CHANAKYANATI

ONALLAW UNI
VERSI
TY
NYAYANAGAR,
MITHAPUR,
PATNA-
800001

RESEARCHPROPOSALSUBMI
TTEDI
NPARTI
ALFULLFI
LMENTCOURSE

Thi
sfi
nal
draf
tissubmi
tt
edinpar
ti
alful
fi
lmenti
nMi cr
oEconomi
csf
or
t
hecompleti
onofB.
A.,
LL.B.(
HONS.)course

“
ECONOMI
CIMPACTOFPANDEMICON
MI
GRANTWORKERSANDLABOURFORCE”

PROPOSALSUBMI
TTEDBY:

SAJALSANATAN

ROLLNO.
:-
2149

SEMESTER:
-THI
RD

COURSE:
-B.
A.LL.
B(HONS.
)

PROPOSALSUBMI
TTTEDTO

Dr
.SHI
VANIMOHAN

FACULTYOFECONOMI
CS
 DECLERATI
ON

Iher
eby decl
aret
hatt
he pr
ojectent
it
led “
ECONOMI
CIMPACT OF
PANDEMI
CONMI
GRANTWORKERSANDLABOURFORCE“submi
tt
edby
meatCHANAKYANATI
ONALLAW UNI
VERSI
TYi
sar
ecor
dofbonaf
ide
pr
ojectwor
kcar
ri
edoutbymeundert
hegui
danceofourment
orDR.
SHI
VANIMOHAN.If
urt
herdecl
aret
hatt
hewor
krepor
tedi
nthi
spr
oject
hasnotbeensubmi
tt
edandwi
l
lnotbesubmi
tt
ed,
eit
heri
npar
tori
nful
l
,
f
ort
heawar
dofanyot
herdegr
eeordi
plomai
nthi
suni
ver
sit
yori
nany
ot
heruni
ver
sit
y.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I
tisaf
actt
hatanyr
esear
chwor
kpr
epar
ed,
compi
l
edorf
ormul
atedi
nisol
ati
oni
s

i
nexpl
i
cabl
etoanext
ent
.Thi
sresear
chwor
k,al
thoughpr
epar
edbyme,
isa

cul
minat
ionofef
for
tsofal
otofpeopl
ewhor
emai
ned,
whogav
ethei
rint
ense

suppor
tandhel
pedmei
nthecompl
eti
onoft
hispr
oject
.

Fi
rst
ly,Iam v
erygr
atef
ult
omysubj
ectt
eacherDR.SHI
VANIMOHAN,wi
thoutt
he
ki
ndsuppor
tandhel
pofwhom t
hecompl
eti
onoft
hispr
ojectwasaher
cul
eant
ask
f
orme.Shedonat
ed hi
sval
uabl
eti
mef
rom hi
sbusyschedul
eto hel
p met
o
compl
etet
hispr
oject
.Iwoul
dli
ket
othankhi
mforhi
sval
uabl
esuggest
ionst
owar
ds
t
hemaki
ngoft
hispr
oject
.

Iam hi
ghl
yindebt
edt
omypar
ent
sandf
ri
endsf
ort
hei
rki
ndco-
oper
ati
onand
encour
agementwhi
chhel
pedmei
ncompl
eti
onoft
hispr
oject
.

Lastbutnott
hel
east
,Iwoul
dli
ket
othankt
heAl
might
ywhokeptmement
all
y
st
rongandi
ngoodheal
tht
oconcent
rat
eonmypr
ojectandt
ocompl
etei
tint
ime.

It
hankal
loft
hem !

-
--
-

SAJALSANATAN

ROLLNO.
:-
2149

B.
A.LL.
B(HONS.
)
 TABLEOFCONTENT

1)I
NTRODUCTI
ON

2)REASONFORMI
GRATI
ONOFWORKERS

3)ECONOMI
CIMPACTONMI
GRANTWORKERS

4)STEPSTAKENBYGOVERNMENTI
NFAVOUROFMI
GRANTWORKERSAND
LABOURFORCE

5)CONCLUSI
ON

6)BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
 I
NTRODUCTI
ON

COVI
D-19pandemi
cisagl
obal
heal
thcr
isi
sthathasputt
heent
ir
ewor
ldeconomyat
ahal
t.How t
hispandemi
cisaf
fect
ingt
hemi
granteconomycannotbei
gnor
edor
si
de-
li
ned.I
nIndi
atoo,
theCOVI
D-19i
mpacthasgonebey
ondpubl
i
cheal
tht
osoci
al
andeconomi
cissues,
especi
all
yformi
grantwor
ker
s.

