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    CHEPPO

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    AbhyudayaPrakash

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    open No, a Bas BE 2322 nas vom Centrtagal Pumps Elect! Motors Switehgears (Air or OW Circle Breakers) ‘Sedimentation Tanks wih Carter and thei Orive BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 5 CHAPTER 1 PLANNING 44 oBuecrvE ‘i objective of @ pubic waste water colton and disposal system so ensixe tal sewage cor excota and sage dacharged fam communbes propady colecled, anspered, veated to the See Settee tna tnaly ooposed of witout caving any beath or enorme potiems, 12. NEED FOR PLANNING Waste water dsposal systems can te ether the onsite type oF te Kind where water borne waste te spared offate ino water body ot on land. To Keep overall costs down, most urban ‘Sfione teday ae planned an optimum mix othe twe types depending on vious factors Panning is requ a diforont ves national stat, regional and community. Though the responsi ti vars cranes n charge a planning pase wastewater disposal systems “Gnbvontin ach caso hoy il have fo funtion win the proves tad by the naboral and state ‘Qovemmonts snd Keepin view overa Yeqatements of the aa, “The waste water disposal projet farmisted by he various State Sponsoring Rutonbas at present donot aways conan al he essen stmonts tor appraisal, hen projects ae assessed Pespae cat menett rato and or nstiuons or hndng purposes. ey are not amenate for ‘Sraparatve sy and appaaal Aso a tes Gearon stands are adopted by he Cental ans Ste agencies roping various desi parameters. is nesossaryHeeloe to specfy appropriate Slandavs and design ener and avai leer sppronches, 1 BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. In desiging waste wate colecton, tment and posal ystems. planning generally begins trom thal Saposa pont going backwards que an iograted a opt desig Tsu the CCpogughy aod te svatable haraute head supplemented by pumping essen. Onoe he dsbosa po ae Tenately selcid, tather design = gusded bythe falowang baie design considerations Enaneecng | Environmental cost “These considerations te dsrussed Below n dal Tesi roneing an ne cosas wintery MRC aN 1 Design poo, stage we population tobe served and expacted sewage How and 2 2 Topography ofthe general atea tobe served fs slope and train. Tentative tes _alabie or reatmens plant pumpng sions and disper warke 8. Avalale mystic heal in the Systm upo gh ood lew in ease of disposal & ‘ear ter o igh eo lve in casa a coastal dgcharge othe ll othe sigton feat ho commanded case of land disposal 4 Ground water depth and its seasonal tuctuaton atlecing constuction, sewer instration structural design (pit conuderatons) 5. Soll bearing capacty and type of sata expected to be met n constuction ©. Onsite spose tcaes, inducing the posses ot segregating the sullage water ‘and sewago and teusa ot reeyete sage wat wlth the households 18.2 Environmental Considerations ‘The emitonmenial and soce-econamse impacts of 8 sewage teatment plant may prove advrse dung the operation stage, Therein the telowng aspects shoud be consid dh ®) Sure Water Hydrology and Qusity ytotogal considerations atc! te locaton of oul to rvs wth regard to pretecon of ‘erty water sippy ila porns ether upstteam or dowrateam, especialy at ow fw cnatons the river Hytlogealconsioratons als help delarmine supectd disks downstream fremency ‘of foods and arought ondtns, Row velactas, aval tres to downstieom pont of eer evigation ete Surtace water quay covsderabons include compance wih rested ett standards at the ‘tscharge pont wih respect to parameters ke BOD. wwspended ah toa sols oon. grease ‘tions colforms et. Spec eneidration may be gue io te presence of pute tating sats ‘dwnaveam The aquatic ecosystem tncng fish may aso need protection in case of ves ough ‘mnmum dissoived oxygen donnsteam, uptake of emetory and persstat substances nthe ood hai, and protcton of er logtmate uses fo whch the river waters may be at b) Ground Water Quaity ‘Another envitonmenalconsideraton isthe sotantal for ground waar polion presenting by tne taint units proposed lo be but For example, cata eas, specal precautions May be ‘needed sorcep seepage of sewage om lagoons nd pons Land Wigton wou lso present ‘potential for ground water plition apc om rivets In case of ow cost satabon methods invlvng on ste posal of excreta and sulage wats, ‘round water polluton may nad special attesion ta round water abies high andthe slave poo ©) Cosetal Water Qvaity Shoreline dscharges of sewage sfluents, though Wales, could load to Coc! and al patton and act baming water qual of beaches, Oicharges have oe made ssn ofshere {o banett tom auton "and natural e-away of oxgansms belore they are washed beck to he shoreline by currents. The prosonce of nin could also promote ail grown in coast waters ‘especialy in bays where “naa crcuaton patos might keep