Department of CSE

 
Post Lab Report
 
 
 

Experiment  No.    : 04

Experiment Name : Adder and Amplifier Circuits Using 741 Op-Amp.

Course Code : CSE 251

 
Course Title  : Electronic Circuits
 
Section           : 06
 
 
                                                             Group            : 07
                                                                                          
                                                                                            Group Members   :
Saifur Rahman
(2018-2-60-066)

Md. Arman Sheikh

(2018-2-60-084)

Nishat Sultana Supty

(2018-2-60-126)

 
 
Submitted To            :           M Saddam Hossain Khan (SHK)
                                                           Senior Lecturer
                                   Department of Computer Science & Engineering
 
 
Date of Submission : 04-03-2020
Abstract

This experiment is carried out to learn about the operational amplifiers and its usage. It is
demonstrated in this experiment that op amps can be used to build simple basic purpose
circuits such as adders and amplifiers. The external power supplies are used in pin 4 and 7 to
set the minimum and maximum amount of output possible and in the adder circuit pin 2 is
used as input here so the output voltage we get is negative. But in the amplifier circuit pin 3 is
used for input so the output is positive. We get a basic but very educational insight about the
op amp circuits from this experiment and be able to learn basic adder and amplifier circuits.

R
f

R2

2
7
6 V
O
4
3

R1
V V1
2

Figure 1: An adder circuit using Operational Amplifier.

R
2

R
1

C V
O
V D
I B
A R
A

R
Z B
I

Figure 2: A non-inverting amplifier circuit using Operational Amplifier.

Objective
An operational amplifier can be used to build various circuits to perform various mathematical
operations. Addition, subtraction, integration, differentiation, amplification etc among them. The
objective of this experiment is to build an inverting adder circuit and inverting amplifier circuit
using the μ741 operational amplifier to get a deeper understanding of how op-amps work and how
we can use them to do various operation.

Theory and Experimental Methods

An Operational Amplifier (Op amp) is a highly customizable integrated circuit element and it
can perform various mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, differentiation,
integration etc. Using the op amp we can build adder circuits and amplifier circuits which we
are going to do in this experiment.

Procedure

For the Adder circuit:

1. The required resistances are collected from the lab assistant and their values are
measured and noted down.
2. The circuit is connected as shown in figure 1 with the required resistance values
from our pre-lab design. A +15V DC voltage is connected to terminal 7 and -15V
DC voltage is connected to terminal 4 of the Op Amp from the digital trainer
board.
R
f

R2

2
7
6 V
O
4
3

R1
V V1
2

Figure 1: An adder circuit using Operational Amplifier.

3. 5V from the digital trainer board and 2V from the DC power supply is connected
as V1 and V2 according to the figure. The output is measured using the multimeter
and written down.
4. V1 is replaced by a 5V peak to peak 1 KHz sine wave from the signal generator
and the output is observed in channel 2 in DC mode. The channel is inverted
and the amplitude is written down.
For the Amplifier circuit:

5. Again, the required resistors for the experiment is collected from the lab assistant
and then they’re measured and written down.

6. The circuit is set up as shown in figure 2 using the resistances from our
pre-lab design.

Figure 2: A non-inverting amplifier circuit using Operational Amplifier.

The +15V DC is connected to pin 7 and -15V is connected to pin 4 of the op amp
from the trainer board.

7. V1 = 1V is set from the DC power supply.

8. The voltages at node A, B, C and D are measured using multimeter.

The voltage across resistances R1, R2, RA, RB are written down.
Experimental Datasheet
Results and Discussion

Post Lab Report Questions:

From the adder circuit experiment we get,

1. V1 = 5V, V2 = 2 V, R1 = 9.77kΩ , R2 = 4.87kΩ, Rf = 9.8kΩ
Measured output, Vo = -8.9 V
Now, our output should be,
= − (𝑉1 + 𝑉2) ∗ 𝑅𝑓
𝑅1 𝑅2
= - 9.039 V

Our calculated value is almost equal to our measured experimental value. This verifies our
design.