Thespr
eadoft
hev
irusf
rom Wuhan,Chi
nast
art
edi
nJanuar
y,andf
rom t
hatt
ime
onwar
ds,mostcount
ri
eshav
etakenst
ri
ctmeasur
est
ocont
aini
t.Tot
ackl
eav
irus
t
hati
sofnew or
igi
nandt
hatcanmut
ate,i
tisunder
standabl
ethatt
heI
ndi
an
gov
ernmentdeci
dedt
oimpl
ementl
ockdownmeasur
es,
soci
aldi
stanci
ng,
andbor
der
cl
osur
es.Howev
er,di
dthel
eader
-cent
ri
cappr
oach keep i
n mi
nd t
hel
ockdown
i
mpl
i
cat
ionsont
hel
i
vesofmi
grant
,under
pri
vi
leged,ormar
ginal
i
sedgr
oupsoft
he
count
ry.
The epi
demi
cs oft
he pastwas har
dlyconcer
ned wi
th mi
grat
ion and
l
i
vel
i
hooddur
ingt
hecol
oni
alI
ndi
a,al
thoughmaj
orI
ndi
anci
ti
esl
i
keKol
kat
a,Mumbai
,Chennaiandmanyot
herur
banpl
aceshugel
ysuf
fer
edf
rom i
nfl
uenza,smal
l
pox,
pl
ague,mal
ari
aandchol
era.Mumbaiexper
iencedadeadl
ypl
aguei
n1896andal
so
ani
nfl
uenzai
n1918.I
twasobser
vedt
hatepi
demi
cofi
nfl
uenzaar
ri
vedi
nMumbaii
n
Sept
ember1918whi
chsweptt
hroughnor
thandeastI
ndi
a.I
twasf
oundt
hatexcess
mor
tal
i
tyduet
oinf
luenz
awasnegat
ivel
yrel
atedwi
thout
migr
ati
onatdi
str
ictl
evel
anal
ysi
s,butof
fer
ednoexpl
anat
ion.Compar
edt
oepi
demi
cs,f
ami
newasseennot
onl
ycausi
ngmor
tal
i
tybutal
somi
grat
ioni
nthepastI
n1994,amaj
orepi
demi
cof
pl
aguebr
okeouti
nwest
ernI
ndi
awi
thepi
cent
eri
nSur
at.Ther
ewasahugeexodus
ofmi
grantpopul
ati
onf
rom t
hei
ndust
ri
alci
tyofSur
at.Whenmi
grant
sfl
eef
rom t
he
ci
tyt
heynotonl
yloset
hei
rli
vel
i
hoodbutt
heymaycar
ryt
hei
nfect
ionst
othei
rnat
ive
pl
aces(
BBC,
2020)
.Int
heper
iodofepi
demi
cofHI
V/AI
Dswhi
chbr
okedur
ing1980s
i
nvar
iouspar
tsoft
hewor
ld,mi
grant
swer
egr
eat
lyst
igmat
izedasacar
ri
eroft
he
di
seaseandconsi
der
edt
obeapopul
ati
onatr
isk.Thi
shasobl
i
ter
atedt
hegr
eat
cont
ri
but
ionofmi
grant
sineconomi
cgr
owt
h,i
nnov
ati
on,ski
l
ldev
elopmentand
ent
repr
eneur
shi
pinbui
l
dingci
ti
esandt
henat
ion.Ont
heot
herhand,pol
i
ciesand
pr
ogr
ammeofur
bandev
elopmentandpl