the tone appa in He war boa, 8) Odour and Mosquito Nuisance tour and mosquto nuisance in he viity of sewage westment plant, partculaly inthe {downwind decton of prevaing winds, can have adverse mpacts olan values psc helth ‘wol being and genera uty of amenas may be theatonad. These tacos have fob considered In aettng ses for location of sewage Heatent pants and read sewage ingaton tes, ©) Publ Heath Public nest considerations parade tough al aspats of design and opetaton of sewage Ueament and dsposal projets. Some aspects Nave alessy boon rtrd to ear Pubte heath oneops ae bi rio Yas bys lus, equations and ces of races whch must Be obseved 9 ofuent discharge standards ictus permisibia mictobiand helminthic ehty requirements 1) stands tr contl of on and aculatve substances nthe ood chain 1) potent fer neate and miro poton a round waters "M1 detroaton ot inking water rescues incding wes ae ora ot bathing water gusty ¥) contol measures for heath and safety of sewage plant operas and sewage form worker uno are exposed to 1 hand raw andr ested sewage 1) Landscaping Sewage restment plan stuctwes need not be uy andunsigty. At no real ext cost, some archtectua concepts can be used and he bulngs designed osu te man cht humic ‘onoraty met wr inca, pat om the ws development of a sma garden near the pants ofice oaboratry, some onsdetations new fo be giv ostos fr dsposal ot sereringe and gt an mfonswe Mann ‘ener santaton in the plant aa and provision ot green bet sound te Westen an 193 Process Considerations Process conseraons vce factors whieh tlc the choco ueatment method, ts design itera an ote requremonts sucha the folowing 5) Wste water Flow and Charaterisies sem Ti onsts te primay data reaited or proces design, The vas parmets to be b) Degree of Tresvent Required eicateot coment emrcpal sewage, ths consded, or example, tems of removal ‘of BODICOD. mutes tvopen at phoaphoreus], cottons, olin ele. Land csposal genealy fas tmeetiosssingent osentegestndrds than disposal tosulace waters, Land depose iso rs The davantage of gulag numert removal aed thus, prefered whvover ie eauble. i oer not rougn ta tm ony sf 20D yenoval and It offer tems be Wo fo unspeciied, mcvertal remove Sater may scour. The election ofa tesimentprecess ths. depends on the exe a emaval “lcoey requred fora mporant parameters and the need fo ebvate nuisance consons ©) Performance Characteristics “The dapendabity ef perfomance of process ingle of fctuatons in eer quality 2 _quanty ae woty usc abuts ensuring sate eft quaky Sia, aby 10 vstond sme dn operational ales, alsa fxm mportan! consdaratons n choke of process. The more Figtuated process he more senstve iis moparation, Os processes the digesters, lagoons and a saya senstive lo lemporatre. The ccs has lo man wi Be charge stands tobe moti specie case ‘The patommance characte for some mathods of sewage Weatnent ate indcaod in Aspen 4) Omer Process leguirements vanous oie fctrsaecing the aie of a process inclu requirements ntsc owe ( and ts dependably operating (and conte aqupmentvequremont ant its indigenous avabity shes stat content of sludge preducton aps csposalreuiement Joss of head through pint in reation to avaale head fo sved pumping as fav as possi) cose of stag wise extarsion of plant with ime Betwoon tnd an power feqitements, a race's chon posi, based on etal costs of the twohtena, tins coiNs wel be exited to get an eplimum roluon for meting keatment oqutements snd ging a dependable peterance Unde indian candions, the extent of mechanaton adopted should general be the minum posse, tn Spun aque sds meaty eon! equpment shoul be easy to operate and Pesstan (uth ageneysy aalablo spe pas) as lar as possi. From ths view pont be ‘Mawes hat means ges callecon, szbtong fo remave hydrogen suptnde wharever necessary and Haase ve cactty, mpose afugh low! af pmration and mantonance sis. Tha option 985 etn and suppl a a nomibyinsty or tea shoud be favour dunn te ste select SAg> wherever posse, 126 Cost Considerations Fnaty tem among te tw sect optons, he overal cost al SE eat nae to be aetrmine nods tf mast ptm okt, Cpa est nce al iia costs incurred up plan str up, sucha i consructon, equipment supply and eccton costs land purchace cocte incusng legal fs, any ‘enoincoing design and superision charges Intrest chaige on loan dung constuction period rating costs ater startup of plant clue decorating costs and ed cose uch a8 ‘morta and nares chatges on espa borowengs chemical ‘maintenance and vepars 14 DESIGN PERIOD Sewerage projects may be designe! normaly to mest the requaments over 2 thity Year Pood at ther zomplenen Te pero’ beeen desigh and compton shoul also be taken ne Sccount which shout be between reef sk years depending on te ype and sizeof he roe, “Th tity year pod may however modified in rego cetan components othe poet ‘tepanting on tor use! Moor ho tacky forearyng out extensions when vequed ad fat of insteat so thot expenditure far ahead of