SIAGAN, KARL GERARD M.

STEM 12 – DARWIN

ACTIVITY 1 : CONVERSION OF UNITS

PART 1
1.34.5 m = 1.05 x 10^1 ft.
2. 56.8 km = 3.52 x 10^1 mi
3. 8900 slugs = 1.30 x 10^5
4. 456,000 s = 7.60 x 10^3 min
5. 60 mph = 9.65 x 10^1 kph
6. 9.8 m/s^2 = 3.22 x 10^1 ft/s^2
7. 5600 lb = 2.53 x 10^10
8. 6 lightyear = 1.86 x 10^17
9. 500,000 hg = 5 x 10^-5
10. 365.25 days = 3.16 x 10^7 s

PART 2
1. a) 8.00 x 10^0 in
b) 2.03 x 10^1 cm
c.) 6.60 x 10^-1 ft
2. a.) 2.70 x 10^3 cm^3
b.) 1.62 x 10^2 in^3
c.) 2.70 x 10^0 L
3. a.) 1.02x10^3 m^3
b.) 1.02 x 10^9 mL
c.) 2.70 x 10^5 gal
Tank can contain 1.02 x 10^6 kg of water
Tank can contain 1.12x10^3 tons

PART 3

ACCURACY PRECISION
Definition: On the other hand, assumes that Definition: It indicates the quality of the
there is an ideal value, and tells how far your measurement, without any guarantee that the
answer is from that ideal, "right" answer. measurement is "correct."

Mathematica tool/Formula : Mathematical tool / Formula :

Accuracy =( True Positive +True Negative ) / ( Precision =( True Positive) / ( True Positive + False
True positive + False Negative + True Negative + Positive)
False Positive)
PART 4
RANDOM ERROR
DEFINITION: Are statistical fluctuations (in
either direction) in the measured data due to
the precision limitations of the measurement
device. Random errors can be evaluated
through statistical analysis and can be reduced
by averaging over a large number of
observations (see standard error).
SOURCES OF RANDOM ERRORS : These
changes may occur in the measuring
instruments or in the environmental conditions.
Examples of causes of random errors are:
electronic noise in the circuit of an electrical
instrument, irregular changes in the heat loss
rate from a solar collector due to changes in the
wind
PART 5
SCALAR QUANTITIES
DEFINITION : A scalar is usually said to be a
physical quantity that only has magnitude,
possibly a sign, and no other characteristics
EXAMPLES : Mass, Temperature, Time, Speed
Distance
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
DEFINITION : Are reproducible inaccuracies that are
consistently in the same direction. These errors are
difficult to detect and cannot be analyzed
statistically. If a systematic error is identified when
calibrating against a standard, applying a correction
or correction factor to compensate for the effect can
reduce the bias. Unlike random errors, systematic
errors cannot be detected or reduced by increasing
the number of observations.
SOURCES OF SYSTEMATIC ERRORS: Sources of
systematic error may be imperfect calibration of
measurement instruments (zero error), changes in
the environment which interfere with the
measurement process and sometimes imperfect
methods of observation can be either zero error or
percentage error.
VECTOR QUANTITIES
DEFINITION : a quantity that has both magnitude and
direction. It is typically represented by an arrow
whose direction is the same as that of the quantity
and whose length is proportional to the quantity's
magnitude
EXAMPLES: DISPLACEMENT , Velocity , Weight, Force
Acceleration