anni
ngi
nIndi
ahar
dlyl
aunchedanyspeci
fi
c
pr
ogr
ammef
ort
hemi
grant
sast
heywer
enotconsi
der
edasapar
toft
heur
ban
communi
ty.Fai
l
uret
orecogni
zemi
grant
sasast
akehol
deri
nur
bandev
elopmenti
s
oneoft
hebi
ggestmi
stakesi
nachi
evi
ngur
bansust
ainabi
l
ityandr
eal
i
zingt
hegoal
s
ofsust
ainabl
edev
elopmenti
nIndi
a.I
tist
ober
eal
i
zedt
hatmi
grant
sar
enota
v
ict
imi
zer
,norav
ict
im,butt
heyar
evul
ner
abl
e.Theyar
eengagedi
nmany3Dj
obs
(
dir
ty,danger
ousanddemeani
ng)whi
cht
heso-
cal
l
edur
bannat
iveshat
etodo.
Accesst
osoci
alsecur
it
ypr
ogr
ammes,
accesst
oheal
thcar
eandot
herent
it
lement
s
ar
egr
ossl
ydeni
edt
omanymi
grantwor
ker
sduet
olackoft
hei
rincl
usi
oni
nur
ban
soci
ety
.Manyoft
hem al
sol
oset
hei
rpol
i
ticalr
ight
sasbei
ngawayatt
het
imeof
el
ect
ionf
rom t
hei
rhomeconst
it
uencyandar
enotabl
etov
ote.Mi
grant
ssuf
ferf
rom
t
hedoubl
ebur
denofbei
ngpoorandmi
grant
s.Manypr
ogr
ammesmeantf
ort
he
poordonotr
eacht
hem duet
olackofi
dent
it
yandr
esi
dent
ialpr
oof
s.Thel
ackof
f
ulf
il
mentoft
heeconomi
c,soci
alandpol
i
ticalr
ight
sofmi
grant
sisaser
iousi
ssue
ev
ent
hought
heyar
efor
malci
ti
zens,t
hei
rsubst
ant
iveci
ti
zenshi
pri
ght
sar
enot
f
ulf
il
led.TheWor
kingGr
ouponMi
grat
ion(
2017)setupbyt
heMi
nist
ryofUr
ban
Housi
ngandPov
ert
yal
l
evi
ati
onhasexami
nedt
hepl
i
ghtoft
hemi
grantwor
ker
sin
t
hecount
ryandsubmi
tt
edi
tsr
epor
ttoCent
ralGov
ernmenti
n2017.Howev
er,
act
ion
ont
her
epor
tisst
il
lawai
ted.I
nthemeant
ime,suddener
upt
ionofmi
grat
ioncr
isi
s
r
esul
ti
ngf
rom t
heout
-br
eakofCOVI
D-19agai
nremi
ndsust
heur
gencyoft
hemat
ter
.
Thi
sresear
chpaperpr
esent
show ourunder
standi
ngofmi
grat
ionandl
i
vel
i
hood
coul
dbehel
pfuli
ndesi
gni
ngami
ti
gat
ingst
rat
egyofeconomi
candsoci
ali
mpactof
COVI
D-19.Si
mpl
ytal
ki
ng aboutt
he economi
cimpactofpandemi
c on mi
grant
wor
ker
s,i
tcanbesai
dthatt
her
eisl
ossofj
obandoppor
tuni
ti
es.
 AI
MSANDOBJECTI
VE