fs eaten fe avorded Necessary Tend for hie fxpansionisupicaton a components shoud be aequred inthe begining Heel Where expensive ot ae ge eave eve etn age cpl Gay fr dplston, hy ay be ‘he project components may be designed to met the patios mention ws Table 18 POPULATION FORECAST “Tha design popudaon wll have o be estimated wth due repro ale actors govetning the ‘ure growin ana development of he project sea nthe incu, commercis, edcaona or ane 6 amnion spheres. Special factors causing sulden inmigation rine a population shoul lo be foreseen to he esto posse 1 judgement base on these f:t1s would help in seecing the mast sutabie method of dering he probable Wand ofthe population growth nthe aa or areas ol the project Wom out ofthe {atowing mathamatcal methods. graphically inerprotd where necessary 8) Demographic Method of Population Projection Populi change can occur only ote ways ) by bith population gan) by deaths {papuiaton ors) os) miratan ipopulavon loss or gain pending on hear movement ost oF IRovernent in accu in excess) Annexation ofan atea may be cenedeed as @ special Yom ot Iigration. Population forecasts ee fequniy obtained by grepanng and summing up ol wopaate bak Folate projections of natra ncrees and of ret mit and fe expresed as belo The net eet of bets and deaths on population is tem natural inrease (natura crease Henne exceed bts), Migration aso atc he numberof bith and Seth in an ce and So, projections of net rnigraon ae reyated bere proectons fr nara neease TABLE DESIGN PERIODS FOR COMPONENTS OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM [AND SEWAGE TREATHENT 3 (Component Recommended Ciariicaton No Design Peron 1 » “I aya stould be designed fo the prospect population of 30 years as fe replacement snot possible ing 2 Panping Statens (Ci » Dupleatng machinery within te works) pumping ston would be easiest ot (design pio. 3. Pumping Maéhinery 6 Lae tying ehh ia genera 4. Sewage Treatment 2» “The constuction may be ina phased Plan ‘manne assay the ows may no ‘each th designed evel. nd iil bo \Goeconamsal fo bul fh tl ape ‘lt inal (Retr Chapter 10.2 5. Etuent sposa and 2 Provision of design capacities inthe tiation ‘eal stags Hse s economies ‘This method hus takes into account he prevaling and aicipated bit ates and death rates ‘ote regen or cxy fr he pid unit coneiertion. Ar esbmae is lso made o! Ys mrs ftom and mmarationt the commu. He gow sea wise ‘and the nel nctease of populations talovated accordingly considering al ene Tacos by antimetic! baa b)—Aritnmetieat increase Method ‘This metros is general applcaieo ange acai. In his method he average increase ‘ot population per decade Is caeulstd rom te past recoas and added to he presen! population 12 tind cut population he next decado. Ths mbes gvos alow value and is sutabie fr wel sete 12) Incremental Increase Method In ths method the ineement in attic! nrease determined tom the past decades ant the average of thal ncrement is added fo the averaje nereace, Th med ncoases the hgues 4) Geomerricat neroose Method Ins metnoa petcentage inzeaseis assumed to bo the rle of growth andthe average of he percentage nceases used tnd aul tue nerement population, Tae method gles much Moher ‘atie and is mostly appiaba for growing towne and cites hang vas! scope fr expansion 2) Decreasing Rate of Grows In tis metho tis assumed hat ate of porcanage increase decreases and the average esrease nto ate of grows salcsied Then he perenlage cease is modes by dtng he ‘decrease iat of growth Tis ms = appiiabis ony such cases ware te oe owt ot pepuiton shows a dona and 1) Grapnicss Memos he cad mene ete ro ruben ray He yn GN onsite nin 4) Graphical metod based an singe ty In this mato ho population cure ofthe ay (Lethe population vs past decades) i smoothly extended Yor geting htire vals, “Ths extension hes to be done cats ad requrer act expaiones aid good paigomest. The ine of best Ht maybe dined by the Graphical metod based on ces with sila gromth atern In tus mete te ty in question is compared wit oer tes which have heady Lundeigone the same shares of dover wie the ey un aay ude sk Tased on tne comparsan, 4 graph Between, populaion ‘and decades 's poted ont etapolntes 9) Logiate Mesos “The S shaped logit cave fer any ety gives complete tend of growth of th cy rh rom begining te satraton im populstion theo. Te methods appear vary age ies th Suticant demograghe data hy Method of Density In ts approach he non in ae of densty creas of population fr each sector fa ty 8 found out and popuaton forcast «done foreach sector based onthe ove approach Sain of sector wae populaon gives the populaon of ey. 15.2 Final Forecast ‘he the toracast of he prospecove population ofa projected are a ny given tine ding tho period of design can be derived by any ora al ha foregeng methods appropri 0 each case, he ony ana dsttuton ef such papultion itn te sera ress, Zones ov dts wl ga hae {0 be mace wih a discomng judgement