UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA

UNIVERSITEIT VAN PRETORIA

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
DEPARTEMENT CHEMIE

DATE / DATUM : 04/06/2007

TIME / TYD : 120 min
MARKS / PUNTE : 85

CHM 171

SURNAME AND INITIALS : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VAN EN VOORLETTERS

REGISTRATION NUMBER:: ----------------------------------- DEGREE COURSE:: --------------------

REGISTRASIENOMMER GRAAD KURSUS

SIGNATURE / HANDTEKENING: ----------------------------------------------------

Question / Vraag Marks / Punte Examiner / Eksaminator

Section A - D/
Afdeling A - D 37
15 8
16 6
17 5
18 13
19 9
20 7
85

1) Show all calculations / Toon alle berekeninge

2) Complete the pink multiple choice paper with a pencil, but use a pen with ink
for the white paper. / Voltooi die pienk veelvoudige keuse papier met ’n potlood,
maar gebruik ’n pen met ink vir die wit papier.
1
Avogadro’s number / Avogadro se getal = 6.0221357 × 1023
M = mol / dm3

Section A, each question in this section: 2 marks. Instructions: Answer all the questions on side 2 of the
answer sheet provided. Make sure to complete all personal information on the multiple choice form. Mark only one oval
per question. Use a pencil only. /
Afdeling A, elke vraag in hierdie afdeling: 2 punte. Instruksies: Beantwoord die vrae op kant 2 van die
antwoordblad. Maak seker dat u alle persoonlike inligting op die veelvoudige keuse vorm invul. Kleur net een sirkel per
vraag in. Gebruik alleenlik ’n potlood.

Question 1 / Vraag 1
For quality control of the optical reader, please colour the oval 1(i).
Kleur asseblief die sirkel 1(i), vir die kwaliteitskontrole van die optiese merkleser, in.
[0]

Questions 2-8 will refer to the following reaction equation.

Balance the following reaction equation, using the half-reaction method. The reaction medium is basic.
Vrae 2-8 verwys na die volgende reaksie-vergelyking.
Balanseer die volgende reaksie deur gebruik te maak van die halfreaksie-metode. Die reaksie-medium is
basies.

Bi(OH)3(s) + SnO2 2―(aq) → SnO3 2―(aq) + Bi (s)

2
Question 2 / Vraag 2
What is the stoichiometric coefficient of Bi in the final reaction?
Wat is die stoïgiometriese koëffisiënt van Bi in die finale reaksie?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
f) 6 g) 7 h) 8 i) 9 j) none / geeneen

Question 3 / Vraag 3
What is the stoichiometric coefficient of SnO3 2― in the final reaction?
2
Wat is die stoïgiometriese koëffisiënt van SnO3 ― in die finale reaksie ?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
f) 6 g) 7 h) 8 i) 9 j) none / geeneen
Question 4 / Vraag 4
What is the stoichiometric coefficient of water in the final reaction?
Wat is die stoïgiometriese koëffisiënt van water in die finale reaksie?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
f) 6 g) 7 h) 8 i) 9 j) none / geeneen

Question 5 / Vraag 5
How many electrons are transferred in total in this redox reaction ?
Hoeveel elektrone word in totaal in hierdie redoks-reaksie oorgedra ?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
f) 6 g) 7 h) 8 i) 9 j) none / geeneen

Question 6 / Vraag 6

Cl Cl
Xe
Cl Cl

Consider the polarity of the given compound. The compound is polar. Which arrow, will best describe the dipole
moment?
Beskou die polariteit van die gegewe verbinding. Die verbinding is polêr, Watter pyl, sal die dipoolmoment die beste
beskryf?

a) b) c) d)

e) f) g) h)

3
Question 7 / Vraag 7
Consider the ion NO2 ―. The electron pair geometry and molecular geometry for this ion will be ___ and ___.
Beskou die ion NO2 ― . Die elektronpaargeometrie en die molekulêre geometrie sal __ en ___ wees.

a) Tetrahedral and Tetrahedral / Tetrahedraal en Tetrahedraal

b) Tetrahedral and Trigonal Pyramidal / Tetrahedraal en Trigonaal Piramidaal
c) Tetrahedral and Bent / Tetrahedraal en Gebuig
d) Trigonal Planar and Trigonal Planar / Trigonaal Planêr en Trigonaal Planêr
e) Trigonal Planar and Bent / Trigonaal Planêr en Gebuig
f) None / Geeneen

Section B, each question in this section: 3 marks.

