-> (cg) point in which the entire force of gravity (weight) in a body is assumed

to be concentrated
-> If g has the same value at all points in a body, its center of gravity (cg) is identical to
its center of mass (cm).

m x i i
xcg  xcm  i

m i
i

m y i i
ycg  ycm  i

m i
i

2
3
Example 1. Walking the plank
A uniform wooden plank of length L=6.0m and mass M=90kg rests on top of two sawhorses
separated by a distance D=1.5m., located equal distances from the center of the plank.
Your cousin Throckmorton tries to stand on the right-hand end of the plank. If the plank is
to remain at rest, how massive can Throckmorton be?
Example 2.
At what point will the meter stick with rock attached be in balance?
 
1. Net Force must be zero
F  0

2. Net Torque must be zero
  0

6
Example 3. Weight Distribution of a Car
An auto magazine reports that a certain sports car has 53% of its weight on the front
wheels and 47% on its rear wheels, with a 2.46-m wheelbase. This means that the total
normal force on the front wheel is 0.53w and that on the rear wheel is 0.47w, where w is
the total weight. The wheel base is the distance between the front and rear axle. How far
in front of the rear axle is the car’s center of gravity?

7
Example 4. Heroic Rescue
Sir Lancelot is trying to rescue the Lady Elayne from
Castle Von Doom by climbing a uniform ladder that is
5.0m long and weighs 180 N. Lancelot, who weighs
800 N, stops a third of the way up the ladder. The
bottom of the ladder rests on a horizontal stone
ledge and leans across the moat in equilibrium
against a vertical wall that is frictionless because of
a thick layer of moss. The ladder makes an angle of
53.1o with the horizontal, conveniently forming a
3-4-5 right triangle. (a) Find the normal and friction
forces on the ladder at its base. (b) Find the
minimum coefficient of static friction needed to
prevent slipping at the base. (c) Find the magnitude
and direction of the contact force on the ladder at
the base.

8
STRESS -> characterizes the strength of the force causing the deformation
-> force per unit area basis
STRAIN -> describes the resulting deformation

ELASTIC MODULI -> stress over strain Stress

Elastic Moduli  Hooke’s Law
-> SI Unit – Pascal (Pa) Strain

9
-> the object is in tension

F
Tensile Stress 
A
ΔL
Tensile Strain 
L0

ELASTIC MODULI

Tensile stress F L0
 Y Young’s Modulus
Tensile strain AL

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-> the object experiences pressure

 F 
Bulk Stress     p
 A
ΔV
Bulk Strain  
V0
ELASTIC MODULI

Bulk stress

p V0
B Bulk Modulus
Bulk strain V
1
k Compressibility
B
11
-> the object experiences two opposing forces at opposite points

F||
Shear Stress 
A
x
Shear Strain 
h

ELASTIC MODULI

Shear stress F|| h

 S Shear Modulus
Shear strain Ax

12
Example 5. Tensile Stress and Strain
A steel rod 2.0 m long has a cross-sectional area of 0.30 cm2. The rod is now hung by one
end from a support structure, and a 550-kg milling machine is hung from the rod’s lower
end. Determine the stress, the strain and the elongation of the rod.

Example 6. Bulk Stress and Strain

A hydraulic press contains 0.25m3 (250 L) of oil. Find the decrease in volume of the oil
when it is subjected to a pressure increase of 1.6x107 Pa. The bulk modulus of the oil is
5x109 Pa.

Example 6. Shear Stress and Strain

A square brass plate 0.80 m a side and 0.50 cm thick experiences shear
stress. How large a force must be exerted on its edges if the
displacement x=0.16mm?
Prob 1. The center of gravity of a 5-kg irregular object is shown in the
figure. You need to move the center of gravity 2.20 cm to the left by
gluing on a tiny 1.50 kg mass, which will then be considered as part of the
object. Where should you attach this additional mass?

Prob 2. The horizontal beam in the figure weighs 150 N and its center of
gravity is at the center. Find (a) the tension in the cable and (b) the
horizontal and vertical components of the force exerted on the beam at the
wall

Prob 3. A ladder carried by a fire truck is 20.0 m long. The

ladder weighs 2800 N and its center of gravity is at its
center. The ladder is pivoted at one end (A) about a pin. The
ladder is raised into position by a force applied by a hydraulic
piston at C. Point C is 8.0 m from A, and the force F exerted by
the piston makes an angle of 40o with the ladder. What
magnitude must F have just to lift the ladder off the support
bracket at B?

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