onthe reniveprobabiee of expansion witin each zone oF distr, according ios nature of development and based on esting an contemplated Yo planning ‘equations. Wherever population growth forcast oF master plane propared by ton sing o ofer opropraie aunties are auaabe, to decison Fegan the design populaton shold take the Worked ut examples for estimation ofthe ute popdation by Som ofthe methods ave given in Appondin 12 116 ESTIMATION OF WASTEWATER FLOW Sansany sowage is mosty the spent water ofthe community draining int the sews system wth some ground wale and a achon of storm wate om te area eahinginto Domest seme isthe wastewater tom sitchen. batoom, lavatory. tolet sod lundes. Th wate soppy ee fommntios alrady contains mineral organic mates lo which haman avert, papers det ther Mad ‘wastes and other sutstanens ate 8803, Insta wastowetets vary in composi with indus operations. Sam are aie clean tins waters, ors are hea laden wn erganie at mineral mater. or mi corosive,pasonous, {tamnatle, cr explosive sunstaces, ‘Somo to so objctonsbie that Dey should not be admit tne puble sowerage system. Ofhers cota so ie and such uobjectonab waste mates Patt Is sao to schorgo Bem i som daa or dee tonal bodes of war. Tau waste Follw the uid tes of he Paluton Board er any ster competent shorty ‘Thee ae wo types of Sewerage sytoms 1) Separate system. where one is designed 0 cater othe manip wastewaters and a econ to fe car of star ws Hows 803 1 Combined system where bth munipal wastewater as wed as storm wale ave camad For estimation of wastewater flow in he case ofa network designed carping ant mud wastewaters. atowance i guneraly made for inkvaton of wound water Brough jae 182. Per Caplta Wastewater Flow ‘vo of wastewater tow depands upon at of water supay to te community and he rte ot round water ntiraton The dotnus of estimating the quaitoe cf water fom se decseed 17 SEWAGE CHARACTERISTICS CChotactereaton of wastewater is essential for an etlctve and economical wasowster management programme. Rhein the choice f Westnet methods, deccng the avant of Westman tecossing te bonetal wavs of wastewater and utising the waste paricabon copay of etal Dots ef watr ina planned ard contaed mare. Whi anaiyas of waste each parr cme8 (advisable, data rom oer sna cis may be used during nal stages of planning, (Quay parameters for whieh seaage Isobe tested are discussed in 105 ATA Effect of msustal Waste ‘Waste tom inassties can frm an ingortant compavient of sewage How both in volume and composition tis therefor necessary to otect Stale data about nalre of néues qty ad character ofthe waste and ter vanaions which may afect the sewstage system of fe sewage {weatment process. Quy and character of waste wer eta be bared on ow masuraments ot labora anaes ofthe corpse samples, 18 SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION ‘Survey sd investigation ae pre-tquistes both fr taming ol the petininary report an the Proparaton ola detailed sewerage projet. The engineering and psc devisons ave are cepensort ‘on te comeciness ofthe data colucted ands prope evan Foran etlechvs investigation, atroad knowladge ofthe prcloms ely to be faced cing the varus phases of plementation ofthe projec ls essonha infomation on phsiew. devel ‘aca and other aspects has tobe ealeted 1B. Pwwstea AsPecrs ‘These would necesstate the colecton of inlamation relating 8) Tonogiapty or elvaton dteence needed fr design o sewers and location out ak )_Subsoi conditions, sueh as ype ot stata key to be encountered. depth of gun wate abe ands uctuson Inthe absence any records, pretminy date sou ‘be calected by pug aleat 5 Ul bores or Wa ps per hectare ©) Underground stuctures tke storm dain and appurtonances ty survey stones: uty Services ke house conecions or waar suply and sewage, eect nd eephine ‘ables, gas Ines and 1) Location a streets ane acing areas Wey ta be merged oF annexed Possible sources of imi ao, existing mags and pln showing sets hor revenue town surveys or Survey of nda maps, Other soutces ave topogaphes! mips of Susvey ona 4 avaiable wh exsbng spotlevals, seta! photographs, photographs. ol compen, stacey tor ‘supplementing te exsng sumer suveys by concerned autores the Mnipates st eas Departments 18.1.2 Deveroruenta, Aspecrs “The folowing should ba taken ilo account 5) ypes of and vse, such a commer indus, eden and recreational: extent foes tobe served 51 densty of population, ends of poration growth and demographic sts ‘eqns planning recores, ands plan flow gaxgng ecards, steam fow fcores, metearotgeal da ©) ype ad number of ndusties for determing quanty and natu ot wastes and Iaeston of tor escharge ports 4) existing drainage and sewerage tai ae data retting to hem ©} ow im exsting sewers and sewers of similar areas to stse8s the ow characterises eto! and so oconams data @) bass of design and ifomaton onthe maintenance of existing sewers ant hy etuont csposa sites and mr vatabity, So Petit