him and had only battery to
operate.
Language:
Radiotelegraphy by itself is a language. Not every amateur understands English but

through a recognized systems and combinations of DITS and DASHES every ham can
communicate in a common language, the MORSE CODE.
One of the Amateur Logo Is “ONE WORLD ONE LANGUAGE” because of this Morse code
Advantages:
Continuous Wave and Distant Stations go hand in hand. With less crowded amateur
bands, increased efficiency, CW affords the opportunity for every Amateur to work his
share of the rare ones. On Morse code much more modest stations can compete
successfully.
A majority of public service, health, welfare and emergency messages can be handled
quickly and with greater accuracy on Morse code. The amateur bands are narrow and
often very crowded. The CW occupies a small fraction of the band comparing to phone

mode. Many CW stations can squeeze in to the same band reducing interference thus
conserving spectrum. Morse code is economical, compac
compact,
t, less expensive, uses low
power. Gives global coverage and free from disturbances. It is the proud language of
the amateur and is thoroughly enjoyable.
International Morse Code Alphabets: • = Dit, ─ = Dah
Punctuations:
•─•─•─ (AAA) Full stop • — — • • — — (GW) Comma ,

••—— (IMI) Question mark? —•••• (DU) Hyphen --
•• —
—••• (BT) (Break-in)
in) or Double • — • • • (AS) Wait
— dash =
••—•• (XE) Slant or division mark / • • • — • (VA) End of
• — work
•—•— (AR) End of Transmission
•
Timing of Morse code elements and spaces between them

The basic unit of time in Morse code is the length of the dot. The duration of the dash is
three times that of the dot. The term “element “is used to indicate both dots and
dashes.
The space between two elements forming the same character is also the length of the
dot. The space between letters is equal to three dots and the space between words is
equal to five dots. This relationship is explained below:
DiT(One Unit) — Dah (Three Units) Character to Character One Dit (Unit) Letter to
letter Three Dits (Units) Word to Word Five Dits (Units)
To calculate one word: five letters to be counted as one word. (I.e. THESE = 1 WORD)
To count characters in 8 wpm in 5 minutes passage: ** 8 x 5 = 40
words, 1 word = 5 letters/characters
So, 40 x 5 = 200 characters.
Easy way to learn Morse code:
 There is no magic, mystery or formula connected to this code. Remember you are
learning the language of SOUND or THE MUSIC.
 Learn to listen to the sound or the Music of the letters and avoid memorizing dots
and dashes. Write down each letter immediately as it is received and ignore
doubtful ones.
 Do not guess but leave a blank space and concentrate on the next letter.
 Avoid thinking back, you may lose more letters.
 Practice Morse an hour a day and think of it rest of the day.
 Start writing the code as you learn and do not use capitals. This helps in picking
up higher speed. Once you pick up the speed up to 8 words per minute you may
practice writing in capital letters.
 Set aside a definite time every day and stick to the schedule of daily practice.
 Concentrate on writing what you hear and read it later. Try and copy with eyes
closed or the paper covered. Practice Morse code with a friend together and send
to one another. Attend to Ham radio classes.
Easy way to remember Morse code • = Did — = Dah
• E—T
• •I——M MIX characters Figures: -
• ••S———O —•—K•—•R •────1 ─ • • • •6
• •••H —•—•C•—••L ••───2 ─ ─ • • •7
• —A—•N —••—X••—•F •••──3 ─ ─ ─ • •8
• •—U——•G ——•—Q•——•P ••••─4 ─ ─ ─ ─ •9
• ••—V ——••Z—•——Y •••••5 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ø
• ——W—••D
• ———J—•••B

Morse key
Code Practice Oscillator
CW Keyer
MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO

SOCIETY, P.B.NO:4,
KALPAKANCHERY,
MALAPPURAM, KERALA-676551
http://www.malabarradiosociety.in

Amatuer Radio 2

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Study Manual For Amateur Station Operator’s License Examination

Good luck and have fun!

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 2

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 3

Amateur Radio Rules & Regulation

National and International Regulations applicable.

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 4

The Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules 1978 And

1. Short title and commencement:

In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,-

3. Necessity for license:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 5

There shall be two categories of licenses, namely:

5. Eligibility for license:

(1) A license may be granted subject to such conditions contained

6. Application for license:

An application for the grant of license from:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 6

(b) An Amateur Radio Society or club or a school, college or an institute or a University

7. Eligibility for admission to amateur station Operators Examination:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 7

worked in accordance with –

11. Period of validity:

12. Fee for license:

13. Authorized frequency bands, power and emission:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 8

14. Renewal of license:

15. Surcharge for late renewal:

16. Register for wireless telegraphy apparatus:

17. Location of Amateur Station:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 9

18. Portable and mobile Amateur Station:

19. Amateur Station on board ship:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 10

(i) For duplicate of license. .......................................... Rs. 100/-

21. Revocation of license:

22. Transfer of license:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 11

(b) In case of a license issued to an authorized official of an amateur radio society or

24. Surrender of license:

25. Dual holding of license:

26. Admission of foreign national to examination and grant of license:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 12

of the Act, shall be punishable with fine which may extend -

28. Repeal and saving:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 13

CONDITIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF AMATEUR WIRELESS

(See Rules 5 & 10)

AMATEUR SERVICES (ARTICLE 25)

I. Use of Amateur service

Radio communication between amateur stations of different countries shall be permitted

Administrations authorizing space stations in the amateur-satellite service shall ensure

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 14

A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite, placed at an altitude of

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 15

(2) The licensee is forbidden to transmit,-

(a) Messages like the reproduction of broadcast programs or tape recordings or

(b) false or misleading calls, or signals, news, advertisements, communications of

(c) superfluous signals or any matter which is indecent or of obscene character or of a

III. Frequencies, Emissions and Power:

IV. Frequency Control and Measurement:

MALABAR AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY http://www.malabarradiosociety.in Page 16