Afdeling B, elke vraag in hierdie afdeling: 3 punte.
Question 8 / Vraag 8

Which of the following elements will have the largest second ionization energy?
Watter van die volgende elemente sal die grootste tweede ionisasie energie hê?

a) Li b) Be c) B d) C e) N

4
Question 9 / Vraag 9

Consider the metal ions in the given compounds. Which ion will be the largest?
Beskou die metaalione in die volgende verbindings. Watter ioon sal die grootste wees?

a) NaCℓ b) MgCℓ2 c) KCℓ d) CaCℓ2 e) AℓCℓ3

f) GaCℓ3 g) PCℓ3 h) BrCℓ3

Question 10 / Vraag 10
Consider the valence electrons of an element. Which element, in the ground state, will have a valence electron with the
following set of quantum numbers.
Beskou die valenselektrone van ’n element. Watter element, in die grondtoestand, sal ’n valens-elektron met die
volgende stel van kwantumgetalle, besit?

n = 4; ℓ = 1; mℓ = -1; ms = + ½

a) S b) Ca c) Cu d) Se

e) Cu & Se e) all / almal f) none / geeneen

Question 11 / Vraag 11
Match the following bond angles (terminal atom, central atom, terminal atom), with the compound PCl3 2+
Pas die gegewe bindingshoeke (terminale atoom, sentrale atom, terminale atom), met die verbinding PCl3 2+

.
a) Smaller than 180˚( < 180˚) / Kleiner as 180˚ ( < 180˚) b) 180˚

c) < 120˚ d) 120˚ e) <109.5˚ f) 109.5˚ g) < 90˚

h) 90˚ i) None / Geeneen

5
 Section C, each question in this section: 4 marks.
Afdeling C, elke vraag in hierdie afdeling: 4 punte.
Question 12 / Vraag 12
Which of the following compounds will have an electron pair geometry trigonal bipyramidal and molecular geometry,
see-saw?
Watter van die volgende verbindings sal ’n elektronpaar-geometrie van trigonaal bipiramidaal besit met molekulêre
geometrie, wipplank.

a) POCl3 b) PCl4 + c) PCl4 ― d) SOCl3+ e) PCl4

f) none/ geeneen g) all / almal

Question 13 / Vraag 13
Which molecule(s) will be polar?
Watter molekule(s) is polêr?

a) BrF2+ b) BrF3 c) BrF4+ d) BrF5 e) none/ geeneen

f) all / almal g) BrF2+ & BrF3 h) BrF2+ & BrF4+ & BrF5

i) BrF3 & BrF4+ & BrF5

6
 Section D, each question in this section: 5 marks.
Afdeling D, elke vraag in hierdie afdeling: 5 punte.
Question 14 / Vraag 14
1.959 g of a compound Fex(CO)y is burned in oxygen to give 0.799 g Fe2O3 and 2.200 g CO2. Determine the empirical
formula of Fex(CO)y.
1.959 g van die verbinding Fex(CO)y word verbrand in suurstof om 0.799 g Fe2O3 en 2.200 g CO2 te gee. Bepaal die
empiriese formule van Fex(CO)y.

a) Fe(CO) b) Fe(CO)2 c) Fe(CO)3 d) Fe(CO)4 e) Fe(CO)5

f) Fe2(CO)3 g) Fe2(CO)5 h) none/ geeneen

7
 Section E / Afdeling E
Question 15 / Vraag 15 [8]

How many grams Fe3O4 can be obtained by reacting 16.8-g Fe with 10.0-g of water? How many grams of the excess
reactant remain unreacted? Show all the steps .(Hydrogen gas is the other product that will form).
Hoeveel gram Fe3O4 kan verkry word indien 16.8-g Fe met 10.0-g water reageer? Hoeveel gram van die oormaat
reagens bly oor? Toon al die stappe. (Waterstofgas is die ander produk wat sal vorm.)

[8]

8
Question 16 / Vraag 16 [6]

To determine the mass percentage of iron in a sample, the dissolved sample was titrated with potassium permanganate.
If a 0.598-g sample required 22.25 cm3 of 0.0123M potassium permanganate, what is the mass percent of iron in the
sample?
Om die massa persentasie yster in ’n monster te bepaal, word die opgeloste monster met kaliumpermanganaat getitreer.
Indien 0.598-g van die monster, 22.25 cm3 van 0.0123M kaliumpermanganaat benodig, wat is die massa persentasie
yster in die monster?
[6]

MnO4–(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(ℓ)