Cono! Boars. Fisca. Aspects “The various factors Dat wit have an portant bearing ae 8) esting poses or commaments of obigaton which may atlect the tna ofthe ) oustanding fan amounts sna instalments of repayments ©} svalabity of Cental and State loans, gratin ai, loans om other financing bodies Suen as Lite nsuance Cerporaton,inaustlal Development Cerpraton, HUCCO, Interatonal Bank for Reconstucton and Development and er fara and 4) present water ates, sewertax and ravens realised trom hem, sie of propeny pls la holding the economic condon of commiaty wit respect fo toe Pang Eapacty and ©} facts atecting the cost af constucons,epeation and maintenance. Some ofthe informaon can to obained Irom te records relating to Hurcipal and State Tay ves Acts and Rules governing loans, procedures ar inning projects ana esters snd ecors of he autres maintaning wae supply and Sewage Sterns omen aspects “Te consiarations that ar Helo influnee ae 5) changes in politcal boundries by piysical acqubiton or merger of adlacent ommurites Sr by possible extension ot mis 1) feasity of mulizopiona or mult municpal systems ©) provaing water pobaton provonton statutes.oher rules ant reg (dscharge of indus! and domestic wastes (d) present status of the govermental, semigovernmental ot municipal autiorty Sponsoring the project, eapscy, adequacy. efectveness andthe desabity of 1 ‘modieaben er necessty of a new organisation 0 sallaclnly implament and ‘maitan te projet ane 4) the inconveniences ikaly a Be caus tothe community duing exection and the feasibity of minmsing them by sulablealgnmento location ofthe compan ot the system, Posse sources of infomation are Nations! Acts, Slate and Municip Laws and Byelaws, rresf We past mecing the minal or ob Gov odes wn ecusens win ote 18.2 Project Surveys 11.24 Preunmasy Provtcr Sunveys ‘ns sconcorna wth the broad aspects of te project. Dalaon aspects suchas capecty requrod bese stangement and sie physi estires ecg enaalayot ond di ava Stemont spose lates. pobaba cat and poste metas of tain, sol be ceted fo prepare an ongnerng opt esertng he seope ad cost the ject wit veesnate accra. Invramong such estimates, coe conadeaton mest bo guen to he esealaion of pees ef base atl aay iv one pecio and Sa el Tote be 1822 Devaueo Proutcr Sunvers Survey ors phase frm the basis fr the engiserng design as wel as fo te preparation plans an spoctieatons tor Beeporaton nthe detaiea project report. In cortas fo pelennery Survey Bis survey must bo praise and canta contours of al he areus 12 te seed sng ae deta ot wi ae heer prepare cain and coat of pans wing the ad ature as wo as oxen ofthe exsing undorground suctiresraqurtn placement negcnen Clearance. Such deta surveys ae necessary lo esiabish rights of way minnnse vty reeraton ost. obtan better bls asd peevt changing a erutng ot ines. 18.29 Constmucion Sunvevs {A conto pints such a baselines and bench mats for sewer agnment and grade should be essed by he wane sony nero fe opned craton Al ee pons shes 2) Pratminary Layouts Betoro startng be work, his oa. work are9s, clang ins and pavement cuts shoals beta out clearly We onsure Bathe werk proceeds smocth. Appch oats detours by passes and otetive fencing sad aio be al at and constted porto undeshngsewsrcenswcbon work ‘layout work must be competed and. chesked belore constuction begs b) Setting Une ana Grade The tansler of ine and grade Nom contol points, established by te engines, tthe corarucon werk shouldbe the rorponsity ofthe extevtng agency works completes an MEMEO gowaly WEdIerStig te hoe ant grade ot te Sones ae acid ‘The procotu fr establishing ine and grade where Nines ae to bo employed in sewer system are daruased 97-12 4.9 PROJECT REPORT 121° Generst A projets nave to ftlw sine stages botw ‘completed. The various stages are the period thay are conceived and re nvestment Planning| Preparaon of projet report Appraisal and Sanction CConsietion of aces and canyng ot suppor actos ‘Operation and Maintsnarce ontoting and foes back 1.9.14 Prouter Reports Project eprts del wth al aspects of pre nwestment panning and estabsh the need as we as te fonsny of projects techniealy, nancy, sooaly,eutuely, envronmetaly, legaly 8nd iMeitatonaty” Por bi plots exanomeal easily may also Nave te be exarsned. Project rapt “Should be prepoed in vee stages ve sonication ropa (i) prefeasily eeport and (feast Fepart_ Projets for sat owns or tose formng pats of a progamme may nt requre preparation ‘teasisity reports, Detaled engneeting and preparation of fecha! spectieabon and tendet ‘Soeur oc hot necessary for akg investment deesions, since tose acts canbe cared out ‘ring the implemonianon phase of project Fet Smal roots, however, may be convent’ to ‘tcde Seated egnecing athe project oper. standard design and Sreing ean be apt Since project preparation que expensive and ime consuming, allptjets should ney proceed trough Hives sages ond atthe end ofeach sage a secison shot be faken