1.Ther
esear
chert
endst
oanal
yzet
heEconomi
cal
impactofpandemi
conmi
grant
wor
ker
s

2.Ther
esear
chert
endst
ohi
ghl
i
ghtt
hel
ossofj
obsandl
i
feofwor
ker
s

3.Ther
esear
chert
endst
ohi
ghl
i
ghtt
hesev
eral
stepst
akenbygov
ernmentt
ohel
p
mi
grantwor
ker
sandl
abourf
orce.

HYPOTHESI
S

1)Ther
esear
cherpr
esumest
hatempl
oymentwast
hemai
nreasonf
ort
he
mi
grat
ionofwor
ker
s

2)I
tal
sodepi
ctst
hatt
her
eishugel
ossofeconomyt
othecount
ry

3)I
nor
dert
ohandl
ethepr
obl
em’
sgov
t.i
ssomehowwor
kingal
otoni
t.

RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY

Ther
esear
cherhasr
eli
edupondoct
ri
nal
met
hodofr
esear
cht
ocompl
etet
hepr
oject
.

SOURCESOFDATA

Ther
esear
cherhadusedbot
hpr
imar
yaswel
lassecondar
ysour
cet
ocompl
etet
he
paper
.
 REASONFORMI
GRATI
ONOFWORKERS

Seei
ngt
hecur
rentscenar
ioi
tcanbeseeni
fsomehow t
hewor
ker
sdi
dn’
t had
chosent
omi
grat
e,t
hensomehowt
her
e woul
dnotbeanyeconomi
ccr
isi
sassuch.
butsi
ncet
her
eisnon-
aval
i
abi
l
ityofj
obsi
nthei
rnat
ivepl
acesosomehowt
heyhad
not
hingchoi
cesl
eftbutt
omi
grat
e.TheNat
ionalCommi
ssi
ononRur
all
abour
,
f
ocusi
ngonmi
grat
ion,concl
udedt
hatunev
endev
elopmentwast
hemai
ncauseof
mi
grat
ion.Onemaj
orr
easonf
orwhi
chl
abour
ersmi
grat
efr
om oner
egi
ont
oanot
her
r
egi
on i
sin sear
ch ofempl
oyment
.So her
e happenst
he same t
hing ,and i
f
somehow wor
ker
sdi
dn’
tfi
ndanypr
obl
emsofwages,househol
dst
hensomehow
t
her
ewoul
dhav
ebeennoanyr
easonf
ort
hei
rmi
grat
ion.

Mor
eov
er,t
hej
ob-
sear
chmot
ivecannotbet
hesol
ecausef
ormi
grat
ion.Theext
ent
ofmi
grat
ional
sodependsonot
herf
act
orsl
i
keage,sex,l
evelofeducat
ion,cast
e,
r
eli
gion and soci
o-economi
c st
atus of t
he mi
grant
s.Forexampl
e,wi
tht
he
dev
elopment of Bangal
ore as an i
nfor
mat
ion t
echnol
ogy (
IT) ci
ty many I
T
pr
ofessi
onal
shav
emi
grat
edf
rom di
ff
erentpar
tsofI
ndi
atoBangal
ore.Li
kewi
se,
we
obser
vet
hatsomer
egi
onsar
edensel
ypopul
atedbyt
hepeopl
ebel
ongi
ngt
oa
par
ti
cul
arr
eli
gious communi
ty.Sex oft
he mi
granti
s anot
herv
italat
tr
ibut
e
det
ermi
ningt
heext
entofmi
grat
ion.Mal
ewor
ker
smi
grat
emai
nlyt
osear
chf
or
empl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
es.Butf
emal
esmi
grat
emai
nlyonaccountofmar
ri
age.
Thust
hei
mpor
tanceoft
hesef
act
orscannotbei
gnor
ed.
 ECONOMI
CALI
MPACTONMI
GRANTWORKERS

1)LossofJobst
huscausi
ngunempl
oyment:

Thel
ockdownhassev
erel
yimpact
edmi
grant
s,sev
eralofwhom l
ostt
hei
rjobs
duet
o shut
ti
ng ofi
ndust
ri
esand wer
est
randed out
sidet
hei
rnat
ivepl
aces
want
ingt
ogetback.

I
nthegi
venf
igur
eitcanbeseent
hatsomehowort
heot
hert
her
eisl
ossofj
obst
o
manyoft
hemi
grant
s.si
nceduet
othepandemi
c,gov
ernmenthador
der
edshut
ti
ng
downofschool
s,f
act
ori
es,
andot
herwor
kingcent
resandor
der
edpeopl
etost
ayi
n
t
hei
rhome.sowi
thf
indi
ngnosol
uti
ont
othi
swor
ker
s,st
udent
saswel
lasev
ery
peopl
ewor
kingi
nanyor
gani
sat
ionhadnot
hingopt
ionl
eftt
omov
efr
om t
hei
r
wor
kingsi
teandst
ayi
nthei
rhomes.