9
Question 17 / Vraag 17 [5]

Calculate the enthalpy for the reaction of dinitrogen oxide with nitrogen dioxide to form nitrogen oxide,
Bereken die entalpie vir die reaksie van distikstofoksied met stikstofdioksied om stikstofoksied te vorm,
N2O(g) + NO2(g) → 3NO(g)

Given the following / Gegee die volgende:

N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) ∆H = +180.7 kJ

2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) ∆H = -113.1 kJ
2N2O(g) → 2N2(g) + O2(g) ∆H = -163.2 kJ
[5]

10
Question 18 / Vraag 18 [13]

Potassium chlorate undergoes a solid-state redox reaction when heated:

Kaliumchloraat ondergaan ‘n vaste-stof redoksreaksie wanneer dit verhit word:

4KCℓO3(s) → 3KCℓO4(s) + KCℓ(s)

∆Hf°(kJ/mol) -397.7 -432.8 -436.7

S°(J/K·mol) 143.1 151.0 82.6

a) Is the reaction product-favoured

Is die reaksie produkbevoordeeld by 25°C?
[6]

b) Is the reaction enthalpy or entropy driven? Explain.

Is die reaksie entalpie of entropie gedrewe? Verduidelik.
[2]

c) What is the value of K at 25°C?

Wat is die waarde van K by 25°C?
[2]

11
d) At what temperature, in °C, will this reaction become non-spontaneous?
By watter temperatuur, in °C, sal hierdie reaksie nie-spontaan wees?
[3]

Question 19 / Vraag 19 [9]

Consider the following reaction:

Beskou die volgende reaksie:

Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6I+(aq) → 2Cr3+(aq) + I2(s) + 7H2O(ℓ)

a) Determine the cell potential, Ecell, at 25°C when [Cr2O72– = 2.0 mol/dm3], [H+ = 1.0 mol/dm3], [I+ = 1.0
mol/dm3] and [Cr3+ =1.0 x 10-5 mol/dm3].
Bepaal die selpotensiaal, Esel, by 25°C wanneer [Cr2O72– = 2.0 mol/dm3], [H+ = 1.0 mol/dm3], [I+ = 1.0 mol/dm3]
and [Cr3+ =1.0 x 10-5 mol/dm3].
[5]

12
b) Calculate the standard free energy of the cell.
Bepaal die standard vrye energie van die sel.
[2]

c) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25°C.

Bereken die ewewigskonstante vir die reaksie 25°C.
[2]

Question 20 / Vraag 20 [7]

6.1 Calculate the minimum potential required to electrolyze molten SnCℓ2. Give the chemical reaction that occurs
at each electrode as well as the balanced net-reaction.
Bereken die minimum potensiaal nodig om gesmelte SnCℓ2 te elektroliseer. Gee die chemiese reaksies wat by
elk van die elektrodes plaasvind, sowel as die gebalanseerde netto-reaksie.
[3]

13
6.2 Calculate the mass of tin produced in 1.00 hour by the electrolysis of moltern SnCℓ2 if the electrical current is
10.0 A.
Bereken die massa tin wat gevorm word, wanneer ’n stroom van 10.0 A vir 1.00 uur deur gesmelte SnCℓ2
gestuur word.
[4]

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A vo g a d ro ’s nu m be r / A v o g a d r o s e g et a l = 6 .0 2 2 1 3 57 × 10 2 3;

ö (F a ra d a y)= 96 4 85 C o u lo m b .m o l! 1

G e ne ra l G a s C o ns ta n t / A lg e m e n e G a s k o n s ta n te :

R = 8 .31 4 5 1 0 J m o l! 1K ! 1 o r/ of
R = 0 .08 2 0 5 7 L .a t m .m o l! 1

(1 ) Î E = q + w ; W m ax =n ö E

(2 ) q = ÷ .m .Î T

(3 ) ª G ° = ª H ° - T ª S °

(4 ) ª G = ª G ° + R T lnQ

A t eq u ilib r iu m / B y ew e w ig : ª G = 0

(5 ) E = E ° - R .T (n . ö ) ! 1ln Q

(6 ) E = E ° - 0 .0 25 7 (.n! 1 ).ln Q .

A t eq u ilib r iu m / B y ew e w ig : E = 0

(7 ) ª G ° = ! n . ö . E °

(8 ) a A (g ) + b B ( g ) 6 C (g );

Q = - C c / - Aa. - B b ;

a A (a q ) + b B (a q ) 6 C (aq );

Q = [C ] c / [ A ] a .[B ] b

Q = K a t e q u ilib rium / b y ew ew ig

(9 ) 1 A m p .1 s ec = 1C o u lo m b .