whether 1 rocead to tne planing stage ad commit be necessary manpowor and nancial resources for {fo no stage. Report a he and of each singe should mludo a mo table and cost estimate for Messeating ins aon stage ality and avoalste sched fora ure stages of project deweopmen aking ino consveraton time requires fore ang arproval ofthe report. proving tuning fe he hex! stage, mebisng personnel oF fing agency forthe neat Sige of project preparation) a (ganering, pays surveys. ste nwesigatons et “The basi design of «poet i uence by he euborostrgansations who are involved In approving, mplemening, operating and maitaning the project. Therefore the nstional ‘Srangemants tow whel a projet wile boughtinle operation, must be considered lhe projet propaaton stage, Smsarlyresponetbaty foe project preperation may change at various slages. Frangements mth respect snaud be falsed To eae stage of project prparaton Some thes ‘more an ene organésaton may have eet layin the varaus logos of poparaon of & project This norfore necosary fo ony singin ont to be vespensibie for oval management and Coordination of eech sage ef project preparation iis sesable that the implementing authority ‘ontiedandthose response for aptatan ofa project consuted athe pect preparation sage 19.2 Wentieation Report, Mentiication reports basally a desk stay, tobe cates out eying pari on he essing inlormatin.Itcane prepared reasonahy ely by those who ae tami wih the projet ares and ‘Maedn at post components ths opatsessentaly mean! or establish to new Tr 8 roe ‘nscaing they ateatves which would mest the requrements. aso provides an idea of the ‘magnitude of cost estimates fa prject tocitate banging te proc inthe ping wi gee ‘jc and makes ou a cae er abtarang Sanction toner expense fr caring cu ve Non sagee ot proc re 9 8 a o a oy » on. The repr shouldbe bet dined he flor eon ‘endietion of he project ares and ts phys enronmant commercials. educational culual andaligus importance and asttes nad around the project area (also pant out specal acts or astashments the delence or others of anal importance, ‘isting populaton physic! aston and socio-economic analysis present maslonaler disposal arrangement inthe projec area, pointing out aecences any, Insystom of colacton srt beaten! populaon projecton for the panning perod, according to exting and te ond use plans temas pane fay esa the neotfor aking up a proectin the gh of wishing and tire dnc waste ‘war csposs seraees, porting out advese impacts o ran-mpiementtion othe pec bring ou how he projet woul ti wh he natonsihegicnaizecoralsaogies and with te general overal development i te prj! area ident a stati plan fer ong tm development of waste water csp! seis in the Dron an he intent of tng eget ar aa sien Oe pa, stato he objectives ofthe short tem project under consideration, in tems of popu be Sovved ane impact ofthe projet ater compisten, lly ncabg the design pod rbot physical facies and supperting Dretminay estmatos of costs (cmpanentrse) of consrucon of psi! tacties and upporing ates, costa operation and maintenance \ontity source or rane capa works snd eporaien and maintenance, work ou aust Ioarden (dob servicing» operational expands indeate situations responsible or project approval, tnancng, implementation, operation and ‘antonance fg, Cental Goverment iste Gvernmunt Za Pawwhad Local Body. Water Supriy Bons) inseate crgansation responsible for preparing he projecteport pi-teasity epot foasbty ‘upor), cos! estates fr prpaeng projet report an sources o fund oan eparaio pect reson ines me table or arying out afte stages ofthe project ade eat dae by which the project might be eeeratons ‘inscate personnel strength requted and taeing needs for implmentatin ofthe proc ‘cate Mt any pvelarpecuier siultes ot poscy ot aher nature that ave lacy to be ‘cncounted foimplementing to projet an ew thee could bo Tesoked recommend actions to We taken 1 procoed ther 1) an index plan o a scala of em =2 Km showing the pect area. exiting works Droposet works and lneaton of corsmuntyowrehip of instuton to be selves |) a-senamatc ingram showing te satient evs of project component 193 Preleaibity Report ter lesranceis received, on the basis of dentieatan report tom the eoncorned autor anaior oumer ot the poset and comments are made to tance fui sues, the work ot ‘reparation of pefeantsty port shouldbe undertake by an appropiate agoncy. which may be ema plang and csi ell of he Dept deaing ih Wastewater Board. Local Body, of profesional constants wothinn the wae! suppysantaon onuronmentl seas. Inte afercase Keome a eteronce forthe sity and ts spa shoo be emetaly set ou Prefoasibiy study may be tr separate and dcevete stage project preparation orf ay batho Hst stage ofa compeenensie Taaspily sty. reir cave ie neceseary ttt recode taking up ots fenaiay sty Boraure the pretessiy style onsontly cave vt or soreringanraniang ol poet erative, ae {ovselect an appronite atest for caring