Mor
ethanonei
nsi
xyoungpeopl
ehav
est
oppedwor
kingsi
ncet
heonsetoft
he
cor
onav
iruspandemi
cwhi
l
ethosewhor
emai
nempl
oyedhav
eseent
hei
rwor
king
hour
scutby23per
cent
,accor
dingt
othel
atestI
nter
nat
ionall
abourOr
gani
zat
ion
(
ILO)dat
a.TheCOVI
D-19economi
ccr
isi
sishi
tt
ingy
oungpeopl
ehar
derandf
ast
er
t
hananyot
hergr
oup.Youngpeopl
ehav
etof
acemanyhar
dsi
tuat
ionsi
ncl
udi
ng
di
srupt
iont
oeducat
ionandt
rai
ning,empl
oymentandi
ncomel
osses,andgr
eat
er
di
ff
icul
ti
esi
nfi
ndi
ngaj
ob.TheI
LO al
sousest
het
erm"
lockdowngener
ati
on"t
o
descr
ibey
oungpeopl
efaci
ngmul
ti
pleshocksf
rom t
heCOVI
D-19cr
isi
s,i
ncl
udi
ng
i
ncr
easedv
ulner
abi
l
ityt
oanxi
etyordepr
essi
on.

2)Pr
obl
emsofwagesduet
olossofj
obs:

Sinceduetolossofjobsnowt hereisnonewagesl eftf

orthem ,sotherecannotbe
mucheconomi cproblem thanthi
s.Nowwi thoutthewagethey(mi grantworkers)
candonot hi
ng.Can’
tt heypaythei
rrentneit
hertheycangot othei
rv i
ll
ageorplace
fr
om wher et
heyhavemi gr
ated.sotheyhav elef
twithnooptionsthantoseekhelp
fr
om government.soitcanbeseent hattheireconomicconditi
onshasbeent otal
l
y
devastat
ed.

Soinsummingupall
theeconomi
cimpactsi
tcanbesaidthatt
herei
snotonl
ythe
economicl
osstot
hemigrantwor
ker
sonlybutt
her
eislossofeconomytothewhol
e
countr
yaswell
.

Exampl
e:

Suppose‘A’i
smi gr
antworkerandisworki
nginDelhiandhi sfami
lystaysinasmall
vi
ll
ageofBhopal ,sowhatever‘
A’wil
learni
nBengaluruwi ll
deductsomeexpenses
andtherestwil
lgiv
et othefamil
ywhichmaybeusedf orfoods,r
epaymentofdebt,
chi
ldr
eneducationetc.soift
herei
snomoney( wages)i tcanbeseent hatt
heli
fe
wil
lsuff
eralot.

3)Economi
candi
nfr
ast
ruct
ural
pressur
eont
hehomest
ateofmi
grantwor
ker
s

Duet othelockdownduetopandemicmanymigrantwor
kershadfacedhar
dship
anduncertai
nit
ywhichasar esul
tnowmanymi gr
antworker
swil
lnowt r
ytofi
ndthe
employmentopt i
on,whi
chisclosert
othei
rhometownandinthei
rhomestate

Whichfur
therdepict
sthatitwil
lcreateanendt oworkerstoworkout
sidethei
rst
ate,
sosomehowt herewill
bedr amati
cpr essur
eont hestateandsomehowt he
gover
nmentoft hesestat
eswi l
lnotdomuchbecauset hei
rfi
nancesar
eweakas
comparedtootherbigcit
ieswheret heseworkerswork.

Sonowsi ncethey(migr
antworker
s)hadnojobs, sotheywillsomehowwor kt
o
earntheirli
vingandinsear
chofthatmostofthesemigr antworkerswil
lnowbe
mor edependantonagr i
cul
tur
esectorandt
hatmi ghtbet helosstotheeconomyata
greaterextent.
 4)Economi
clossi
nthebi
gci
ti
es:

Looki
ngatt
hebi
gci
ti
espoi
ntofv
iew t
her
eist
remendousl
abourshor
tageat
f
act
ori
es,
compani
eset
c.so,
duet
othi
stwot
hinghappened

A)Thepr
oduct
ioni
ssl
oweddownormi
ghtst
op

B) Local
labouri
sbei
nghi
red

Sosi
ncet
hepr
iceofhi
ri
ngmi
grantwor
ker
sissomehowcheaperi
ncompar
isont
o
l
ocal
labour
er,sonowt
her
ewi
l
lbei
ncr
easei
nthecostofpr
oduct
ionandt
hust
her
e
wi
l
lbei
ncr
easei
nthef
inal
cost.