(1 0 ) 1 J o u le = 1 V o lt .1C o u lo m b

(1 1 ) 1 W a tt .1 s ec = 1 J o u le

15
 Standard Reduction Potentials In Aqueous at 25.00EC*
Standaard Reduksie Potensiale in Waterige Oplossing by 25.00EC*
EE (V)

F2 (g) + 2 eG ÿ 2FG (aq) +2.87

H2O2 (aq) + 2 H3O+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ 4 H2O (R) +1.77
PbO2 (s) + SO24G (aq) + 4 H3O+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ PbSO4 (s) + 6 H2O (R) +1.685
+
MnO 4 (aq) + 8 H3O (aq) + 5 eG ÿ Mn2+ (aq) + 12 H2O (R) +1.52
Au3+ (aq) + 3 eG ÿ Au (s) +1.50
Cl2 (g) + 2 eG ÿ 2 ClG (aq) +1.360
Cr2O27G (aq) + 14 H3O+ (aq) + 6 eG ÿ 2 Cr3+ (aq) + 21 H2O (R) +1.33
O2 (g) + 4 H3O+ (aq) + 4 eG ÿ 6 H2O (R) +1.229
Br2 (R) + 2 eG ÿ 2 BrG (aq) +1.08
+
NO 3 (aq) + 4 H3O (aq) + 3 eG ÿ NO (g) + 6 H2O (R) +0.96
OClG (aq) + H2O (R) + 2 eG ÿ ClG (aq) + 2 OHG (aq) +0.89
Hg2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Hg (R) +0.855
Ag+ (aq) + eG ÿ Ag (s) +0.80
Hg2+
2 (aq) + 2 eG ÿ 2 Hg (R) +0.789
Fe3+ (aq) + eG ÿ Fe2+ (aq) +0.77
I2 (s) + 2 eG ÿ 2 IG (aq) +0.535
O2 (g) + 2 H2O (R) + 4 eG ÿ 4 OHG (aq) +0.40
Cu2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Cu (s) +0.337
Sn4+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Sn2+ (aq) +0.15
2 H3O+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ H2 (g) + 2 H2O (R) 0.00
Pb2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Pb (s) -0.125
Sn2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Sn (s) -0.14
Ni2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Ni (s) -0.25
V3+ (aq) + eG ÿ V2+ (aq) -0.255
PbSO4 (s) + 2 eG ÿ Pb (s) + SO24G (aq) -0.356
Cd2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Cd (s) -0.40
Fe2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Fe (s) -0.44
Zn2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Zn (s) -0.763
2 H2O (R) + 2 eG ÿ H2 (g) + 2 OHG (aq) -0.8277
[Zn(CN)4]2- (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Zn (s) + 4 CN- (aq) -1.26
Al3+ (aq) + 3 eG ÿ Al (s) -1.66
Mg2+ (aq) + 2 eG ÿ Mg (s) -2.37
Na+ (aq) + eG ÿ Na (s) -2.714
K+ (aq) + eG ÿ K (s) -2.925
Li+ (aq) + eG ÿ Li (s) -3.045

16
Periodic table of the elements / Periodieke tabel van die elemente

1A 8A

1 2
H He
1,0079 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4,0026

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6,941 9,0122 10,811 12,011 14,0067 15,9994 18,9984 20,1797

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22,9898 24,3050 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 26,9815 28,0855 30,9738 32,066 35,4527 39,948

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39,0983 40,078 44,9559 47,88 50,9415 51,9961 54,9380 55,847 58,9332 58,693 63,546 65,39 69,723 72,61 74,9216 78,96 79,904 83,80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85,4678 87,62 88,9059 91,224 92,9064 95,94 (98) 101,07 102,9055 106,42 107,8682 112,411 114,82 118,710 121,757 127,60 126,9045 131,29

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132,9054 137,327 138,9055 178,49 180,9479 183,85 186,207 190,2 192,22 195,08 196,9665 200,59 204,3833 207,2 208,9804 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

Fr Ra Ac** Rf Ha Sg Ns Hs Mt Discovered Discovered
(223) 226,0254 227.0278 (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) Nov 94 Dec 94

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
LANTHANIDES* 140,115 140,9076 144,24 (145) 150,36 151,965 157,25 158,9253 162,50 164,9303 167,26 168,9342 173,04 174,967

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
ACTINIDES** 232,0381 231,0359 238,0289 237,0482 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

R = 8.314 J@KG1 molG1 F = 9.65 x 104 C

17