os setae feasibly study. The prefessty shay Felpan selecting aso ler project which wi Hote ong term sate for improving services the context of oval petspectige pan for development of te pret sea, 1 prefeasility report can be taken tobe & Praiminary Project Rano, the suture ant compan of wes are 5 Yalow |) executive summary 1 nrotucton iy the project area are the nad ora poject ‘tony tem plan for wastewater dispel 1) proposed wastewater deposa poet ve) comohsins and recommandatons i) totes. quia and annexes 193.1 Bxacumve Semen Ini goo practice to provide an Executive Summary at he beginning of he report, ging ts essential features, baste satay. approach doped develapng the project athe salen fares 1982 wamoucrox “Ths section explains the agin ad concep of he proj, how it was prepared andthe scope land stats of th por These sv sectors may be detaled as unde: ®) Project Genesie 4a how he des of he proc ergata, agency responsi or promoting the Propet » » » "fist and explain previous stusles and reports on the prec. incking the peeect, ‘dentition report ane agencies wich prepare them 8) describe how te projet ts n te regional development pan ong term seco pan land use sian, public heath care and wastewater managemonprogtane ee ‘How was the Stay Organised 1) explain how th study wae cared out, agencies tesponsibie fr carrying ou he ‘aus elements of work and thor tlm praparing the sty 1 te aie foto or he shy Scope and Status ofthe Report 1) how the pefoasibity report fs in be veal process of projet prepa 5) deserve ata taon| i) stint repens pape ding the sty explant he pretea Sy report steno to be use fe cbt asproval othe PROMECT AEA a) THE NEED Fan ME Prosecr ‘The Section establishes he ned forthe project should cover the flowing Project Area 5 give qeonraphical deseriton of he project area wi elererce to map 1 describe special eaues such as topography, clmate, cule elon. mation. ee: ‘which may eect proms design, snplementaion and poration ii) map Showing’ aeminstatve and pote! jseeton 9) describe any ate. cultura 0 regious aspects othe communes which may have 8 being onthe poe pepo Population Pattern ') Estimate population the project tes cating te sources of daa or he hai oe the estimate 5) review plenous popiaton dats, strc loth ales and causes iy estimate tinue popudaion grow wath cfrent methods and ineate the most ‘robbie gow tas ad compare ath past populaon growth Wend, M1 compare sre nets within the poe a Y)—dacuss facts tly o att population growth rates ° 6 16) este probable denaites of population siren parts of th project ren at ature ‘eras ot ime eg fe, ten and erly years aboas vi) lcs ates of seasonal mation any within the ae sii) ndeate enplestion of the estimated growth pats on housing ant other loc Economie and Soci Conditions |) desctve presenting condone of he people cf itorent socio sonoma tne ‘roups 1) identity neatons according to Income levels or other indications of sci-economic iy show on the projet area map lcatan wise densty of population, poverty groups and ‘She concetveonsandn present and frelanduses (os pe velopment pan) 1s) tomato on housing condone and rltveproporians of owners an tenants W) provide deta on ecco, larecy and unemployment by age and sox 18) provide data and make proecton on housing standards and average household i) describe pute nosh status win the projet areawth particular attention 1 ciseasos felted 1 water ar sanitary conatans vis) provide dt on matemal an tant moray ates and Me exprctany 1a) scuss the statis of heath care progfammes inthe atta a wal as other projets ‘ch nave beoung on mprovement menvsonmenta sanitation ‘Sector Institutions 1) danny he inst (Government, Semi: Goverment Non Government which are Irwaetdin anya he stages of water suppl and sastaton project development whe rea (Pannng, peparng popes. Search, implomentaon. operon an man tenance and ovation) 1) commenton roles response and inntation ftv oer) a heed Srewuons nelson to water supply and sentation Ths may aso e idea on 2 agra Existing Wastewater, Disposal Systems and Population Served Describe each ofthe ening wastewater displ systems in the project aren. cating the [Area served, quanty and quay of wastowaler collected, components of th sytem such as collection network pump staons. vermont wos and elven disposal methods ot Drainage and Sold Wastes Biety deserve existing systems of stom water diinage ard soe waste collection and dept Th ascssn sot be eed tes of tar mpa cn waste anager an o a » 9 ” Need for a Project Comment as to why the exstag system cannot sai fe existing and ploeced ‘domands for series with olrence to popuation observe 4 Desctne te consequences na taking wa proc, (ach may che rehabitaton lor aeveloping a nw system) 9 Inicio 1 rgovonent ot exsing system, epanin of sytons, hygvene art comment on uigeney af projet preparation snd inlomontaon, one Tene Puan Fon wassumaren eros Wastewater dsposalsovices have le be planed