GOVERNMENTRESPONSETOWARDSMIGRANTWORKERSANDLABOUR
FORCE

Si
ncemi
grantwor
ker
sar
enow st
ucki
nthebi
gci
ti
eswher
etheyusedt
owor
k,so
nowt
her
eisnon-av
ail
abi
l
ityofbusesandot
hert
ranspor
tsy
stem ,sot
heybecame
t
otal
l
yhel
plessbutsomehow t
hemi
nist
ryofhomeaf
fai
rsor
der
edt
hest
atet
o
ensur
ethatmi
grant
swoul
dnotmov
edur
ingt
hel
ockdown,per
mit
ti
ngt
hest
atest
o
uset
heNat
ionalDi
sast
erResponseFund(
NDRF)f
orpr
ovi
dingf
oodandshel
tert
o
t
hemi
grant
s.

Andi
npur
suanceofl
ossofwagest
othemi
grant
sthegov
t.al
soi
ssuedsweepi
ng
or
derdi
rect
ing t
hatt
he l
andl
ord shoul
d notdemand r
entdur
ing t
he per
iod of
l
ockdownandt
hetempl
oyer
sshoul
dpaywageswi
thoutdeduct
ion.

Rel
i
efcamp:

Seei
ngt
hecur
rentsi
tuat
ionofmi
grant
s,t
hest
ategov
ernmentsetupt
housandsof
campst
ohousel
akhsofmi
grant
ssot
hatt
heyshoul
dst
ayt
her
eti
l
lthesi
tuat
ionbe
i
ncont
rol.i
nsomest
atest
otakepr
opercar
etot
heneedsoft
hemi
grant
sand
pr
eventt
hem f
rom l
eav
ingt
hecampus,t
hegov
ernmental
so pr
ovi
dedsev
eral
gamesl
i
kecar
rom boar
d,chessandr
echar
gef
aci
l
iti
esf
orphonessot
hatt
he
mi
grant
swoul
dnotl
eav
ethecamp(
quar
ant
inecent
res)
Tr
anspor
tat
ionf
aci
l
iti
es:

Tal
ki
ng aboutt
he t
ranspor
tat
ion gov
ernmentofsev
eralst
atesl
i
ke Del
hi,Ut
tar
Pr
adeshet
chadpr
ovi
dedFREEt
ranspor
tfr
om busest
othemi
grant
s.t
il
lnow
appr
oxi
mat
ely80l
akhpeopl
ehav
eenj
oyedt
hispr
ogr
ammeandsomehow t
hey
r
eachedt
othei
rhomet
own.

Shr
ami
kSpeci
alTr
ain wasal
soi
nnewsasi
twasst
art
edbyt
heI
ndi
anr
ail
way
sin
r
efer
encebyt
hecent
ralgov
ernmentt
opr
ovi
det
het
ranspor
tat
ionf
aci
l
ityt
othe
mi
grant
s,somehowt
heser
vicewasnotf
ree,buti
nst
eadsomeaddi
ti
onalchar
ges
wer
ebei
ngt
aken,
butany
wayt
hemi
grant
swer
emadet
ogot
othei
rhomet
own.

Schemes:

Wi
th acknowl
edgi
ng t
he si
gni
fi
cance of  
Mahat
ma Gandhi Nat
ional Rur
al
Empl
oymentGuar
ant
ee Scheme (
MGNREGS) dur
ing t
he pandemi
c,gov
thad
announcedt
opr
ovi
dej
obst
oal
lthepeopl
eofr
ural
areasr
etur
ningt
othei
rhome.

Fol
l
owi
ng t
he case ofAl
akh Al
okSr
ivast
ava Vs UOI 
The Cour
texpr
essed i
ts
sat
isf
act
ionatt
hest
epst
akenbyt
heCent
ralGov
ernmentandi
mpl
ement
ati
onby
St
ateGov
ernment
s,t
ocur
bthespr
eadofCor Vi
ona  r
us 
(COVI
D-19)aswel
last
o
pr
ovi
debasi
cameni
ti
esl
i
kef
ood,
dri
nki
ngwat
er,
medi
cinest
othemi
grant
s.