2. Input amplitude measured in step 4, = 4.88V

Inverted output amplitude measured in step 4, = 4.88V

Since input amplitude = inverted output amplitude, this verified our design of the summer
circuit using op amp.

3. Simulated circuit:

Figure 3: Simulated circuit in PSpice

 Printed output from the circuit:
4.0V

(1.1349m,3.5287)

2.0V

0V

-2.0V

-4.0V
0s 0.4ms 0.8ms 1.2ms 1.6ms 2.0ms 2.4ms 2.8ms 3.2ms 3.6ms 4.0ms
V(V1:+) V(V2:+) V(V1:+)+ V(V2:+)
Time

Figure 4: Simulated circuit output from PSpice.

4. In phasor domain,
V1 = 2.5∠0
V2 = 2.5 ∠90
Thus, V1 + V2 = 3.53∠45
It has an amplitude of 3.53 V, angle of 45 degrees, time period of 1/1000 = 0.001s = 1 ms In our
pspice output, amplitude = 3.5287 V, time period = ms and phase angle = (0+90)/2 = 45 degrees.
So, our PSpice simulation matches with the calculated result in almost every way.

From the amplifier circuit experiment we get,

5.
Pre-Lab Values Measured Values Difference
VA 1V 1.02 V 0.02 V
VB 0.83 V 0.83 V 0V
VC 0.83 V 0.6 V 0.23 V
VD 5V 4.7 V 0.3 V

Our measured values have some minor difference from the pre-lab values. This difference is
caused by the difference between the values of our pre-lab resistors and experimental
resistors.
 6.
Our measured voltages at node B and C,
VB = 0.83V
VC = 0.6 V
So, our measured VB is not exactly the voltage as VC. The difference is not negligible .Thus,
VB and Vc are not same we can say that our op-amp does not work as a virtual ground for
node B and node C (pin 2 and 3).

7. Measured voltages from step 8,

VA = 1.02 V
VD = 4.7 V

Gain = VD / VA = 4.61
Our previously calculated gain was 5. So, our measured gain is slightly lower than the
calculated gain.

8. Voltage across the resistances,

Voltage Pre-Lab Values Measured Values Difference
VR1 0.83 V 0.5 V 0.33 V
VR2 4.17 V 2.33 V 1.84 V
VRA 0.17 V 0.18 V 0.01 V
VRB 0.83 V 0.85 V 0.02 V

So, our pre-lab values and our measured values have some minor difference.

Here,

R1 = 2.12kΩ
R2 = 9.8 kΩ
RA = 2.14 kΩ
RB = 9.77 kΩ

Current through the resistors:

IR1 = VR1/R1 = 0.24 mA, where our pre-lab IR1 = 0.417 mA

IR2 = VR2/R2 = 0.24 mA, where our pre-lab IR2 = 0.417 mA
IRA = VRA/RA = 0.084 mA, where our pre-lab IRA = 0.083 mA
IRB = VRB/RB = 0.087 mA, where our pre-lab IRA = 0.083 mA

Thus, our calculated values from the experiment have some very minor difference from the
calculated pre-lab values.
 9. VA = 1.02 V
VRA = 0.18 V

Current IRA = 0.084 mA

Our impedance, Z1 = V1 / I1 = VA / IR1 = 1.02 / 0.24 = 4.25 kΩ
Our pre-lab impedance, Z1 = 2.39 kΩ
Our pre-lab impedance and calculated impedance has a difference of (4.25-2.39) = 1.86 kΩ

Conclusion

In this experiment we learned how to properly build various circuits using Op amps. Using Op-
amps we can build various types of circuits, adders and amplifiers are the most simple ones among
them. Here we also learned the basic pin layout of an Op amp and saw that op amps can indeed
work as both as an adder and an amplifier.
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