a a phased devslopment pogiamme and ‘any shor term projct shout bo such a¢ was nto lg term sate. aon lett Plan or the statege plan shouldbe consistent wi he ture overall evelopment pane ft Pe fas. Along term lan may be prepared fra period a 90 years and aenave eam “sequences maybe oid Te prove large eerie coverage a afoveabe cost Flom tse lemasve dvetepment sequences, a pony project 10 be mplmerted shot erm cane Selec isthe project whch hen bacomes heel of comprehensive tesiy shay Anat development sequances shoudl he Wenitied in hgh of ho coverages to be ‘schieved cing te planing pviod m phases, Thx cals for detnten of the sonny ')—poputon to be covered wih improved waste water management sy 'tayget dates by whi the above mentaned coverage would be extended within the panning pend n sual phases “%)—_consstoney an co-rdinaton 1 be mahiained between proectons for boty wae Supply and santatonsorcoe must be noted at avai ands i ne fhe pane actors which wi ulbmatey deci the seope ant scale ota tease pect Solacton of Sa 19 Plan Esch othe alta development sequences, wich can overcome the essing deinen end meet he present and ature naees, consist of a sanes of improvements and expansions te be plemented over the planed povod. Since al ede canna be sated med ‘ae 8 recent ley eminent ore 9) posses of ehaniiatng andi de-botteneckng the extn systems ')—attmatve teatment systems and pumping echemes limay als be necessary to ascertain supporting actives tke heath educate sa sng ‘and Wstional provement tc, ate necessny to be melded as essental comune of a 1938 a the prec. All te physical and supporting input need to be carefuy costed fap and Spetaing) ater prepanng_ preliminary designe of al facibessdonid Tor each of the evelopment sequences, Mase may ten be evalted fr Teas cost olson by Met present Srerty meted, which siwalves exprssing all ests (epi! and operating) for 9aeh oar ‘Scanse tema, discounting ftir costo present value selecting the sequence wis the As stated above, costs ara 10 be expressed in ecanamic fms and notin tems of ther finance costs, This = becuse the various atemabver shod role racic cost to tho fcconomy as awhole at iferent ttre dates Cortng of the selected project may Powever be Sono in ors of nancial ost, dlyconeienng lation autng poet mplomeniation Prorasto WASTEWATER PROXCT Detals of the Project ‘The projec o be stlactes may consist those components the least cost alenaive ot evslopment sequence. which can be mplemented Gung he nex! 39 4 years Components ote Seloced project nay Oe a town 8 |) rhitaton and de-hosenecing othe exsbg fcitios 5) constuction of new fits fr improvement and expansion of existing systems ti) suppor actutes the taining, consumer education, pe motion ae hb equipment and etter messures necessary far operation and mainienance of the ‘sng and expanded systoms ©) consutaney services needed) (4 any) lor conducting fosibaty study, detated ‘ngnening,conatuston supentain, seco ccanomie studies, upon ates Project Components [project components shoul be thorough described. sly supported by documents such as tection maps iy techie imation foreach physical eampenent and economic anayss where recessary Ii) plekminaryenginasing designs and drawing® in espoct ofeach physica component ich as ealecon nator pumping stations, Wearment plans, dsposs systam Implementation Schedule hing nto conetortion ime oir fort tamer steps tobe taken uch a8 condcting essbaty sud, apprasal of the projet, sanction {Ole pect tnt ebitsaton, implementation, al and commissioning. in preparing Is schedule ‘Sue consteraton should be pven toa aulhertesgroups whase mputs and detsons canal the projet “ ns tng Cost Estimates 19 Cs estimates of eat component of he projet shoud be prepared and annual requvement of funds fer each year sul be worked oa, aking into onsierao th ley aul pee ot ‘each comonent. Ove allowance shouldbe made fr ghysiealcontngencis ned annual ise Ta exerts wil esl in avving a oa funds fequired annua for impementaon of fe eect, ©) Prefeasiitty Report Tha po-eos iy pot shout rng out ny major endenentl and socal impact ne poject Is thly to cause and these aspects wit tect fe tsasity, (Rott to 132) 1) Institutional Responsiviltes ‘The pre foasbity report sould Went the various erganisatonsiseparimensiagencies who would be tesponsitw for futher pansng and projet preperaton, approval sancton evar, Implementation. open and maintenance of the project and anhsat lse he marpower nected implement ane inter operate nd maitan be proc sould also dscuss specal protiens thal t0 be encountered ding operon and ‘maintenance, respect of avaabity of chifed and technic st, nds, Warapon, chomicae communication. power. spare pats te. Quant astmatos ct a these resburers shea oe me fad neludod ne projec rept 5} Financial Aspects ‘The capital cost ofa project a sum o ll expendi requted to be icumed Yo Complete

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