Gov
ernmenthadal
sol
aunchedapr
ogr
ammecal
l
edGar
ibKal
yanRozgarAbhi
yan,
whosemai
nmot
toi
stopr
ovi
deempl
oymentbymaki
nganout
layofRs50000cr
ore
j
obt
othosemi
grantwor
ker
swhohadr
ecent
lyv
isi
tedt
hei
rhomet
own.
 CONCLUSI
ON

Cov
id-
19hasposedanunpr
ecedent
edchal
l
engef
orI
ndi
a.Gi
vent
hel
argesi
zeoft
he
popul
ati
on,
thepr
ecar
ioussi
tuat
ionoft
heeconomy
,especi
all
yoft
hef
inanci
alsect
or
i
nthe pr
e-Cov
id-
19 per
iod,and t
he economy
’s dependence on i
nfor
mall
abor
,
l
ockdownsand ot
hersoci
aldi
stanci
ng measur
esar
etur
ning outt
o be hugel
y
di
srupt
ive.Thecent
ralandst
ategov
ernment
shav
erecogni
zedt
hechal
l
engeand
hav
erespondedbutt
hisr
esponseshoul
dbej
ustt
hebegi
nni
ng.

Theev
ent
ualdamaget
otheeconomyi
sli
kel
ytobesi
gni
fi
cant
lywor
set
hant
he
cur
rentest
imat
es.I
tcanbeseent
hatt
hemi
grantwor
ker
sar
ethemostv
ulner
abl
e
per
sont
hatsuf
fert
hemost
.Itcanbeseent
hatsi
ncet
hewor
ker
shadnowmi
grat
ed
t
othei
rhomet
own,
sosomehowort
heot
hert
heywi
l
lnowbedependentupont
hei
r
l
ocal
act
ivi
ti
est
oear
nthei
rli
vi
ng.

TheCOVI
D-19cr
isi
shasaccent
uat
edt
hepr
obl
em ofhi
ghunempl
oymentandweak
aggr
egat
edemandt
hatt
heI
ndi
aneconomywasgr
appl
i
ngwi
thev
enbef
oret
he
onsetoft
hepandemi
c.I
thasnotonl
yresul
tedi
nlar
gescal
ejobl
ossesandl
ossof
i
ncomes,butal
so i
ncr
eased pov
ert
y.TheCOVI
D-19 cr
isi
shasaccent
uat
ed t
he
pr
obl
em ofhi
gh unempl
oymentand weak aggr
egat
e demand t
hatt
he I
ndi
an
economywasgr
appl
i
ngwi
thev
enbef
oret
heonsetoft
hepandemi
c.I
thasnotonl
y
r
esul
tedi
nlar
gescal
ejobl
ossesandl
ossofi
ncomes,
butal
soi
ncr
easedpov
ert
y.To
pr
eventf
urt
herj
obl
osses,t
hisneedst
obeaccompani
edwi
thwagesuppor
tfor
ent
erpr
isest
opr
otectl
ow wagef
ormalwor
ker
sint
hei
rexi
sti
ngj
obs.Empl
oyment
guar
ant
eeschemeswi
l
lal
sopl
ayacr
uci
alr
olei
npr
ovi
dingacushi
ont
othose
r
ender
ed j
obl
ess.So now i
tcan be concl
uded t
hatt
her
e shoul
d be pr
oper
empl
oymentf
rom bici
ti
est
osmal
landsmal
lvi
l
lages,sot
hatt
her
ewi
l
lbenoany
needofmi
grat
ionofpeopl
eespeci
all
yforj
obs.

Thusal
lthet
hreehy
pot
hesi
stur
nsoutt
obecor
rectbutsomehow t
hir
donei
s
par
ti
all
ycor
rect
.

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
Bookr
efer
red:

1)Theeconomi
ccostof2020-Ami
tGaur
av

Si
tesr
efer
red:

1)www.
ti
mesof
indi
a.i
ndi
ati
mes.
com

2)www.
economi
cti
mes.
com

3)www.
bloomber
gqueen.
com

4)www.
mit
press.
mit
educat
ion.
com